National Park Service, Western Archeological and Conservation Center (WACC) Publications in Anthropology Series

DOCUMENT Full-Text Paul H. Rosendahl. Laura A. Carter.

This report describes the archeological excavation of the first Western style structure in Hawai'i. The structure is one of the Western style features, Structure 2, of the John Young Homestead and is part of Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site, Kawaihae, Hawai'i island. Archeological excavation was conducted under the direction of Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D. in 1978. A brief summary of Kawaihae is presented through excerpts taken from visitors journals who stopped in the area during the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Edmund J. Ladd.

Site A-27, also known as the "Ancient Heiau Platform" or the "Old Heiau Site," was first proposed for study and excavation in 1963, but excavations were not funded until September, 1979. The following is the archeological excavation report. Previous work by the Bishop Museum is briefly reviewed and correlated with the present project. The work is based on the research design approved by the National Park Service (National Park Service 1977) in consultation with Bishop Museum staff and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Martyn D. Tagg.

The Oasis of Mara is one of five palm oases in the Joshua Tree National Monument and represents the northernmost palm oasis in the western hemisphere. The National Park Service has proposed the installation of subsurface waterlines from the Visitor Center to the palm stands in order to supplement the available water supply, thus protecting the trees and preserving the natural integrity of the oasis. This Park Service proposal led to the initiation of archeological test excavations in the oasis...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Michael C. Barton. Kay Simpson. Lee Fratt.

The Western Archeological and Conservation Center conducted excavations in the Campo Santo (cemetery), granary, and convento area of Tumacacori National Honument, Arizona, prior to a series of stabilization projects within the mission complex. A trench dug by C. Hichael Barton in the Campo Santo revealed a series of well-defined occupation levels from the early mission period. This area was found to be associated with secular functions and domestic activities, indicating that the Campo Santo...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jeffery F. Burton.

Between August 11 and 20, 2004, the National Park Service conducted archeological mapping and feature recording at the Minidoka Relocation Center Dump, near Twin Falls, Idaho. The dump, on public land administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), is about a mile north of the Minidoka Internment National Monument. The dump covers more than 26 acres, and contains trash and features dating to later periods as well as the relocation center era. In all, 229 trash features and over 260...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Thomas F. King.

This overview discusses Joshua Tree National Monument as a physical entity and as a cultural entity, delineating the changes in environment and land use to which it and adjacent regions of the California Desert have been subjected. The author summarizes and evaluates archeological investigations into the area's prehistory, beginning with the Campbells' pioneer efforts. Survey, concentrated in the northwest-central section of the Monument, has dominated research in the overview area, but a few...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Cowie. Laura S. Bergstresser. Nancy E. Pearson. Susan J. Wells.

Abandoned mineral lands and the sites that are on them are cultural resources worthy of protection. This guidance document has been produced in an effort to clearly explain the process by which mining resources should be investigated and assessed in advance of federal undertakings that could impact them. Included in such assessments are the identification of historic contexts to which sites might be relevant, historical research, and field investigations at a site. The information gained through...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Edmund J. Ladd.

This is a combined salvage, stabilization, and historical review of the Hale-o-Kea_ temple, City of Refuge National Historical Park, Honaunau, Kona, Hawaii. The historical data collected and submitted by Superintendent Russell A. Apple (1966) in a thesis for the complete restoration of the masonry platform, and the temple of the Hale-o-Keawe, are re-evaluated and analyzed for their archeological significance. (Editor's note: Russell Apple retired as Pacific Historian in 1981.) On the basis...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jeffery F. Burton. Jeremy D. Haines. Mary M. Farrell.

Between December 1999 and M:lrch 2001 the Western Archeological and Conservation Center of the National Park Service conducted archeological investigations at the relocation center cemetery in Manzanar National Historic Site. A total of 19 surface features were investigated: 104 square meters and 210 linear meters of trench were excavated. In addition an area of 575 square meters was scraped to depths of up to 10 cm. This work discovered that many of the rock outlines and grave markers present...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jeffery F. Burton. Robert M. Cooper. Lynne D. D'Ascenzo. Elaine A. Guthrie.

FIVE reports in one volume. 1. Dating Adamana Brown Ware Radiocarbon dating at five Basketmaker II period sites provide the first chronometric determinations for Adamana Brown ware, considered the earliest pottery on the Colorado Plateau. The radiocarbon dates indicate that production of the pottery began between A.D. 1 and A.D. 200 and possibly as early as 400 B.C. The pottery enjoyed long-lived use, possibly produced as late as A.D. 600. 2. Adamana Brown Ware Radiography Study Among...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Gary F. Somers.

