Society for Historical Archaeology 2017

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michelle A. Slaughter. Karin Larkin.

In general, State Historic Preservation Offices (SHPO) designed guidelines and timelines for compliance projects that mitigate cultural resources potentially impacted by proposed development. These purposes are fundamentally different from those of academic work and field schools, which focus on theory based interpretation and field techniques. Yet academic field schools are designed to prepare students for a professional life beyond their undergraduate career and for most that means working in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William T Reitze. Melyssa Huston.

Over the last four years Petrified Forest National Park has begun to replace the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) installed waterline which carries drinking water to the original headquarters complex at Rainbow Forest. At the completion of the project in 1940 the Rainbow Forest Waterline represented the longest CCC hand-dug waterline in a National Park. Survey and recording, currently in progress, along the complete 26 mile corridor has documented a detailed archaeological record of the lives...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brooke Bonorden. Brett A. Houk.

Following the outbreak of the Caste War in the Yucatán (1847-1901), a group of approximately 1,000 Maya migrated into northwestern British Honduras (Belize) and settled 20 small villages. Far from the principal population centers of the Yucatán, the Petén, and Belize City, the only other inhabitants in this region were logging gangs predominantly composed of descendants of African slaves who seasonally inhabited the mahogany camps of the Belize Estate and Produce Company’s (BEC) vast land...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Douglas K Smit.

Throughout the 18th century, indigenous Andean miners at the Huancavelica mercury mine increasingly entered into wage labor agreements with Spanish mine owners in order to avoid the harsher conditions of the mita labor draft. This shift from forced to free labor increased the circulation of specie within the mining community, and as a result, the miners began increasingly participating in local, regional, and global markets. Drawing upon recent excavations at the indigenous mining settlement of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Andrew J Holloway.

During the summer of 2016, students led by Dr. Charles Ewen excavated the proposed Edward Moseley Ruin (now the bake oven at Lot 35) at Brunswick Town State Historic Site. Instead of finding the house and associated buildings of Lot 34, the students uncovered the remains of structure N5 on Lot 35 along with an associated ballast oven. Later analysis of the historical record determined that the property was owned by Christopher and Elizabeth Cains until 1775 and then sold to Prudence McIlhenny....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jenifer A Davis.

This paper investigates the general health practices of lower ranking military communities at Fort Davis, Texas, a nineteenth-century U.S. Army instillation. Focusing on an assemblage of glass medicinal vessels collected from sites occupied by enlisted black troops, married soldiers’ families, and army laundresses, this study considers health management practices within the changing notions of health and disease in the context of nineteenth-century medical movements, including temperance,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Edward Gonzalez-Tennant.

The goal of this paper is the articulation of an anarchist historical archaeological theory. The emergence of anarchism as a political philosophy in the late-17th/early-18th centuries suggests that historical archaeologists are well-positioned to articulate the intersections between anarchy and archaeology. This paper provides a brief overview of the central tenets of anarchist theory, and particularly its robust criticism of hierarchy. Anarchists continue to explore issues related to horizontal...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Maxwell Forton.

Excavations of the Biry House of Castroville, Texas have produced a diverse assemblage of clothing buttons dating from the 1840s through the 1930s. This paper explores how these buttons are being used to create a more holistic understanding of the lives of these Alsatian immigrants and their descendants. Such buttons are a common occurrence among domestic assemblages of the 19th and 20th century, but these humble artifacts may actively shape the narratives of individual lives and the communities...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Shauna M. Mundt.

In recent years personal adornment artifacts and their relation to identity performance have gained interest among historical archaeologists. This paper analyzes personal adornment artifacts recovered from Fort Davis, Texas during FODAAP’s 2014 field season to show how Buffalo Soldiers negotiated identity within a frontier community. Fort Davis, a nineteenth century U.S. Army base located on a major frontier, was home to all of the army’s all-black regiments and an ethno-racially diverse...

DOCUMENT Citation Only W. Stephen McBride.

Recent excavations at Camp Nelson Civil War Park, KY have focused on the William Berkele Sutler store, which was part of the camp’s commercial district. While excavating north of the Berkele Store, we unexpectedly found evidence of a photograph gallery which included a stencil cutting operation.  Both of these products were in demand for Civil War soldiers, the former to send portraits of themselves back to loved ones, perhaps for the last time, and the latter to mark and claim personal...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melinda M. Berge. Alyssa N. Cheli.

The Mexican Ranchos of the 18th and 19th centuries represent a niche in California history which is not often well understood by students of any age. From elementary school education to popular media, the focus in California tends to be on either the precontact Native Americans or the Spanish Missions. The Ranchos are host to a pluralistic community, including laborers, visitors, traders, owners, and overseers. Fairly representing these multiple voices can be difficult, but by presenting diverse...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melonie R Shier.

When thinking about open range cattle production, seldom is that image linked to a picture of corporate America. The Kern County Land Company operating on over 2 million acres of land in the American West, much of it devoted to animal husbandry. All stages of husbandry was operated by the Kern County Land Company from the cow / calf operations to the abattoir and shipping to supermarkets.  In the San Emigdio Hills in south central California, where this paper will focus, the Emigdio Ranch was...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew DeFreese.

