Society for Historical Archaeology 2017

DOCUMENT Citation Only Raymond Mauldin. Cynthia M Munoz. John Reynolds. Clinton, M. McKenzie. Megan Brown. Karlee Jeffery.

In 2016 and 2017, CAR-UTSA conducted limited exploration of a portion of a Campo Santo associated with San Fernando Cathedral in San Antonio. As a component of that work, we reviewed a summary of parish records that provided information on roughly 1,800 interments. Focusing on the period between 1809 and 1848, during which time San Antonio transitioned from an outpost on the northern frontier of Mexico to a town under US jurisdiction, we explore three broad categories of death. These are...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jesse W. Stephen.

Henri Cartier-Bresson’s concept of the decisive moment (1952) is one of the most enduring and debated ideas of photography. Defined as when "the visual and psychological elements of people in a real life scene spontaneously and briefly come together in perfect resonance to express the essence of [the] human situation" (Suler 2012, 372), the decisive moment has been explored and practiced extensively in the space of modern photojournalism. Less common is the exploration of the decisive moment in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Valerie J Grussing.

The Characterizing Tribal Cultural Landscapes project outlines a proactive approach to working with indigenous communities to identify tribally significant places, in advance of proposed undertakings. A collaborative effort among BOEM, NOAA, tribal facilitators, and the THPOs of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde in Oregon, Yurok Tribe in California, and Makah Tribe in Washington, we use a holistic cultural landscape approach to model methods and best practices for agencies and tribes to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Heather N Atherton. Kelly M Britt.

Collaboration or Consultation—while both terms involve working with stakeholders; consultation implies a formulaic, reactionary response or product that can produce negative connotations. In contrast,collaboration suggests a voluntary, shared method and a mutual goal, invoking more positive associations.  Within archaeology, collaboration is not a new practice.  Yet the task of decolonizing the practice of archaeology within academia and the public sector is easier said than done.  Through...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Andrew S. Higgs.

As 20th and 21st century artifacts, metal drum containers straddle historical and contemporary archaeological studies that will be conducted during the next 50 years. They are found across the globe as repurposed objects within site features, as components of expedient structures, as well as vernacular landscape artifacts. Although often simply described in CRM reports as "ubiquitous 55 gallon drums," archival research and field data demonstrate that not all drums are created equal in function,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert Chidester. Maura Johnson.

Yard signs proclaiming, "Family Farms Not Factory Farms!" are a common site along rural highways in the Midwest. These signs are a direct response to the tremendous growth of corporate agriculture during the second half of the 20th century and the concomitant decline of the traditional farming model in which a single family owns and operates a productive, commercial farm. While most lay people likely assume that "factory farms" are a fairly recent economic phenomenon, in reality land...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melanie Damour. Leila Hamdan. Jennifer Salerno. Robert Church. Daniel Warren. Christopher Horrell.

The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and partners implemented a multidisciplinary study in 2013 to examine impacts from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill on deepwater shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico. The Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck Corrosion, Hydrocarbon Exposure, Microbiology, and Archaeology Project, or GOM-SCHEMA, conducted a comparative analysis to assess micro- to macroscale impacts from the spill by examining microbial community biodiversity, their role in artificial reef formation, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tyler M Caldwell.

The rise of the Arabic Caliphates in the Levant and the subsequent dominance of the Mediterranean Sea by their fleets led to large scale construction of fortifications on Cyprus. Alexius I, ruler of the Byzantine Empire, constructed numerous fortifications in the Kyrenia region of Cyprus to secure the natural resources and coastline from Arabic incursions. These fortifications along the mountain ranges and ports acted as lookout positions and walled areas people could retreat to in times of a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Joseph Stoltz.

In 1815, Andrew Jackson and the soldiers in his army defended a narrow strip of land along the Mississippi River in a desperate attempt to keep the British out of New Orleans.  More than one hundred years later, Jackson’s ramparts were again under assault, but this time by land developers interested in the valuable river front property.   In "Defending Jackson’s Ramparts," I examine the efforts of the Daughters of the War of 1812, the U.S. War Department, and the U.S. National Park service to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Martin Levin. D. Joshua Cohen. Barry Pass. David Givens. Michael Lavin.

Archaeologists and an interdisciplinary team of researchers are studying the skull and dentition of a 15-year-old boy (1225B) who appears to have been the victim of a battle with Native Americans during the initial settlement at Jamestown in 1607. Specimens recovered from the boy’s teeth and jaws yield clues about diet and other aspects of daily life in the 17th century.Detailed study of the remains began with the morphological and temporal study of the skull and teeth using Cone-Beam computed...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jessica L. Nelson.

This paper discusses the development of a Dutch national identity in the 17th century Dutch Republic, as evidenced in both the archaeological and historical records, and how this identity persisted with some variation in the West India Company colonies of New Netherland and St. Eustatius. By the early 1600s, a common Dutch identity rooted in the shared values of pragmatism, cleanliness, self-interest, Calvinist morality tempered by an appreciation for material comforts, and a conviction in the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ayana Flewellen.

Alice Walker’s 1974 essay, "In Search of our Mothers’ Gardens," ask "just exactly who, and of what, we black American women are." In searching for her own mother’s personhood, Walker explores the garden as a space of self-making where formations of identity took root for black women who lived during the 19th and 20thcenturies. Through this lens the garden becomes a space where black women during the 19th and 20th centuries shaped an existence counter to what would later be institutionalized as...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Justine Benanty. Samuel M Cuellar.