Summary and survey of historic and prehistoric archaeological resources at the Kalaupapa National Historic Park, Molokai, Hawaii.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Edmund J. Ladd.

On July I, 1961, by Act of Congress, 180 acres of land on the Kona coast on the island of Hawaii were set aside as the City of Refuge National Historical Park. The park is nearly two miles long and a half mile wide. It runs parallel to the beautiful Pacific Ocean forming the Kona coast. Along the coast and inland are numerous archeological features: bait cups cut into solid pahoehoe by the ancient Polynesians: papamu, a type of checkerboard used in the game of konane; ancient house and grave...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Richard G. Ervin.

In early 1986, archeologists from the Western Archeological and Conservation Center (WACC), National Park Service (NPS), surveyed developed areas and other high-use areas within Lake Mead National Recreation Area (NRA). The 1986 Archeological Survey of Developed Areas was designated project LAME 86A. This report describes the results of the LAME 86A project and two earlier developed areas surveys, and so provides a complete record of such surveys at Lake Mead. One of the previous surveys was...

DOCUMENT Full-Text David E. Ruppert.

This ethnographic overview of Lake Mead National Recreation Area, which will serve as companion to a forthcoming archeological overview of the area, provides an ethnographic context for future archeological research and for current interpretation. The Recreation Area, which includes land in both Nevada and Arizona, overlaps early Native American ethnic boundaries, as well as modern state borders. Groups whose territories touched upon or fell within current park boundaries include the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Nancy T. Curriden.

An historic homestead was located in 1978 by survey at 123 E. Drachman, Tucson, Arizona, the construction site for the National Park Service Western Archeological Center. All aboveground structures had been demolished in 1962. This meant that the site's significance lay solely in its potential to yield scientific information through the discovery and excavation of any subsurface features remaining. The San Francisco office of the General Services Administration was quickly advised of this,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Sara Cowie. Patrick Baird. Arthur C. MacWilliams.

During May of 2002, ten mining properties and one residential camp were recorded in the Standard Mining District at Mojave National Preserve. These properties, which date from the late 1800s to recent decades, include abundant mining features and, in many instances, detritus from associated mining camps. Field analyses of artifacts, in conjunction with extensive archival research, provide chronologies of mine use and insights into mining life in this remote area. The information obtained from...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Martyn D. Tagg.

Over the past years, the Western Archeological and Conservati on Center (WACC) has been involved in a number of small Historical period archeological projects in both southern Arizona and central California. Ranging from inventory surveys to test excavations, these projects resulted in reports, which although contributing information to the archeological record, were too short to be bound and published. In order to make this information more available for use, it was decided to publish a...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Patricia Parker.

This overview describes known facts about the social and economic history of Joshua Tree National Monument from the period of Indian-European contact to the present. I summarize the archeological reports and various other written materials pertinent to the monument area, and discuss the strengths and limitations of the different source materials. Major social and economic developments are traced in chapters documenting Indian occupation and acculturation, mining, livestock raising, and the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Robert P. Powers. Nancy E. Pearson.

It has been 30 years since Paul and Suzanne Fish (1977) prepared the first archeological overview and assessment of the Verde Valley. During that time, as the saying goes, “everything has changed, and nothing has changed.” One very significant change is that, as a result of federal legislation requiring archeological survey and evaluation of archeological resources prior to federally financed or sanctioned land modification activities, hundreds of compliance driven archeological surveys and a...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Anne Trinkle Jones.

During Phase I of the project to reconstruct the Mainline Road (Pkg. 140) at Petrified Forest National Park, a two-component site, AZ Q:1:42, will be disturbed. To mitigate the impacts of the project, staff from the Western Archeological and Conservation Center conducted data recovery in August 1983. The site included four loci, two dated to the Basketmaker III period (A.D. 700 to A.D. 775) and two dated tentatively to the Pueblo II and Early Pueblo III periods (A.D. 950 to A.D. 1150). A large...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Susan J. Wells.

The fourth and final season of the Petrified Forest National Park Boundary Survey was conducted from June 27 to July 15, 1988. Twenty-one miles of quarter-mile-wide corridor were surveyed along the northern and western edges of the Painted Desert. Additional survey was conducted in various localities throughout the park including Pilot Rock, Mountain Lion Mesa and a ridge system southeast of Agate House. Intensive rock art recording at Mountain Lion Mesa was undertaken upon completion of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Meredith, A. Wilson.