 The Camino Real de Tierra Adentro was a trail connecting Mexico City with New Mexico from 1598 until the early 20th century. This period reflects significant trail alteration in response to transportation change from carreta carts, stagecoaches, wagons, and automobiles plus localized weather conditions during travel. These shifts caused travelers to create alternate trail segments, leaving the Camino Real a series of trail segments, not a single path. As it travels through the Jornada del...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William B. Lees.

In October of 1861 the camp of the 6th New York Volunteer Infantry was surprised and routed and the Battle of Santa Rosa Island ensued. Confederates destroyed the camp before being pushed off the island by regulars from nearby Fort Pickens. Research at the site was kicked off by an RPA-certified Advanced Metal Detecting for the Archaeologist training hosted by the University of West Florida, Florida Public Archaeology Network. Results expanded on the understanding of the site developed after the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Cori Rich.

Driven by the desire to learn, explore, and grow in the field of archaeology, those who chase this life are often left asking themselves: to CRM or not to CRM? Cultural Resource Management, specifically Phase I survey, is not what many would consider "exciting" or even "sexy".  All that in mind, I have taken on the task of building and managing a multi-state CRM program built on the foundation of telecommunications projects and Phase I surveys.  Telecom has created a unique environment that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erica G Moses. Matthew C. Greer.

As part of ongoing archaeological investigations of Quarter Site B at Belle Grove Plantation in Virginia’s Shenandoah Valley, geospatial data from various sources are being compiled and analyzed in ArcGIS. Of particular interest is the spatial relationship between the quarter site and the two main loci of white control over the plantation, the manor house and the plantation office/store. This presentation uses viewshed analysis and 3D visualization to explore visibility and lines of sight within...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Allen Wilson. Michael P. Fedoroff.

The nature of the mission of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers--water management, and the dams and reservoirs necessary to accomplish this mission have resulted in many familial and community cemeteries on USACE land falling under the stewardship of the Corps. The desire to settle near productive bodies of water, the time period around which these areas were being settled, and the preference to establish these cemeteries on high grounds resulted in numerous examples of the "Upland South Folk...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Justin E. Uehlein.

The years following the Civil War and leading up to the Great Depression are largely left out of archaeological discourse. Whether as a result of perceived temporal insignificance (it’s not old enough!), or the assumed ephemerality of such assemblages, peoples dispossessed of their homes as a result of the greatest crisis in modern capitalism have been forgotten in mainstream discourse and effectively ignored by archaeologists. A focus on capitalism within historical archaeology supports this...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John Chenoweth. Mark Salvatore. Laura Bossio.

The analysis of high-resolution satellite imagery to aid archaeological understanding, or "Space Archaeology" as it is sometimes called, presents a largely untapped set of methodologies for historical archaeological work.  This project makes use of Normalized Differential Vegetation Indexes (NDVI) calculated on high-resolution satellite images of the British Virgin Islands.  These data are combined with historic maps to analyze the different productive potentials of different plantations and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christopher Matthews.

Historical archaeology is a useful method for discovering silenced and hidden pasts that force reconsideration of how the present came to be and at what and who’s expense. This impulse regularly generates deeper appreciations for the power of the past in and over the present. Yet, archaeologists less often move their results forward to engage with the futures that contemporary people, such as descendant and local communities, can make with new archaeological knowledge. This is surprising since a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jason, T. Raupp. David Steinberg.

The American transport ship Florence D disappeared in the murky waters off of the Tiwi Islands after being bombed by Japanese fighter planes on their return from the first air attack on Darwin Harbour on 19 February 1942. Considered one Australia’s great wartime mysteries, the location of the site was unknown until discovered by a local fisherman in 2006. Archaeological investigations of the wreck later conducted by teams from the Northern Territory’s Heritage Branch verified the identity of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sean Devlin. Lynsey A. Bates. Jillian Galle.

In this paper, we argue that site survey, prior to and in addition to open area excavation, is essential to addressing our understanding of the contested landscapes of plantation life. Building on a research strategy employed by DAACS on former British Caribbean plantations, preliminary results from 2016 fieldwork at the eighteenth-century Jamaican sugar estate of Stewart Castle suggest the methodological power and analytical opportunities of systematic shovel-test-pit (STP) survey. This...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mary Petrich-Guy. Renae J. Campbell.

Self-taught artist, James Castle, lived his entire life in Idaho (1899-1977). From a young age, he created his works from everyday materials, such as mail, matchboxes, pages of siblings’ homework, and found objects. Castle moved to Boise with his family in the 1930s and while at this farm, he used a converted chicken coop/shed as a private workspace and abode. In October 2016, archaeologists from the University of Idaho (UI) collaborated with the James Castle House, Boise City Department of Arts...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ruth Van Dyke.

In the 1840s, empresario Henri di Castro brought Alsatian settlers from the Rhine Valley to south Texas, where the new arrivals joined established Mexican families, German immigrants, and displaced Apache.  Today, the Castro Colonies Heritage Association (CCHA) is transforming a 19th-century property into a Living History Center, intended as a focal point for Alsatian heritage tourism. In partnership with the CCHA, Binghamton University archaeologists have completed three excavation seasons at...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jeneva Wright.

USS Arizona, a steel-hulled battleship sunk in Pearl Harbor, HI on 7 December 1941, is an iconic American shipwreck, a war grave and memorial, and is among many shipwreck sites that contain large amounts of potential marine pollutants. Unlike most similar sites, however, USS Arizona has been the subject of long-term and ongoing corrosion studies aimed at understanding and modeling the nature of structural changes to the hull. Gaining a detailed understanding of the interaction between the marine...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jenn Ogborne.