New digital technologies have been slow to be adopted by the archaeological field. While archaeologists are encouraged to undertake public education and outreach, we haven't yet fully embraced the immersive visual & interactive online tools available to us. Traditional means of publishing no longer suffices as a strategy for long-term preservation of our field. While young professional archaeologists are attempting to bridge this gap by providing first hand visual data from the field, it isn't...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jaroslava M Pallas.

As North American cities underwent growth and change in the early to mid 1800s, production and consumption of food became a chief driving force in this transformation. For many North American cities, including Detroit, a defining moment in urbanization is characterized by the change in food production. Through an assemblage of faunal remains, historical documents, and cookbooks, this paper attempts to illustrate the processes of change in Detroit during 19th century, and observe the transition...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Madeline J. Roth.

Home to over one hundred submerged archeological sites, Biscayne National Park sits at the northern end of the Florida Reef. As part of the Park’s ongoing efforts to study, interpret, and stabilize submerged resources threatened by intensified storm activity and looting, National Park Service personnel excavated the remains of a mid-nineteenth century composite ship during the summer of 2016. Colloquially termed "Pacific Reef Wreck" by treasure hunter Marty Meylach, the site has been the target...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Cory M Fogg.

Gamers interact with the past, present and future of the archeological world regularly, whether they realize it or not. We can experience the past through tools, clothes and weapons. We embark on virtual quests to recover cultural treasures from fictional peoples and worlds. We can even see all the efforts that archaeologists have made over the years in these games, depicted in the landscapes and characters of our favorite virtual worlds. Indeed, video games and the systems we play them on are...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Victoria Jones. Jamie Brandon.

Leetown, a nineteenth century hamlet now within Pea Ridge Military Park in Northwest Arkansas was investigated during the University of Arkansas’ summer 2017 field school. The preliminary study of Leetown was a cooperative effort between the University of Arkansas, the Arkansas Archeological Survey, and National Park Service’s Midwest Archeological Center. The goal of both the geophysical and excavations were to identify what buildings and roads were located in the hamlet―from the Civil War...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Victor Thompson. Amanda D. Roberts Thompson. William Marquardt. Karen J. Walker. Lee A. Newsom.

In 1566, Pedro de Menéndez de Aviles arrived at the capital of the Calusa kingdom. During that same year Menéndez issued the order to construct fort San Antón de Carlos, which was occupied until 1569. This fort was also the location of the first Jesuit mission (1567) in what is now the United States. We now can confirm, what archaeologists and historians suspected, that the location of the fort and the capital of the Calusa was the site of Mound Key (8LL2), located in Estero Bay in southwestern...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melissa Timo.

Juan Pardo and his men arrived in western North Carolina 450 years ago hoping to establish an overland route from the capital of Spanish Florida at Santa Elena (Parris Island, SC) to the silver mines of Zacatecas, Mexico. Excavations at one of the Pardo-established forts (known as Fort San Juan, Joara, and the Berry Site) began in 1986. Public engagement has been a key component from the first field season. This paper will discuss the evolving role outreach has played in the continuing...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth D Benchley. John Worth.

The unexpected 2015 discovery of the Tristán de Luna y Arellano settlement (1559-1561) overlooking two Luna shipwrecks in Pensacola Bay has expanded research directions and public outreach by University of West Florida (UWF) archaeologists. Working in an established Pensacola neighborhood, UWF archaeologists have found diagnostic 16th century Spanish artifacts (Spanish ceramics, Aztec ceramics, wrought nails, armor, weapons, personal items, trade beads) across at least eight city blocks.  Intact...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Olivia L. Thomas.

The Spanish empire was the first European power to establish permanent settlements on several Caribbean islands and coasts of North America, that flourished as New World colonies and facilitated prosperous trade between the New and Old Worlds. The distance between Spain and the colonies led to differences in the lifestyles and customs of these frontier spaces. Archaeological investigations both on land and underwater have yielded numerous pieces of material culture, reflecting Spanish life and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Thomas E. Emerson. Robert F. Mazrim. Duane E. Esarey.

For nearly half-a-century Illinois historical archaeologists have been buffeted by changing disciplinary goals, compliance directives, and academic fluxes. Early efforts in the 1920-50s at Lincoln’s New Salem, French Colonial sites, and pioneer sites were classic "handmaidens to history" designed to materialize significant historic events.  The focus shifted dramatically with the NHPA and processualistHistoric emphasis in Criteria D on significance resting solely on material remains.  Given the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alexis K Ohman.

The role of zooarchaeology and foodways in plantation archaeology has aided in teasing out the details of daily life and shifting sociocultural habits during the colonial period. Plantation archaeology has also had a distinct focus on the African diaspora communities. However, the post-Emancipation period complicates the narrative even further as new ethnic communities were brought or drawn to the new labor requirements of plantations at this time. Post-Emancipation Antigua saw an influx of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only kalina kassadjikova.

During the 18th and 19th centuries, Georgetown County in South Carolina was the most prominent rice-producing region and contained some of the largest slave plantations in the New World. Working with a collection of commingled human remains, this study uses ancient DNA extraction and sequencing methods, population genomic models, and bioinformatic tools to reconstruct the ancestral origins and genomic profile of some of the enslaved laborers who came to be buried in the chapel cemetery on Hagley...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Annaliese Dempsey.