The Mojave National Preserve (MOJA) plans to establish a visitor use area to interpret the cultural resources surrounding Fort Piute (CA-SBR-119/H). Fort Piute, a small military outpost built in 1867, is located in the east-central section of MOJA, near the eastern MOJA boundary. The visitor use project area is adjacent to a section of the Mojave Road (CA-SBR-3033/H), within the Fort Piute (CA-SBR-119/H) site boundary, and within site CA-SBR-213/H, a large multicomponent archeological...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Larry V. Nordby. Jim D. Mayberry. Joel M. Brisbin.

This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Anne Trinkle Jones.

Part I of this report documents work done during Phase III of the project to reconstruct the Mainline Road (Pkg.140) at Petrified Forest National Park. Three sites (AZ K:13:13, AZ K:13:19, and AZ Q:1:58) will be disturbed. A small campsite with a hearth and a small habitation site with a midden, disturbed by road construction during the 1930s, were occupied between A.D. 1175 and A.D. 1250, revealed no features and appeared to be entirely deflated. Design and formal analyses of ceramic...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Ronald J. Beckwith.

This report documents recent stabilization work at Puerco Ruin, Petrified Forest National Park. The work was completed in three phases over four years. Phase I was the detailed topographic mapping of the 100-plus room pueblo in 2002, followed by Phase II, the condition assessment of standing masonry walls by Dr. James Kendrick in 2003. Phase III was the 2005 wall treatment. Each wall was treated with un-amended mud mortar as needed and loose stones were reset. Pre-treatment as well as...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jeffery F. Burton.

During March 1992, archeologists from the Western Archeological and Conservation Center conducted survey, detailed mapping, and feature recording at the missions of Guevavi and Calabazas in the Santa Cruz River Valley of southern Arizona. The most prominent features at the sites today are standing walls of Spanish-period churches. However, both sites also contain prehistoric and later historic components as well. The National Park Service is in the process of acquiring 8 acres at Guevavi from...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Mark D. Elson.

Tonto National Monument, in the Tonto Basin of central Arizona, contains two well-known cliff dwelling sites: the Upper Ruin (AZ U:8:49 [ASM]) and the Lower Ruin and South and North Annex (AZ U:8:47 [ASM]). The integrity of both of these sites, but particularly the Upper Ruin, is threatened by natural deterioration and continued ground disturbance from rodent and water action. Mitigating these disturbances may entail subsurface archaeological excavation in future years. The research design...

DOCUMENT Full-Text George A. Teague.

This is the final report of the Vekol Hills Archeological Project. The project was done to lessen the impact of proposed open pit copper mining on archeological resources within an area of the Papago Indian Reservation, Pinal County, Arizona. Archeological resources comprise the remains of Reward Mine, another turn-of-the-century mining camp, and a Papago camp of the same period. A program of data recovery, including mapping, surface collection, and excavation, was undertaken during 1979 in...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Nancy E. Pearson.

This report describes the results of an archeological inventory project that archeologists from the Western Archeological and Conservation Center (WACC) completed between 11 and 24 March 2001, in the proposed Hungry Bill's Ranch Historic District (HBRHD), an ethnohistorical and archeological complex of sites and resources in Death Valley National Park (DEVA), California. The inventory was completed so that these cultural resources, which stretch for nearly two miles along the bottom lands and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kelly Pool.

In 1934, the Carnegie Institution "loaned" archaeologist Earl Morris to the National Park Service to supervise the repair of ruins in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, and Aztec Ruins National Monument, New Mexico. The NPS had received funding in 1933 for long-term development projects through New Deal emergency work relief programs, one of which was the Public Works Administration. The PWA provided money for physical improvements in parks and monuments, including funding for restoration and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Loy C. Neff.

Archeologists from the Western Archeological and Conservation Center (WACC), National Park Service (NPS), conducted an archeological data recovery project at Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA) as part of the Light-Rail Corridor Project (LRCP). The LRCP is a proposed rapid transportation system intended to accommodate the increasing numbers of tourists visiting the South Rim. The project included data recovery at 18 previously recorded historical sites, most of which are associated with the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text V. K. Pheriba Stacy. Julian Hayden.

A number of archeological surveys and excavations have been carried out within Saguaro National Monument near Tucson, Arizona, over the years, but the field work generally has been neither problem-oriented nor carried out in accordance with a suitable research design. Much of it, therefore, must be considered incomplete in terms of modern archeological theory and methods. Archeological activity both inside and outside the monument, however, has resulted in delineation of the cultural history for...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jeffery F. Burton.