Cattle were not the primary focus of Thomas Jefferson’s Bedford County plantation, but he did maintain a small herd, divided between the quarter farms that comprised Poplar Forest, for various purposes. These included dairying, some meat production, and manure. Cattle were also driven in small numbers to Monticello, herded by enslaved individuals living at Poplar Forest. In addition to live animals, dairy products were also sent regularly to Monticello. While herding and dairying activities are...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Martha Zierden. Elizabeth J. Reitz.

When colonists settled Carolina in the late 17th century they encountered a bountiful land.  They immediately planted cattle, that thrived in the pinewoods, canebreaks, and marshes of the lowcountry.  Most of these cattle were raised under free-range conditions.  Three decades of archaeological research in Charleston, South Carolina, show that the flourishing cattle herds influenced the city's economy and diet. Measurements of cattle bones and analysis of recovered horn cores indicate that the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nerissa Russell.

I argue that, in contrast to other early animal domesticates, cattle domestication in the Near Eastern Neolithic was motivated largely by the symbolic value of wild cattle (aurochsen).  Already the centerpieces of feasts and ceremonies, subject to ritual treatment, and probably playing a key role in Neolithic religion, domestication brought these powerful animals under human control, and ensured a ready supply for ceremonies.  I suggest that this pre-existing symbolic and spiritual power shaped...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman. Nicole Mathwich.

Cattle and other European livestock were important to the economic and cultural development of western North America; however, the celebrated cowboy and vaquero cultures of the region emerged out of a complex Spanish colonial tradition that began with missionized native peoples who became adept at ranching. The Pimería Alta, what is today northern Sonora and southern Arizona, provides an excellent case study of the many ways that the cattle introduced at missions became rapidly intertwined with...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melissa Eiring.

Few universal protocols are in place for cemetery preservation and its associated records. Typically, vandalism is associated with physical objects. Often overlooked are the written records. Despite the potential wealth of information, there is currently no guarantee that the record keeping of a cemetery or individual gravemarkers exists or is accurate. The selective disclosure of information or manipulation of records-or documentary vandalism- can lead to vandalized historical records and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kelton Sheridan.

  This project examines foodways and practices related to ceramic use on the Eastern Pequot reservation in North Stonington, Connecticut. Analysis of ceramic assemblages from three sites from different time periods focusing on ware type, vessel form, and decoration has informed how the Eastern Pequot negotiated these markets and utilized ceramics. Engagement with the local Euro-American markets by New England’s Native peoples was necessary during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, but how...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Shannon Cowell.

For travelers on El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, the 1,600 mile trail connecting Mexico City to Santa Fe, the Paraje San Diego (LA 6346) in southern New Mexico is a significant campsite connecting the trail to the Rio Grande before it diverges into the waterless Jornada del Muerto to the north.  Past analysis of ceramics from the site revealed broad patterns in directional trade and chronology of the Camino Real; recent field data, including point-plotted ceramics recovered from the site,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jerry Howard.

The Island of Isla Colon in the western Caribbean archipelago of Bocas del Toro, Panama has long been a place of trade and exchange. In the period shortly before Old World contact, different native groups visited the region producing an array of material evidence. Regionally diverse ceramics found on the island demonstrate a plethora of styles and traditions from both northern and southern regions during this ancient period. The practice of ceramic diversity on Isla Colon continued well into the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Penny D Minturn.

The Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) is tasked with the recovery of missing crew from aircraft crash sites around the world.  In many of these cases the excavation for the recovery of the aircraft requires a deep excavation.  Scientific methods utilized especially for deep excavation have been developed over the last 100 years of archaeological method and theory (most especially within the realm of Cultural Resource Management) and can be applied to the work at DPAA.  Whether the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Helen Werner.

Quantitative techniques for estimating age and sex at death are becoming more popular with the increased use of computed tomography scans and radiographs on forensic human remains. A gap in the research makes practical applications of post mortem imaging limited to those individuals whose time since death is known, as there has yet to be a parallel study examining changes in bone density during the post-mortem interval. This study examines archaeological human remains from the Milwaukee County...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Meghan Weaver. Virgil Beasley. Hunter B. Johnson. Keith Little.

The nineteenth-century community of Warrenton, Mississippi, and its fortunes were inextricably linked to the changing courses of the Mississippi River. The town's position, only slightly higher than the river, provided an excellent steamboat landing for the import and export of goods, people, and ideas, but also made the town prone to flooding and disease. During Warrenton's vibrant occupation it was home to prominent residents including CSA President Jefferson Davis, shipped more cotton than...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jamie E. May.

Nothing makes the intentions and aspirations of a colonizing enterprise more apparent than the maps and charts of the spaces they seek to control, particularly their choices of which geographic and cultural features to represent or assign the power of a name. Because of the obvious value as primary documents, a small handful of maps relating to Virginia in the early contact period are used by historians, anthropologists and archaeologists to place and interpret sites and features on the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Renae J. Campbell.

Japanese-manufactured ceramics from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries have been recovered from a variety of archaeological sites throughout Western North America, but large collections and in-depth analyses of pre-World War II assemblages are still relatively rare.  As a result, standardized formal, temporal, and functional typologies are only just emerging and site comparisons are often difficult.  This paper presents a synthesis of ceramic data from three west coast sites...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Leland S Crawford.