The wreck site of Blackbeard’s flagship Queen Anne’s Revenge, found in 1996, yielded a section of surviving hull structure that has yet to be fully studied.  The first stage in a long term research project was conducted in 2016, and involved the detailed recording of the framing timbers so far recovered from the wreck site.  The goal of this in-depth study is a full reconstruction of the vessel’s hull and rig, with a set of lines, construction drawings, and sail plans.  The preliminary results...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Travis Parno. Timothy Riordan.

In the early 1980s, archaeologists surveying the northern yard of the Leonard Calvert house (c. 1635) in Historic St. Mary’s City (HSMC) uncovered small segments of a wide, gently curving fence trench that offered more questions than answers. Nearly 30 years later, over the course of multiple field school seasons, HSMC archaeologists explored more of the curious feature and revealed what appears to have been an oval-shaped fence with a single post at its center. Initial interpretation has...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Piotr T. Bojakowski. Richard K. Wills.

A significant portion of the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA)'s unresolved loss cases involve incidents that occurred over water, at sea, or otherwise within a body of water.  In the context of underwater forensic archaeology, addressing these cases require a complex process of historical and archival research; large-scale GIS analysis; investigation and correlation with known incidents; and site search, survey, and recovery activities to the extent possible.  The end goal is to recover...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Linda Pomper.

I am an art historian and I am involved in the Dresden Porcelain Project.  August the Strong (1630-1730) was Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, was the greatest collector of Chinese and Japanese porcelain of this time.  His collection of over 8500 pieces is now being catalogued and put on the web by a team of scholars.  Because the collection was inventoried twice, in 1721 and again later in the 18th century, it is extremely important.  I will show some examples of Kangxi (1662-1722) blue and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James Davidson. Edward Gonzalez-Tennant.

A series of dynamite bombings of black residences rocked the communities of Dallas in the 1940s and early 1950s.  Although acknowledged by the local and national press while the attacks were ongoing, these events are not a part of the popular or normative history of the city.  Current state and federal antiquities laws would almost certainly not perceive these properties as culturally or historically significant, and their materiality could remain unacknowledged and invisible.  While the act of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kathleen L Wheeler. Thomas A Crist. Mihai Constantinescu. Andrei Soficaru. Florina Raicu.

Little documentary or archaeological information currently exists regarding the presence of people of African descent in Eastern Europe during the historical period.  Known to have arrived in Europe with the Romans, free and enslaved Africans were common members of European society by the advent of the Renaissance, especially in the Moorish territories and the Ottoman Empire.  At the cemetery site of Suceava, located in northeastern Romania, archaeologists in the 1950s excavated two sets of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Chandler E Fitzsimons.

This paper presents the preliminary analysis of material recovered from a 1910-1940's domestic midden. Located in Fort Davis, Texas, a former frontier military community, this assemblage dates to roughly forty years after the fort’s closure. The paper will address how the removal of army resources and personnel at the turn of the century lead to a change in community demographics and, in turn, resulted in new modes of economic production and consumption. Moreover, the removed location of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Becky Shelton. Bryan Jameson.

In 2014, a dedicated landowner began the search for the home of Cleng Peerson, founding father of Texas’s earliest Norwegian settlement. Subsequently, members of the Texas Archeological Stewardship Network conducted extensive archival research and field investigations. They verified that Peerson had given 160 acres to Ovee Colwick in 1860 in exchange for a place to live his final years, and the landowner owned the property that contained the Colwick homestead. Excavations revealed remains of a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Della A Scott-Ireton. Nicole Grinnan. Franklin H Price. Brenda Altmeier.

The shipwrecks of the Florida Keys draw tens of thousands of divers each year to see the remains our maritime heritage in warm, clear water. A long history of treasure salvage at some of these historic shipwreck sites has caused misconceptions about the real treasure of these shipwrecks: their connection to Florida’s history and development. Many public education and interpretation initiatives target divers to provide accurate information about the shipwrecks’ histories and roles as vibrant...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ivor R. Mollema.

In March 2017, we received a call from a local property owner and archaeologist suggesting that they may have located an old Anglo-Native American Trading Post in the eastern edges of Chocctawhatchee Bay in Florida. While this part of the bay had never before been surveyed, the proximity of previously identified sites and historical research suggested that this was a likely location for the maritime end of the Ekanachattee Trading Trail from Florida's British Period. During the following months,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David W Scheidecker.

Secluded within a remote cattle pasture on the Big Cypress Seminole Reservation sits a concrete marker from the 1940’s declaring it to be the location of Fort Shackelford, a US Army outpost built in 1855 during the prelude to the Third Seminole war. Investigations to verify the location however turned up a complex history. Historical research not only cast doubt on the marker’s accuracy, but revealed a cautionary tale of misinformation, looting, site tampering, and tribal sovereignty. Now,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only J. Hope Smith.

Institutionalized slavery helped to create the concept of race in the American mind and forced people into new social categories based on superficial bodily characteristics. These new social categories resulted in the formation of identities that were continuously negotiated, reinforced or challenged through daily bodily practices of self-presentation that included ways of dress, adornment and physical action. Because slavery was defined on the body, an embodiment approach to plantation...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael Nassaney.

The field of historical archaeology is indebted to its founders who charted a path for inquiry into the post-Columbian world. Among them was George Irving Quimby who developed a relatively robust database that he used to order sites chronologically in the western Great Lakes region. However, he struggled to rectify observations that contradicted his theoretical framework of acculturation such as the persistence of Native subsistence and settlement practices despite Native adoption of European...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nicholas Perez.