I n the eighteenth century, Jesuits pioneered Spain's attempts to colonize and missionize the northern Pimeria Alta. Guevavi, first established by Father Eusebio Kino at a populous Piman village in 1691, was to be the first and principal mission of Spain's northern frontier in what is now Arizona. Beginning in 1701 tenacious Jesuit and later Franciscan missionaries attempted to establish permanent residency at the village. But the cumulative effects of Apache raids, food shortages, Piman...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Thegn Ladefoged. Gary Somers. M. Melia Lane-Hamasaki.

For six weeks in 1986 the authors conducted archaeological fieldwork in the Kalapana Extension of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii. The purposes of this project were (I) to continue the survey that had been started in 1974; (2) to fill in gaps in the 1974 survey; (3) to further document the mauka residential features that had been recorded in 1974; (4) to record the extent of damage the January, 1985, lava flow did to the area that had been surveyed in 1974; and (5) to acquire enough...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Susan J. Wells.

Archeological inventory survey was conducted in the Shivwits Plateau unit of Lake Mead National Recreation Area by archeologists from the Western Archeological and Conservation Center. The survey was designed to examine areas subject to impact from park service and visitor activities and areas with the potential for high site density. Fieldwork was conducted from May 24 to July 21, 1990. A total of 1,469 acres was surveyed along road corridors, adjacent to the Shivwits Fire Camp and at canyon...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Arthur C. MacWilliams. Laura S. Bergstresser. John S. Langan.

Archeological inventory survey was conducted on the Shivwits Plateau within the boundaries of the Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument by archeologists from the Western Archeological and Conservation Center. This survey was undertaken in compliance with Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act, which requires that archeological properties under the jurisdiction of federal agencies are identified, evaluated, and nominated for the National Register of Historic Places. Fieldwork...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Christopher Corey.

The Spirit of the Wilderness Archeological Survey in Petrified Forest National Park was a three year long cultural resources inventory of more than 9,000 acres of the Petrified Forest National Park wilderness begun in July, 2003 and concluded in June of 2005. Identification and recording of previously undocumented sites was conducted in four separate field sessions, each lasting for three or four weeks. In total, 6,735 acres were surveyed in the Rainbow Forest Wilderness Area. In the Painted...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Joel Brisbin. Kay Barnett. Donna Glowacki.

As one of the best preserved ancestral Pueblo sites in the Southwest, Spruce Tree House presents a unique opportunity to examine aggregation during the 1200s; a time fraught with significant social and religious changes, intensifying intraregional violence, and extreme climatic conditions that ends with widespread Pueblo exodus from the region. This paper presents our fine-grained reconstruction of how Spruce Tree House developed over time based on detailed architectural documentation and a...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jeffery F. Burton. William W. Bloomer. Lynn Johnson.

The National Park Service conducted archeological investigations at the Eureka Dunes archeological site (CA-INY-2489) within Death Valley National Park. Proposed developments to protect the unique Eureka Dunes ecosystem would affect less than 1/2 of 1 percent of the archeological site. However, the archeological work was designed to investigate the whole site. Archeological field work included mapping, intensive controlled surface collection, and subsurface testing. Over 26,000 artifacts were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Richard G. Ervin.

In the spring of 1985, archeologists from the Western Archeological and Conservation Center (WACC) conducted archeological investigations at Joshua Tree National Monument in sonthern California. This undertaking, which was designated project JOTR 85A in WACC files, was carried out in response to plans for repairing and widening the system of roads in the monument (Package 173). The JOTR 85A project was specifically connected to Phases II and III of the road repair project. Road construction for...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Edmund J. Ladd.

Covered in this one volume are three site reports for test excavations at the City of Refuge National Historical Park, Honaunau, Kona, Hawaii. Each is treated as a separate and complete report with photographic illustrations and maps, followed by a summary and discussion. Appended are two separate short papers dealing with coral, basalt, and sea urchin spine tools. Both are illustrated with pen and ink drawings of specimens in actual size. A tentative classification for all tool types...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Richard G. Ervin.

This report summarizes the results of two field seasons of archeological work in the Wawona Valley, Yosemite National Park, California. The investigations were necessitated by plans to construct new water and sewage treatment facilities in the Wawona area. Each site was chosen for investigation because of the possibility of adverse impact as a result of construction activities. However, in every case of potential impact, planners and designers associated with the construction projects were able...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jeffery F. Burton. Mary M. Farrell.

In May and July 2001 the Western Archeological and Conservation Center of the National Park Service conducted archeological investigations at the Minidoka Internment National Monument, in Idaho. The Monument was designated in January 2001 to provide opportunities for public education and interpretation of the internment of Japanese Aruericans during World War II. The Monument comprises a small part of the Minidoka Relocation Center, one of ten major facilities at which Japanese American citizens...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jeffery F. Burton.