Built to save a struggling New England fishing industry, the Chebacco boats were an amalgamation of ship features that rose to prominence after the time American Revolution. This is the boat that gave Chebacco Parish of Masschusettes, the power and influence to become the famous shipbuilding town of Essex. This talk will briefly cover the history and development, the features that make Chebacco boats unique, and finally, we will look at the Coffin's Beach site which shows the example of a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Molly E Swords.

In 1910, people traveling eastward or westward on the Northern Pacific Railroad, would have had an opportunity to get off the train at Sandpoint, Idaho.  These travelers may have been lured in by the promise of jobs in lumber, the picturesque lake with mountains surrounding the town, or the "stories" told about this "party" town.  Whatever their reason for choosing Sandpoint, one of the first businesses to greet them was the Pend d’Oreille Hotel.  Situated adjacent to the railroad tracks it was...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Eric Swanson.

Remote sensing in a marine environment has expanded quickly over the last decade, seeing the emergence of technology that was only dreamed of over a century ago (Verne 1870).  It is with the emergence and consistent operation of marine technology that we see innovative and dynamic use of sensors to discover methods that can help to explore and define the resources we discover and investigate.  Studies into the effect that the environment has on archaeological sites has been a particular focus...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melissa Frederick.

This paper focuses on ceramics from 40GN9, a Cherokee site in East Tennessee occupied from the 1400s to 1600s, to investigate the issue of coalescence during the Late Mississippian (A.D. 1350-1600) and protohistoric (A.D. 1500-1700) periods, characterized by disease, widespread demographic and environments shifts, and changes in slaving, warfare, and politics. Through quantification of the attributes of wares, forms, and decorations among 40GN9’s ceramics and examination of the spatial...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Shanna L Daniel. George Schwarz.

US Navy’s Chesapeake Flotilla was a collection of 16 gunboats assembled under the direction of Joshua Barney to defend the Chesapeake Bay during the War of 1812.  The Flotilla engaged the Royal Navy in several skirmishes along the Patuxent River but was forced to scuttle the vessels in August of 1814.  In 2010-11 Naval History and Heritage Command (NHHC) and state of Maryland partners excavated sections of the flotilla’s probable flagship, USS Scorpion. Diagnostic artifacts, such as surgical...

DOCUMENT Citation Only A. Dudley Gardner.

The Chinese settlement in this nineteenth century southwestern Wyoming coal mining town has unique elements.  On September 2, 1885, when Chinatown was attacked and burned to the ground.  This attack was devastating but by 1885 the Chinese immigrant population that lived in Rock Springs had developed a well-ordered, sophisticated interaction sphere that extended to most mining and railroad communities in southern Wyoming.  This presentation looks at how the archaeological evidence from Chinatown...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert W. McQueen.

Recorded in 1994 and excavated in 2009, site 26LA3061 is a late-19th century Chinese workmen’s camp located in the heart of central Nevada’s Cortez Mining District. The site had multiple habitations including dugouts, tent flats, and stone ruins, which yielded several interesting finds—the 6,000+ artifacts included domestic and foreign coins, lots of opium paraphernalia, and a lock of hair that underwent DNA testing. Cortez was infamous for its successful hiring of a large force of Chinese...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Eric Schweickart. Barbara Heath.

The mercantile networks that connected England to its North American colonial enclaves in the 17th century were tenuous and often fleeting. At the time, the manufacture and exchange of household goods mostly took place within local or regional networks. Thus, colonial access to objects made in the British Isles depended upon the local or regional networks merchants could access on both sides of the Atlantic Basin. Such mercantile uncertainty complicates the traditional means by which historical...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew Palus. Lyle Torp.

Fort Stevens was one of the only fortifications comprising the Civil War Defenses of Washington that saw combat, during Jubal Early’s raid on July 11-12, 1864. Prior to the Civil War, the land was sold by free African American woman Elizabeth Butler to the trustees of Emory Chapel in 1855 for construction of a church; when Fort Massachusetts was initially constructed in 1861, the church stood within it, but later was razed by the Union army when the fort was expanded and renamed Fort Stevens in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Angela Lombardi.

In the Southwest of United States, San Antonio, Texas is a urban center of high cultural significance characterized by a ‘historic urban landscape’, whose morphology was generated by Spanish colonial exploitation patterns, such as the  18th century agricultural irrigation system of ‘acequias’  developed along the San Antonio river. This study demonstrates how contemporary urban form can be interpreted as a palimpsest, with material memory embedded in the city, it develops mapping visualization...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Samantha Bernard.

Blockade-running is neither considered an honorable enterprise nor a villainous practice, it is simply a means of trade during times of war and its occurrence during the American Civil War was no different. As the war divided our country, blockade-runners kept the borders busy with commerce. The North and South, though separated by political agendas, continued to need each other for economic survival and foreign powers were more than willing to assist in these proceedings. Blockade-running...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jade W Luiz.

Although prostitution was illegal in 19th-century Boston, it was not carried out in secret, nor did it produce so ephemeral a trace as to render it invisible in the historical and archaeological record. Study of material remains from the 27/29 Endicott Street brothel demonstrates the multi-layered realities of brothel life as the residents of the brothel developed strategies for coping with being purchased for ostensibly intimate acts that were in fact commercial transactions. These strategies...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erik R Farrell. Jeremy Borrelli.