While recent scholarship gives attention to Native American agency as it relates to the Spanish mission system, the same may not be said about military forts on the nineteenth-century American ‘frontier.’ Using archival material from Fort Davis, Texas and Fort Ross, California, this paper argues for a comparative approach in studying how groups from the Comanche/Apache and Kashaya Pomo tribes employed geographic mobility as a form of resistance in the face of Euro-American fortified occupation....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lorena Medina Martínez.

The transformation and the reuse of the urban landscape of the capital of Mexico Tenochtitlan, by the Spanish in the sixteen century is an event that continues to raise questions as well as provides new data through archaeological interventions around the area that in the past was occupied by the Aztec capital. In 2016, an ongoing archaeological investigation conducted by the Urban Archeology Program (PAU) of the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) uncovered a series of walls,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Andrea Farmer. Michael K. Trimble.

The recognition that our field is based on scientifically curated national collections has re–emerged as a core value of the archaeological community.  While most archaeologists recognize curation and collections management as being integral to our field, resource allocation for these collections have never adequately addressed our national need.  The preservation and digitization of collections is now seen as key to the survival of the field and the science of archaeology.  The U.S. Army Corps...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Suzanne Spencer-Wood.

Feminist critical intersectional theory emancipates constructions of the past from the symbolic violence of minority group exclusion perpetrated by historical narratives and archaeologies focused on the dominant social group of elite white men. Social justice and equality are empowered by historical markers, districts, heritage trails, statues, conferences, and K-college lesson plans that bring to light historic sites, experiences, and voices of minorities and women who were lost to history....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alicia Caporaso.

Maritime disasters, military battles, and other significant traumatic events can develop enduring bodies of creative expression that work to preserve their memory, impact, and sense of place, and transforms them into shared social experiences even well after the events occurred. It may take the form of song, paintings, physical models, exhibitions, memorials, devotionals, novels, and/or film.  In this symposium, archaeologists and historians discuss examples of these forms of artistry as they...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Crystal A Dozier.

In 1528, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca was shipwrecked of what is now Texas and recorded the very first European account of the diverse native peoples of the Southern Plains. I present the evidence from the concurrent archaeological phase, Toyah (1350-1600 CE), arguing that the archaeological record is not granular enough to identify ethnic designations such as Cabeza de Vaca witnessed. Rather, the archaeological record reflects likely social structures in which Cabeza de Vaca traveled—a fluid...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kimberly Pyszka.

Although founded as a religiously tolerant colony, early colonial South Carolina was deeply divided between Anglicans who fought to establish the Church of England and dissenters who opposed it. In 1706, the Church of England did become the official established religion of the colony, yet tensions continued. However, these religious differences were less important in the colony’s southern frontier parishes where white settlers had other concerns, namely from neighboring Native American...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Stewart Hood.

The refrigerated fruit cargo vessel, SS. San Pablo was torpedoed while docked at Puerto Limon, Costa Rica in 1942 by German U-boat 161.  Prior to its sinking, the vessel allowed the United Fruit Company to maintain a near monopoly in the Caribbean and Latin American region.  The vessel was later raised and sunk again in 1944 in the Gulf of Mexico near Pensacola, Fl. as part of a test project headed by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and the United States Army Air Force (USAAF).  The...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sirpa Niinimäki. Titta Kallio-Seppä. Tiina Väre. Sanna Lipkin.

A recent project on the study of early modern church burials of Northern Finland in the perspective of research and preservation of human and other material remains has raised several ethical issues. We have identified several parties who partake in the interest, opinions and sentiments in dealing with this particular context including local community, parish and the government. The rights, administration, and jurisdiction of different parties involved is far from being explicit, and this has...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Justin Dunnavant.

The Wolaita people are a minority cultural group within southern Ethiopia. In 1896 Emperor Menelik of Abyssinia engaged in one of his bloodiest campaigns to unseat King Tona and absorb the land and people under the aegis of the Abyssinian Empire. Since then, the Wolaita and other southern groups have been ascribed relatively marginal status in larger representations of Ethiopian identity. In 1994, however, the Ethiopian government began to actively facilitate the development of cultural museums...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Douglas Ross.

Direct comparisons between Chinese and non-Chinese sites go back decades. However, most current Asian diaspora archaeology focuses on single-household or single-community case studies, with comparative work limited to using ethnically-linked artifacts to explore patterns of cultural persistence and change or present evidence for interethnic interaction with neighboring communities. Here, I argue that we need to spend more time conducting direct and detailed comparisons between households and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Grace Tsai. Elizabeth Latham.

Microorganism have played a vital role in agriculture, medicine, and food production since ancient times. Societies would save, preserve, and inoculate foods and other products with microbes such as yogurt that is fermented with Lactobacillus. Although their existence and mode of action was not understood until the mid-19th century, societies and bacteria have lived symbiotically for millennia. The new field of ethnomicrobiology is defined as the study of the use of microbes, including bacteria,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only A. Dudley Gardner.

The Evanston Chinatown was occupied from ca 1870 to 1922.  Evanston is located in extreme southwestern Wyoming, in a valley drained by the Bear River.  Excavations of this Chinatown have revealed a diversity of material cultural remains. Based on our findings n this paper we will present the diverse ways the Chinese immigrants adapted to living in Evanston. We will do this by examining the food ways of Chinese immigrants and looking at the macro and micro floral remains recovered from the site.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kerry Thompson.