This report presents the results of archeological investigations at Manzanar National Historic Site in the Owens Valley of eastern California. The Manzanar Relocation Center was one of ten such facilities at which Japanese American citizens and Japanese immigrants were interned during W orId War II. The archeological work was designed to inventory and evaluate all historical and prehistoric archeological resources within the National Historic Site, as well as other archeological resources near...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jeffery F. Burton.

This report presents the results of archeological investigations at Manzanar National Historic Site in the Owens Valley of eastern California. The Manzanar Relocation Center was one of ten such facilities at which Japanese American citizens and Japanese immigrants were interned during W orId War II. The archeological work was designed to inventory and evaluate all historical and prehistoric archeological resources within the National Historic Site, as well as other archeological resources near...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jeffery F. Burton.

This report presents the results of archeological investigations at Manzanar National Historic Site in the Owens Valley of eastern California. The Manzanar Relocation Center was one of ten such facilities at which Japanese American citizens and Japanese immigrants were interned during W orId War II. The archeological work was designed to inventory and evaluate all historical and prehistoric archeological resources within the National Historic Site, as well as other archeological resources near...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Martyn D. Tagg.

In March 1984, the author and J. Michael Bremer, archeologists from the Western Archeological and Conservation Center, conducted two small archeological projects in Death Valley National Monument. The first consisted of a 200-acre land survey in and around Timba-Sha Indian village, which overlooks the salt pan in central Death Valley, California. The second consisted of data collection from four sites located in the Grapevine Mountains in southwest Nevada. Although the projects are...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Martyn D. Tagg.

This report represents an inventory of the cultural resources within Tonto National Monument in central Arizona. It describes the results of the 100-percent survey of the monument, presents a discussion of previous work done in the Tonto Basin and of the cultural history and natural setting of the regIon. This is followed by site descriptions, artifact analyses and results, interpretations of the subsistence patterns and external relationships of the inhabitants of the sites, and chronology of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Lee Fratt.

Excavations conducted at Tumacacori National Monument, Arizona in 1979 recovered data that would have been destroyed by the installation of an underground drainage system in the Franciscan mission plaza and adjacent to the west wall of the mission church. This system was designed to aid in the stabilizaton of the historic structures. This report describes the surprisingly intact stratigraphy of the excavated area. Features and deposits were grouped into four areas of associated deposits and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Keith M. Anderson.

Tuzigoot Pueblo is the type site for the Tuzigoot Phase of the Southern Sinagua Tradition and was occupied from c. A.D. 1140 to c. 1400. This report gives the results of re-analysis of data from burials excavated at Tuzigoot in 1933-1934. The purpose of the study is to abstract the organizing principles of social status, a subject of current archeological interest. This project was conducted within constraints that would be imposed by repatriation of mortuary remains. Nearly all of the 411...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Martyn D. Tagg.

This report presents the results of the TUZI 86A archeological project, whose main objective was the inventory of cultural resources within Tuzigoot National Monument and a proposed land acquisition area adjacent to the monument. It states the results of the survey, presents a summary of previous work in the project area, and discusses the cultural history and natural setting of the region. This is followed by site descriptions, artifact analyses and results, interpretations of the subsistence...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Patricia A. Gilman.

Walnut Canyon National Monument is viewed here in the environmental context of the region surrounding Flagstaff, Arizona, and in the archeological context of the Sinagua culture area, with emphases on the effective environment and on the importance of the canyon to the Sinagua. Each phase of Sinagua culture history is outlined and related to the culture history of the canyon. Neighboring prehistoric groups, including the Southern Sinagua, Cohonina, Prescott and Anasazi, are discussed in order...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Anne R. Baldwin. J. Micheal Bremer.

The 1985 survey of Walnut Canyon recorded 242 sites, of which the majority were prehistoric. The first period of occupation dates to the Sunset phase, from A.D. 800 to 950, when the southeast section of the monument was most obviously occupied; there is some indication of sporadic early use in other parts of the monument. There is a hiatus from around A.D. 950 to 1066, the date of eruption of Sunset Crater. At the beginning of the 12th century there is a dramatic increase in...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jeffery F. Burton.

During August 1992, the National Park Service conducted archeological test excavations at McCreery pueblo, Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. McCreery Pueblo is a late Pueblo II-early Pueblo III site consisting of a small masonry room block, a great kiva, a trash mound, and nine other features. Over 65 m2 were excavated at the site. Recovered were 5,128 sherds, 3,332 flaked-stone artifacts, 18 hammerstones, 15 ground-stone artifacts, and 18 ornaments. Numerous floral and faunal...