The conservation cleaning of concreted marine-archaeological cannon is a complex and multidimensional problem. At present, archaeologists have uncovered 30 cannon amongst the shipwreck remains of Blackbeard’s flagship, Queen Anne’s Revenge (QAR). Currently, the QAR Conservation Laboratory holds 18 of these cannon in various stages of conservation. This places the QAR Lab in a unique position to develop practical treatment solutions for such a large collection of submerged artillery. Various...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Thomas K. Larson. Dori M. Penny. Marina Tinkcom.

Wyoming's Abandoned Mine Land Division (AML) has been funding cultural resource investigations at late nineteenth and early twentieth century coal fields in the Rock Springs Uplift since the early 1980s and that work continues up to the present.  A program that began primarily as the closure of dangerous mine openings gradually evolved to address mine subsidence and underground mine fires.  Today, mining-related community impacts and stream erosion problems have become priority issues.  These...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Zada L Komara.

Hegemonic power structures in Appalachia solidified during industrialization and shape the region’s representation and economic strategies today.  Appalachia is a land of backward hillbillies in the public consciousness, alternately uplifted and oppressed by extractive industries. Popular perceptions privilege the coal industry’s ‘power over’ Appalachian people without confronting the dynamic interplay of many power structures.  Household goods from two Kentucky company coal towns illuminate the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Joseph B Motley.

Excavations at Scott Cemetery in Dallas led to the rediscovery of three adult and three sub-adult burials.  While the preservation of coffin wood was poor, intact coffin hardware was recovered.  Artifacts include coffin and casket handles, various nails and thumb screws, and glass viewing windows.  Historic records of Scott Cemetery provide a unique opportunity for coffin hardware analysis.  With burials ranging from the late 19th century through the 1930s, knowing the interment dates of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert S Neyland.

Placement of coins in the mast steps of ships  has continued from the Roman 2nd century BC through the medieval, renaissance, and historic periods into the present day.  The tradition is still entrenched in modern shipbuilding and even current Navy ships have a coin placed under the mast or tallest structure on the ship. The practice of putting a coin in the mast step has had continuity in western shipbuilding for over 2,000 years, although it is possible the cultural reasons for the practice...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David R. Starbuck.

Archaeology conducted by SUNY Adirondack and Plymouth State University at British military sites located along the Hudson River and in Lake George, New York, has recovered much colonial coinage that will be summarized here. Twenty-five years of excavations at British military encampments dating to the French & Indian War in northern New York State has revealed that mid-18th-century commerce was conducted with a combination of British and Spanish currency--a mixture of low-denomination English...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Marjorie Akin.

There is a very long history of people throwing valuable objects into bodies of water or fountains, and the practice has long been widespread.  Today children ask for, and are often given, small-denomination coins to "make a wish" by tossing them into a fountain or pool.   What are the origins and history of this behavior, and what beliefs and social motivations lie behind it, from ancient times to today?  The social and physical formation processes that affect these "votive offerings" will be...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kevin D. Akin.

Coins can be very helpful in interpreting the physical remains found at historic-period sites. Their connections with economics, politics, cultural practices, and recreational activities can clarify obscure points that never made it into the historical record. Deadwood, South Dakota only dates back 142 years, but it is packed with history, and the people of Deadwood have become leaders in using their history to support their town. The coins from the old Deadwood Chinatown tell some particularly...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lawrence Lee.

Unlike much of the rest of the world, numismatics as practiced in America has little recognized scholastic standing. The lack of perceived value for numismatics is readily apparent in the archeology of the Great Plains, where the indigenous economy was not based on bullion value, where coin hoards like those found on the eastern seaboard are basically non-existent and numismatic objects are considered to ‘historic’ and thus intrusive to the prehistory of the region. In such a setting, numismatic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James C. Bard.

  Kam Wah Chung was a frontier Chinese medical clinic, general store, community center and residence of two Chinese immigrants, Ing "Doc" Hay and Lung On, located in the frontier eastern Oregon town of John Day, Oregon. "Doc" Hay practiced traditional herbal medicine and Long On was proprietor of their general store. Left untouched for decades, Kam Wah Chung State Heritage Site is a remarkable time capsule capturing the life and times of the late 19th and early 20th century Chinese community....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alexandra Martin. Ana C. Opishinski.

Strawbery Banke Museum is an outdoor history museum in Portsmouth, NH with over 40 historic houses.  The majority of these buildings sit on their original foundations, enabling archaeological research into the daily lives of the historic neighborhood’s residents.  Recently, the primary motivation for museum excavations has been in preparation for construction work planned by the museum’s Heritage House Program.  This presentation will describe how the archaeology department works in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tiina Äikäs.

In the studies of colonial relations, historical archaeology usually concentrates on the early encounters between European settlers and indigenous peoples. Nevertheless, colonial relations are evident in the contemporary culture too, e.g. in the use of indigenous symbols in commercial connections and in tourism. Archaeology can study also this contemporary colonialism through material culture. In this paper, I first give some background on the topic of the session, comparative indigenism – a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dawn M. Rutecki.

Legacies of archaeological social complexity models continue to stigmatize living Native communities. Pervasive in discussions of pre-Contact peoples in the modern United States, these models rely on the Eurocentric foundations steeped in racism, sexism, and religious bigotry on which they were built during early colonization. Archaeological evidence provides the opportunity to interrogate how past peoples were and continue to be entangled with living communities, rather than to buttress myopic,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Adam C Brinkman.