The role of archaeology in facilitating everyday life on the Navajo Nation is a day-to-day concern for many Navajo Nation citizens. Citizens and communities of the Navajo Nation and the nation itself engage with archaeology in three ways. Individual citizens require archaeology to secure the necessary permission to build a home on reservation land. For Navajo communities, archaeology is part and parcel with infrastructure and land use planning and development. At the government level archaeology...

DOCUMENT Citation Only B Scott Rose.

The story of the life of the Currituck Beach Light Station. This story is based on a sequence of events uncovered by historic and archaeological research. This project gathered historic and archaeological data in order to illuminate potential relationships between economic and social investment in lighthouse complexes, and enhance our understanding of the multitude of factors that drive the establishment and development of lighthouse communities. The community surrounding the Currituck Beach...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew Maus. Brenda Altmeier. Charles D Beeker. Samuel I. Haskell. Kirsten Hawley.

Since the establishment of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) Historic Shipwreck Trail (HST), Indiana University (IU) and NOAA have partnered on periodic site assessments to support management and outreach concerning these cultural and associated biological resources. Over the years evolving technologies have brought new techniques from line-drawn site plans to Photoshop to the advent of Computer Vision Photogrammetry as a tool for comprehensive 3D recording. Accordingly, the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rachel H. Falzon. Stacey L. Camp. Allison Fashing. Darcy Wayman.

This poster documents infant and child mortality in northern Idaho during the late 19th and early 20th centuries using historic cemeteries as a starting point for data collection. This project involved locating and photographing the oldest headstones associated with children and infants interred in Idaho’s Moscow Cemetery. The sample was limited to children and infants under 11 years old who died prior to 1921. By examining Moscow Cemetery’s headstones, the project researchers were able to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Adam S. Wiewel.

The Mandan/Arikara earthlodge village adjacent to the American Fur Company’s Fort Clark in North Dakota is well-documented, appearing in the accounts and depictions of Catlin, Maximilian, and Bodmer, among others. The village was originally constructed in 1822 by the Mandans, who occupied the settlement until the widespread 1837 smallpox epidemic, after which the Arikaras appropriated the village. Historical documents suggest the Mandans and Arikaras traded crucial resources, namely maize, to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ruben Manzanilla. Roberto Junco. Salvador Estrada.

In 2015 and 2016 archaeological work was carried out at the historic fortress of San Diego, Acapulco, in the Pacific coast of Mexico by the project "Maritime Archaeology of the Port of Acapulco". Excavation on the outer wall yielded materials from pre-Hispanic times, all the way to the XX century. Diverse ceramics such as local wares, majolica’s from many parts of Mexico and porcelains from China and Europe, were recorded. Glass, metal and a variety of animal and human bones were also collected....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christopher P. Barton. Patricia G. Markert. Guy Weston.

Meaning is not monolithic. Presented here are different narratives on the interests of archaeologists and descendants. Focus is given to the African American community of Timbuctoo. This project, like many other attempts at community archaeology is not a story of unabated triumphs: rather, these narratives are about the challenges that can emerge through collaboration. This is not meant to demean collaborative archaeology, rather it is to underscore that through pragmatic discourse we can...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Eve H Dewan.

The Archaeology of College Hill is a course at Brown University, taught by two graduate students, that aims to train undergraduates in various field methods, documentary research, and readings and discussions of archaeological theory. In 2016, the course underwent several exciting changes. First, it relocated from Brown’s campus, where it had been conducting excavations for several years, to the nearby Moses Brown School. This paper presents the results of two seasons of fieldwork at this new...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lisa M. Dretske.

Dr. Elizabeth Scott introduced me to many aspects of understanding ethnicity in the historical and archaeological record through her years of work at the Janis-Ziegler site (23SG272). Despite Ste. Genevieve being founded by the French, the German Ziegler family resided in the town beginning in the early 19th century. In 2006, archaeological investigations went underway on the Janis-Ziegler site, directed by Dr. Elizabeth Scott and Donald Heldman.  The purpose of my research was to discover to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Diego Carabias. Renato Simonetti. Carla Morales.

Infatigable was a Chilean Navy sailing transport vessel, lost in the harbour of Valparaiso (32° S) in 1855 as a consequence of an accidental explosion and subsequent fire. Positively identified in 2005, the wrecksite designated site S3 PV has been archaeologically investigated comprehensively during the last decade. The underwater survey and excavations conducted recorded the structural remains of the hull and produced a numerous and varied artefact assemblage to be analyzed. The material...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tiffany C. Cain.

How does political violence impact civilian spaces and how can we rethink its consequences for everyday life? The Tihosuco Heritage Preservation and Community Development Project has used collaborative archaeology to grapple with the postconflict landscapes of Quintana Roo, Mexico. Our most recent work focuses specifically on an 18th-19th century town, called Tela, whose fortified houselots, roadblocks, and assemblages offer evidence of the early years (1847-1866) of the Caste War or Maya Social...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Henry M Miller. Jay Custer.

An archaeological rescue project in 1990 on the "My Lord’s Gift" site (18QU30) in Queen Anne, County, Maryland revealed a fascinating complex of colonial structures.  This tract was granted by Lord Baltimore in 1658 to Henry Coursey, an Irish immigrant and important official in the colony’s government.    Excavators found a variety of architecture represented at the site.  The largest building they uncovered was the substantial cobble stone foundation of an unusual T-Plan house with a massive...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Stephanie N Soder.