During the late sixteenth and seventeenth century colonization of New Mexico by Spanish colonists and indigenous Mexican auxiliaries, rural ranches or estancias, were established in close proximity to autonomous Pueblo villages along the Rio Grande. These estancias were the setting for complex negotiations of colonial power structures which were based upon the exploitation of labor from indigenous peoples. At LA-20,000, an early colonial estancia located off a branch of El Camino Real near Santa...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael J. Meyer.

In 2015, the Missouri Department of Transportation investigated a mid-nineteenth century property formerly known as the Racine House. From 1850 until 1872, the house operated as a coffee shop, saloon, boarding house, hotel, and general gathering place for working class men. Catering almost exclusively to French-Canadian immigrants, the Racine House was one of many such "social clubs" in this heavily-Germanic neighborhood. Recent archeological excavations uncovered a pair of features located...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Cathrine M. Davis.

Lead seals ("bale seals") remain some of the more mysterious artifacts found at colonial period North American sites, but they have an incredible potential to enrich our understanding of eighteenth-century textile consumption. This presentation will showcase results of the analysis of nearly 300 lead seals from three French colonial sites with different locations, purposes, and inhabitants: Fort St. Joseph, Fort Carillon (Ticonderoga), and Fortress Louisbourg. These varied sites provide a window...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lauren Alston Bridges.

During the Early Republican Period, the sugar industry increasingly connected a fledgling Salvadoran country to a global market. A creolized labor force produced sugar on large estates known as haciendas. The hacienda was a crossroads of indigenous, African, and European interests as evidenced in the ceramic landscapes of the Río Ceniza Valley. The extensive organization of labor, on a periphery of the Spanish Empire, was underscored by a complex set of power relations. This research focuses on...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christopher R. Moore.

Daniel and Ascenith Baum arrived in Carroll County, Indiana on a keel boat in April 1825. One of the pioneering families in the region, the Baum residence quickly became a social entrepôt. The first store in the county was opened in one of the Baum cabins, the first courts were held in the Baum house, and travelers coming up the Wabash River regularly stopped at the Baum’s. The Baum farm, then, was a focal point for the development of a community identity for the region’s early settlers. This...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Samuel P Turner. Chuck Meide. Allyson Ropp.

The Anniversary Wreck was discovered in 2015, the 450th anniversary of the founding of St. Augustine, Florida. Preliminary analysis of the material recovered dates the site between 1750 and 1800. A closer examination of the ceramic assemblage and a comparison to terrestrial ceramic assemblages from St. Augustine are used to attempt to accurately place the shipwreck within the prevailing historical divisions of Florida’s History that span the years 1750 to 1800, that is, the late First Spanish...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Caitlyn C Johnson.

Ceramics and socioeconomic analyses are useful tools for comparing market access, choice, and economic status between sites associated with enslaved people.  Located in Bedford County, Virginia, Poplar Forest plantation was home to enslaved peoples beginning with its establishment in the mid-18th century and continuing through multiple owners until emancipation.  Archaeology conducted since the 1990s has yielded substantial datasets for several different slave quarters on the property, which...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Emily S. Dale.

Nineteenth and twentieth century western mining landscapes were characterized by urban centers that served as hubs of economic and social activities and rural sites that provided the towns and cities with needed goods. Aurora, Nevada and Bodie, California were two prominent mining towns that were serviced by a multitude of rural sites, such as ranches, farms, and woodcutting camps. Chinese immigrants resided in both the urban and rural spaces. This paper compares and contrasts the archaeology of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mary Jo Galindo.

Before the Río Grande became a contested border between the United States and Mexico, and between predominantly Latino and Anglo-American societies, it was the northern frontier of Spanish Nuevo Santander and a border between Spanish Mexico and indigenous societies to the north. The pobladores, or colonists, who moved into the region—and their descendants to the present day—had to adapt constantly to the changing political, economic, and social environment. The eighteenth-century colony of Nuevo...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth A. Comer. Kathy Abbott.

During restoration of a ca.1817 worker’s house in Catoctin Furnace, Maryland, 103 articles of clothing were discovered inserted between the eaves. The heavily worn and patched clothing for men, women and children includes both current fashion and utilitarian articles. An extraordinary discovery in its own right, the dataset is augmented by the recovery of over 200 buttons, as well as pins, needles, and shoes from excavation beneath the floorboards of the house. This paper shares research on the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Evelyn R. Nimmo.

One of the major challenges in working with museum collections of excavated material is the paucity of information available about the original excavation. What value do these collections have without any context? This paper examines a case study of an archaeological collection from one of the first Spanish Jesuit missions founded in Southern Brazil, housed at the Paranaense Museum, Curitiba, Brazil. The mission, Santo Inacio Mini (1610 – 1631), was the largest in the province and was integral...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Danny Zborover.

In April of 1522, Pedro de Alvarado conquered and claimed the Port of Huatulco in the name of the Spanish King Carlos V. Among the best natural harbors on the Pacific Ocean, Huatulco soon became the main port-of-trade for the Hapsburgian Empire between New Spain, Central America, and Peru up until the late 16th century. But this conquest was only one of many-- and one of the last-- of such dramatic cycles of domination and colonialization in southern Mexico. Drawing from Indigenous documents...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kirsten Dollarhide.

Two hours into the voyage from Crescent City, California to Victoria, British Columbia in July 1865, Captain Samuel DeWolf ordered SS Brother Jonathan to set a return course. Eight miles outside of Crescent City, a wave smashed the vessel into a rock, sinking it in under an hour—along with most of the cargo and passengers. It wasn’t until the 1990s that the wreckage was rediscovered; in May 2016, a shipping crate salvaged from the wreck was sent to Texas A&M University’s Conservation Research...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mara Deckinga.

During recovery of material from CSS Georgia, numerous textile artifacts were recovered and transported to Texas A&M University’s Conservation Research Laboratory for treatment. Unlike terrestrial locations, waterlogged sites like CSS Georgia provide a stable environment of constant temperatures, low sunlight, and minimal exposure to micro-organisms, allowing for preservation of organic material normally lost to taphonomic factors. With maritime Civil War sites like USS Monitor and H.L. Hunley...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Caitlin Bronston-Flynn.

During the excavation of Emanuel Point II, a 16th-century Spanish ship that sailed as part of colonization fleet led by Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano, a large number of wooden barrel hoop fragments were recovered. These vary in size from a few centimeters to almost 20 centimeters in length and were found both loose and bound together.  Once removed from the site these artifacts must be conserved using the best practices available. The conservation laboratory at UWF has elected to use a freeze...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Donny Hamilton.

The Conservation Research Laboratory (CRL) was founded in1978 as part of the Nautical Archaeology Program (NAP) at Texas A&M University (TAMU) to treat the material from the archaeological sites excavated by TAMU and the Institute of Nautical Archaeology. Now CRL is one of six laboratories that comprise the Center of Maritime Archaeology and Conservation (CMAC) and CRL’s scope has considerably increased with an active contract conservation program treating archaeological material from both...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carrigan Miller.

Over the course of the CSS Georgia project, a wide array of artifacts have been recovered, all of which are in the process of being conserved at the Texas A&M Conservation Research Laboratory. Each artifact poses its own unique challenges and in order to effectively conserve an artifact the appropriate technique must be selected. This presentation outlines the differing techniques for de-concreting wood, iron, and cuprous materials, as well as how to avoid common pitfalls that might be...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jared P Muehlbauer.

In 1827, the community of New Guinea on Nantucket, MA opened the doors of the African Meeting House.  The African Meeting House’s construction was a milestone event in the establishment of this thriving community of color.  People of African and Native ancestry on Nantucket coupled this with buying property, building homes, starting businesses, and founding institutions to create a space that allowed them refuge from daily experiences of racism, and facilitated community resistance. By examining...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dallas C. Ward.

Heritage as a cultural process is observed through three-layers:  people, history, and landscapes.  These layers are analyzed together to gain a holistic view of heritage construction at the historic U-Lazy-S Ranch located along the eastern edge of the Llano Estacado in northwestern Texas.  This generational cattle ranch has been in operation for over 100 years.  As ranching requires large tracts of land spread across the landscape, multiple sites must be examined and combined with documentary...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lydia Wilson Marshall.

Like Maroons elsewhere in the world, runaway slaves in Kenya were thrown together by circumstance and carried diverse social experiences and cultural practices with them into freedom.  Given this heterogeneity, archaeologists have grown increasingly interested in the mechanisms by which Maroons created communities of broader cultural coherence.  This paper explores the creation of two communities by self-emancipated people in 19th-century Kenya, Koromio and Makoroboi.    Here, I use an expanding...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Clinton P Brooks.

There are multiple issues that must be addressed during the archaeological conservation of iron cannon from underwater environments. Due to their size and weight they are difficult to transport and handle, and their size means that the cost of materials for conservation is high. The diversification of cannon types in the 19th century necessitates highly accurate documentation and recording to insure correct identification of type. This paper outlines the methods used for the recording,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth M Scott.

All of France’s New World colonies were based on relationships with particular geographies, according to the products and resources wanted by the Crown, which may be thought of as the ultimate "consumer" of French colonial landscapes.  Colonists and French descendant communities engaged with these different landscapes for both commercial and family subsistence purposes.  Obtaining, producing, and moving such resources as furs, wheat and flour, hams, bear oil, salt, and sugar required a variety...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David R Carlson.

This paper will explore the historical context surrounding the relationships between Japanese American sawmill workers and sawmill town management in the early 20th century Pacific Northwest. Japanese American sawmill workers found themselves in a highly racialized labor structure, where they were often regulated to hard labor, "low skill" positions. At the same time, there is evidence to suggest that these workers successfully negotiated with sawmill town management, while taking advantage of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Harold Mytum.

Parramatta was even more successful than Sydney in the late 18th century, during the early days of the British colony. After a short period of ad hoc settlement around the farm at Rose Hill, Parramatta was laid out as a planned settlement on a grid pattern. Several early convict cabins have been excavated, and early maps and illustrations indicate the settlement’s layout and appearance, with neatly spaced cabins and the Governor’s House as a central focus. This arrangement can be compared with...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Catherine LaVoy.

Black beans, smoked sausage, salted beef, the less desirable pig parts, garlic, and onion. These are the basic ingredients of the Brazilian national dish, feijoada. But there is another ingredient, one frequently overlooked, but essential element of the authenticity in the minds of Brazilians. The ceramic pot, holding the magic of the meal’s miscegenation: African, European and Amerindian ingredients blended together in a seemingly innocuous object. Unlike other places in the African Diaspora,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only L. Chardé Reid. Julianna Jackson. John M Hyche. Lyle Torp. Charles H Leedecker.