During World War II in the Pacific, the Battle of Saipan became one of the pivotal successes of the United States military to turn the tide of war. Unfortunately, this success came at a cost to the residents of the island, and while the Japanese civilian experience has been largely studied, the indigenous experience has been bypassed. By exploring the development of the construction on the island and civilian holding camps by U.S. military and Saipan civilians, the impact sustained from the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only George Schwarz.

USS Tulip was a 240-ton screw-propelled gunboat that served in the Potomac Flotilla protecting Union waterborne communications during the American Civil War. While serving, Tulip developed a defective starboard boiler which culminated in its explosion in November 1864 in the lower Potomac River, instantly killing 47 of the 57-man complement and claiming the ship. Tulip was left undisturbed until discovered by sport divers in 1966, which began a long period of looting until local law enforcement...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lorelea Hudson.

Artifacts and structures produce data for historical archaeology. They can be used to construct chronologies, explore social arrangements, and identify function and ethnic groups.  Japanese men came as laborers to the Pacific Northwest in the late 19th century, working in logging camps, on the railroad, and in other industrial settings. By the early 20th century, Japanese families (re)turned to farming as they sought greater economic opportunity. Two such first generation Japanese families, the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Andrew D. McKinney.

       The immigrant population increased in the City of Detroit between 1840 and 1860 due to rapid industrialization. The Erie Canal and rail-road expansion made Detroit more accessible to the world and was the primary conduit for the influx. The timber and mining industry provided a wide range of employment opportunities. The Irish were the largest group of immigrants. Most of the Irish lived in the Corktown neighborhood. A tenement row-house in the Corktown neighborhood, the Workers Row House...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lucas Simonds.

The Winks Wreck, located a short distance offshore of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, represents a unique facet of the underwater cultural heritage of the Outer Banks. Consisting primarily of two side-lever steam engines — typical of early British rather than American-built steamships — the site is unlike most others found in the region. The identification of the site as the wreck of Mountaineer, built in Bristol in 1835, was first suggested by local diver and researcher Marc Corbett in 2012. Diver...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Chris J. Koenig. Clare M Votaw.

Disastrous flood events can occur around the United States at any time warranting an immediate response. The United States Army Corps of Engineers responds to these flood events under the authority of Public Law 84-99, Section 5 of the Flood Control Act of 1921. The Fast Tract to  Borrow Tool is an ongoing program which strives to provide and sustain comprehensive flood response and recovery within the St. Louis District watershed boundaries. The Tool reliably minimizes response time while...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Megan D. Postemski.

Contemporary landscapes represent the accumulation of past human activity and changes in environmental composition. In the case of Maine, however, dense forests largely conceal the once agrarian landscape. To unravel the complex history of Maine lands, I consider how pioneer perceptions and activities (e.g., settlement, cultivation, or hunting) since the seventeenth century impacted and changed the "nature" of the frontier. Focusing on fauna in particular, I examine historical accounts to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Audrey Horning.

The concept of the frontier is often understood to be by definition one sided- one group’s frontier is of course another’s homeland. The idea of the frontier is thus the sign of a failed imagination; a mote in the eye blocking perspective. But the notion of a frontier can also convey liminality and lawlessness, a place apart from rules and regulations, laws and orders. If there is any truth in this construction, then frontiers might also be understood as third spaces. In this paper I will...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Stacy L Bumback.

The discovery of Culturally Modified Trees (CMTs) within an area slated for development necessitated a detailed analysis to confirm the age and association of these trees as part of the local planning process. Controversary surrounded the development and neighbors were quick to engage the local Native American communities with the goal of halting the development. At least six CMTs were identified; however, the type, size, and modification of the trees did not adhere to the typical traits of CMTs...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kenneth Cannon. ken reid. Joel Pederson. Molly Boeka Cannon. Houston Martin. Kelsey Wetzel.

On the frigid morning of 29 January 1863 the California Volunteers under the command of Patrick Connor attacked the Shoshone village at Bia Ogoi in response to ongoing hostilities between whites and Native groups.  The result was the death of at least 250 Shoshone, many of them women and children, and 21 soldiers.  Over the course of the past 150 years extensive landscape modification has occurred from both natural and human agents obscuring the events of this fateful day.  A major focus of a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Shawn P Keyte.

Fort Shackelford was built in February of 1855 on what is now the Big Cypress Seminole Reservation in South Florida. It was one of several forts built by the U.S. Army used to scout near the Big Cypress and Everglades regions during the U.S. Government’s efforts to pressure the Seminoles into leaving the area. The fort was found burned by American Soldiers shortly before they were ambushed by Seminole Warriors; marking the start of the Third Seminole War. The location of the fort has been...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hanna Marie Pageau.

Schenectady County Community College Community Archaeology Program researchers have been excavating in the Stockade Historic District, an area dating back to the Dutch colonization period. Sites located on the current property of the First Reformed Church of Schenectady, located within the district, include a house razed in 1938, but which appears according to existing deed records, to have originally been built in the late 1700s. Two primary finds have come from the excavation, including the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mallory Haas.

During the summer of 2014 The SHIPS Project UK located a wreck within Plymouth Sound.  Further investigation during fieldwork in 2015 identified the wreck as the Royal Navy heavy frigate HMS Amethyst lost in 1811. Throughout the 2015 field season a number of artifacts were recovered including a large number of copper fixings and a quantity of copper hull sheathing.  Some of the copper fixings included printed dates and manufacturers marks.  Subsequent research into copper has connected us with...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Timothy L. Sullivan.