An archaeological investigation of a lot where a former frame shotgun house once stood offers a unique look at 19th century working-class immigrant households. A German immigrant carpenter built the house before 1853 and it was successively occupied by a peddler, cooper, and bricklayer; little is known about their lives. Prior to redevelopment, the DC HPO Archaeology Program conducted a systematic archaeological survey from August 2016 to May 2017, the "Shotgun House Public Archaeology Project"....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Russell K Skowronek.

From the littoral of Florida to coastal California vessels made of copper have been regularly found on archaeological sites associated with the borderlands of New Spain.  While described in in the associated archaeological literature they, unlike the ubiquitous copper artifacts associated with sites in New France, have not received systematic analysis.  This presentation, based on nearly two decades of archaeological and documentary research, brings the folk taxonomy found in documents into...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rebecca Allen. Scott Baxter. Jun Sunseri. Lee Panich. Charlotte K Sunseri.

Recent construction of affordable housing in Fremont provided the funding and staffing to excavate a significant archaeological site associated with Mission San Jose. When preservation is not possible, careful consideration of creative outreach becomes more critical. To fully realize the research and interpretive potential of this important resource, many voices and long periods of study are needed. Researchers from a CRM firm, three university campuses, and representatives from a descendant...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Emma Verstraete.

     During the 2015-2016 school-year, the Lindenwood University Archaeology Laboratory undertook an extensive examination of bottles that had been recovered from our campus excavation project and a donated collection. The data were compiled into a spreadsheet that included manufacturer, date range of production, place of manufacture, and contents of the bottle when discernable. In order to assist future lab workers with the identification of common bottle types and their makers in the Midwest,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Arik J. K. Bord.

In 1675, the colonial English government passed a law that established six "trade-towns" on Antigua. The law required that all imports, exports, and intra-island trade be conducted in these towns to be assessed for taxes. Of the original six towns, all but Bridgetown and Bermudian Valley are still extant. The Bridgetown site is located on Willoughby Bay on the south-eastern side of the island.  Local legend states the town was abandoned after a devastating earthquake in 1843, the inhabitants...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Valerie J Grussing.

In marine protected area (MPA) planning and management, cultural resources are often undervalued, misinterpreted, or overlooked. However, cultural resources and the cultural heritage they embody offer dynamic opportunities for improving outcomes in nearly every MPA. Whether preserving fish stocks, saving habitat, or protecting archaeological sites, MPAs themselves are a new facet in the cultural heritage of a nation committed to maintaining and improving its human connections with the marine...

DOCUMENT Citation Only E. Breen.

Over the course of the eighteenth century, consumer goods became widely available to larger segments of the colonial population through the local retail system. As access to an array of goods opened to consumers across the socio-economic spectrum, one way that the colonial gentry distinguished themselves and communicated their social standing and pedigree was through the application of initials, names, crests, and coats of arms to otherwise indistinguishable items of material culture. Recently,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rachel Tracey.

Archaeological investigations throughout the northern Irish port town of Carrickfergus have generated a vast collection of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century material culture, reflecting the role of the town as an entrepôt of early-modern Atlantic goods.  Carrickfergus was a heterogeneous settlement, with a mixture of Gaelic Irish, Scots, and English identities amongst a network of merchants, sailors, soldiers, and tradesmen.  The material culture is illustrative of the changes in attitudes...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark Freeman. Barbara Heath.

The Curles Neck excavation, under the direction of Dan Mouer at Virginia Commonwealth University, produced a wealth of information about a significant mid-seventeenth to mid-nineteenth century site. Unfortunately the collections ended up housed in a non-archaeological repository, separate from the unordered documentation. A 2016 reassessment, undertaken by staff and students at the University of Tennessee, conducted an inventory of the physical collections; converted old digital files; digitized...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah C Heffner.

In 1969, construction of I-5 through Yreka in northern California, threatened to destroy historic building foundations and archaeological deposits associated with Yreka’s Chinese community.  From January to March 1969, State Parks archaeologists conducted a salvage excavation at the location of what was Yreka’s last Chinatown, occupied from 1886 through the 1940s.  This was one of the earliest excavations of a Chinese community in California. Archaeologists recorded nine features and cataloged...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erin P. Riggs.

In archaeology, we commonly view pride in cultural heritage as either beneficial or dangerous. When we see it as dangerous—ethnocentric or nationalistic—we challenge it by producing material evidence of cultural hybridity and heterogeneity. When we view it as beneficial—emancipatory and unifying—we bolster it by providing communities with material symbols of past accomplishments and cultural continuity. This paper considers how we might de-polarize archaeological perspectives on cultural pride...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kieran Hosty. James Hunter. Shinatria Adhityatama.

In May 2017, maritime archaeologists affiliated with the Australian National Maritime Museum (ANMM) and Indonesia’s Pusat Arkeologi Nasional (ARKENAS) conducted a survey and site assessment of HMAS Perth (I), a modified Leander class light cruiser sunk by the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Battle of Sunda Strait in March 1942. When discovered in 1967, Perth’s wreck site was almost completely intact, save for battle damage and subsequent deterioration caused by natural transformative...