In May 1962, trucks and moving vans pulled into an African American community known as "Little Egypt" in northeast Dallas, Texas.  Within a single day, the residents were packed up and moved out. Bulldozers swept in, making way for a commercial center, leaving little trace of the previous occupants. Who were they?  Where did they go? What was their story? In 2015, Dr. Tim Sullivan (Anthropology) and Dr. Clive Siegle(History) of  Richland College (Dallas County Community College),  combined their...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sara S. Dietler.

Los Angeles’ first public cemetery (1850-1890) was excavated over a decade ago by archaeologists during construction for a new high school. With no remaining headstones, identification of remains solely through archaeological data was impossible. However, combined with genealogical research, the study resulted in the identification of two little girls remaining in the cemetery—Lulu and Annie Jenkins. Last year, a journal surfaced belonging to their uncle, Charles Jenkins, a civil war veteran,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark A Rees.

In 1765 more than 200 Acadian émigrés from Nova Scotia arrived in south Louisiana and established the colony of Nouvelle Acadie along the natural levees of the Bayou Teche.  Joined by fellow exiles and extended family, two centuries later their numerous descendants experienced a cultural revitalization as Cajuns living in a colonized homeland called Acadiana. During the past three years the New Acadia Project has surveyed portions of the Teche Ridge in search of the original home sites and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ellen Hsieh.

The Spanish colonists created the first urban landscape in the Manila area during the late 16th century and certainly changed the lives of the Tagalog people. Although the ethnic-based residential policy makes it possible to compare lives of different groups in the colonial society, there are no archaeological sites representing indigenous settlements in the early colonial period to date. This paper shows that locally made earthenware found in non-indigenous settlements sheds light on the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lisa M Overholtzer.

Spanish colonialism introduced a host of new pottery types to Indigenous peoples in central Mexico, creating material entanglements not present in the preceding Aztec imperial context. However, the possibilities afforded by these newly-arrived objects were not inevitable. This paper examines how several households at the peripheral Indigenous town of Xaltocan selectively and creatively consumed, appropriated, ignored, and rejected Spanish iconographic and technological elements. This analysis...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Scott T. Garrold.

The use and applicability of multi-image photogrammetry was investigated to identify and compare the tool marks left on fired brass cartridges found in archaeological contexts.  The firing marks imprinted on brass handgun and rifle cartridges were used to identify the firearm from which the particular cartridge was chambered and fired. A Nikon DSLR camera and Agisoft Photoscan software were used to create 3D models of cartridge headstamps.  For analysis of tool marks, measurements were taken and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carrie A. Christman.

In 2015 and 2017, Commonwealth Heritage Group excavated the Fairichild Fish House, a mid- to late-nineteenth-century family homestead and fishery, within the boundaries of the large pre-contact site 47SB0173 in southeastern Wisconsin.  The site is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan and protected by a large dune. The Fairchild family was part of the first Euro-American settlers in area. They practiced pound net fishing, a historic and lucrative commercial fishing technique in the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Juanita Bonnifield. Wanda Raschkow. Erin Dempsey. Elizabeth A. Horton. Elaine Dorset.

On 18 October 2015, a severe storm system stalled out over Death Valley National Park resulting in a massive flood. Rushing flood waters heavily damaged roads, utilities, archaeological sites, and buildings. Grapevine Canyon, a major canyon in the northwest portion of the park and home to the historic Scotty’s Castle, was among the areas hit hardest. Post-flood condition assessments on thirty  archaeological sites determined that within the canyon, pre-contact and historical archaeological sites...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Benjamin T Barna. Lauren M U K Tam Sing.

During a recent contract project on Hawaiʻi Island’s Parker Ranch, ASM Affiliates recorded the ranch’s former slaughterhouse and interviewed several former ranch employees who had been involved in slaughtering and butchering the ranch's beef. Our discussions with them included descriptions of a beef allowance provided by Parker Ranch to its employees, a practice one of many ways the ranch took care of its own. Because the allowance was limited to specific cuts of meat, we analyized faunal...

DOCUMENT Citation Only P. Brendan Burke.

The Institute of Maritime History (IMH) and the Lighthouse Archaeological Maritime Program (LAMP) partnered for a research initiative in the Potomac River from May 12-20, 2016. The multi-phase project investigated several sites including the USS Tulip, the wreck of the Confederate schooner Favorite, the WWII U-boat Black Panther (U-1105), a 19th century centerboard sailing vessel, and a canal barge scuttled in 1862 with heavy ordnance once used to blockade Washington D.C. Additionally, survey...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hannah L Elliott.

This poster examines the faunal materials excavated from a 19th-20th century cistern at a Texas-Alsatian homestead located in Medina County, Texas. This research seeks to expand on the knowledge of Texan-Alsatian food practices in Castroville, Texas by studying butchering marks and other evidence of meat consumption on the faunal material discarded by the occupants of the house in the 20th century. As a site occupied by Alsatian immigrants and their descendants, who occupied a middle...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Arlene Fradkin. Tamra Walter.

An 18th-century colonial settlement, Presidio San Sabá was the largest and, indeed, the most remote military frontier outpost within the Spanish Borderlands of Northern New Spain in Texas. Garrisoned with 100 Spanish soldiers who resided there with their civilian families, the presidio numbered nearly 400 people. Historical records reveal that this resident population lived under adverse conditions, suffering from malnutrition, disease, and chronic shortages of food and other supplies. Analysis...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jean Lammie.

Located on the remote shores of Tampa Bay, Fort Brooke (1824-1888) represented a complex sphere of interaction among multiple social groups including United States soldiers, Seminoles, maroons, camp followers, and enslaved laborers. This paper explores the utility of third space and hybridity as a means of analyzing faunal remains and the material culture associated with food acquisition and consumption to better understand how identities were essentialized and contested within this space....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elise B Carroll.

Footwear has been considered a necessity throughout history and examples have been seen throughout archaeological sites. The North Carolina shipwreck 31CR314, Queen Anne’s Revenge, has yielded a few examples of different footwear components. This includes a few examples of shoe buckles and notably a leather fragment with four wooden pegs. The leather fragment has been recently recovered from a concretion and is presently believed to be associated with a shoe heel stack. Though the presence of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Emma Verstraete.

Decades of archaeological investigation of the Lincoln Home Historic Site in Springfield, Illinois reveal a rich data set that provides a diverse look into the community.  Archival papers of one most successful pharmacies in the town provide detailed correspondence, purchase orders, and business information from approximately 1844-1860.  Examination of available products and consumer purchasing patterns provide insight into how pharmacies and communities kept pace with national and global trends...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kristina J. Fricker. Sean C. Cox. Trevor Hough.

Ancient naval warfare is a subject of fascination for many archaeologists, but little is known about the actual warships; the lack of available archaeological material makes the study of naval warfare largely hypothetical.  The recovery of the Athlit Ram in 1980 and other subsequent finds, such as the Egadi Rams, expanded the available archaeological material drastically, and may provide some insight as to the physical characteristics and limitations of warships of the era.  The purpose of this...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lotte E Govaerts.

The Upper Missouri Basin was part of the territory acquired by the United States through the Louisiana Purchase at the beginning of the 19th century. The Missouri River was the main route of transportation into the northwestern part of this new territory. US companies established trade posts along the river where they exchanged manufactured goods from the eastern US and Europe for furs or skins with local populations. For several decades, this was a high-volume business. In order to learn about...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kevin Fogle.

The well-publicized liberation of Port Royal in late 1861 was a major concern for slaveholders who operated plantations along the coast or near potential military targets. In an attempt to keep their enslaved communities in bondage, many large planters abandoned their plantations and relocated their bondsmen to sparsely populated inland regions far from the probable path of Union forces. The refugeeing of enslaved laborers put entire communities in perilous circumstances tearing apart support...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ryan Espersen. Jay Haviser.

This paper analyses continuity and change in burial practices through time on Saba, Dutch Caribbean, from first colonization in the mid seventeenth century to the modern era.  The Saban tradition of stone-lined vaults surrounding the buried coffin is a cultural element from English migrants that dates back to early Welsh and Anglo-Saxon burial traditions, and continues into the present day.  This practice, however, appears to be limited to the free dominant culture, as it has not been observed...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Linda Naunapper.

History of the Great Lakes Fox Wars (AD 1680-1730) is embedded within broader historical narratives that are based upon early modern period primary source material. Archaeologists use the narratives to assign material culture meaning by matching archaeological assemblages to what is known about the historic past. Some decades-old unanswered (or seemingly unanswerable) questions posed by this highly complex temporal period, however, appear to be rooted in a selective use of historical...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erin S. Schwartz.

Although the term "plantation" is typically associated with agricultural enterprises, the Buffalo Forge industrial plantation in southwest Virginia evades simple classification. The antebellum iron forge complex anchored a diverse array of people and places, employing varying ratios of freed, enslaved, white, black, and male and female workers in its industrial, agricultural, and domestic operations. While extensive documentary analysis on Buffalo Forge's masters and slaves has been conducted by...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Olivia L. Thomas.

The early eighteenth century saw many changes in the New World Spanish colonies. As Spain's new Bourbon monarch instituted many reforms in Iberia, trade regulations and colonial systems profoundly affected the colonists in the Americas. The seafaring community was a sort of bridge between these two worlds, and thus a place of cultural exchange. Items for trade, or those utilized by crewmembers and passengers, would have reflected various preferences in style, material, and form, that may...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Justin A Parkoff.

During the American Civil War, USS Westfield served as the Union's flagship for operations along the Texas Gulf Coast. On January 1, 1863, Westfield was destroyed by her captain at the Battle of Galveston to avoid capture. In 2009, the disarticulated artifact debris field was recovered from the Texas City Channel in advance of a dredging project. After five years of extensive conservations efforts, these artifacts were reconstructed into a large exhibit at the Texas City Museum. This...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth Mantyck. Michael Nassaney. Austin J George. Erika K Loveland. Genevieve Perry.

The Fort St. Joseph Archaeological Project is a collaboration between the city of Niles, Michigan and Western Michigan University. The Project’s field school teaches archaeological techniques in an environment where students engage with the community to help understand local history. The project holds a lecture series featuring guest speakers and concludes the season with an annual archaeological open house. Throughout the field season, we are invited by individuals and organizations for...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ethics Bowl Committee.

Welcome to the SHA’s fourth annual Ethics Bowl! Sponsored by the APTC Student Subcommittee and aided by the Ethic Committee, this event is designed to challenge students in terrestrial and underwater archaeology with case studies relevant to ethical issues that they may encounter in their careers. Teams will be scored on clarity, depth, focus, and judgment in their responses. The bowl is intended to foster both good-natured competition between students from many different backgrounds and...