Society for Historical Archaeology 2014

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lisa Geiger.

Set amidst a burgeoning downtown populace, the Commons now housing City Hall Park was a blurred boundary between soldiers, legislators, prisoners, and laborers from across the cityscape. Often lost in this picture, however, are the intimate activities of women living in the nineteenth century. Examining material finds related to feminine hygiene and health care and engaging with the historic and modern taboos of female sexuality and sex work brings to light the everyday experiences of women...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Philippa Puzey-Broomhead.

Shelburne in the late eighteenth century was a community in flux. Created out of the aftermath of the American Revolutionary War, its inhabitants were a disparate group with widely differing racial, class and geographical origins and having little in common other than a connection to the British which made it impossible or undesirable for them to remain in the United States. The process through which these individuals formed themselves into a community was chaotic and often painful, exacerbated...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bradley Krueger. Carrie Sowden.

The introduction of steamboats to the Great Lakes during the early nineteenth century revolutionized regional and national shipping industries, as well as directly contributed to the social and economic development of the United States during the antebellum period. While this boon to maritime transportation has been documented in history, relatively little is known about the actual vessels that steamed across the Inland Seas. Great Lakes steamboat archaeology has been gaining speed over the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katherine Fennelly.

At the end of the eighteenth century, lunatic asylum reform became a popular topic amongst physicians, philanthropists, politicians and architects, culminating in a series of Acts to reform lunacy provision in the British Isles. This paper will outline the features of lunatic asylum architecture which were drawn from these ideas of improvement and reform, the application of these ideas in architectural plans and management practice, and their limitations. Two comparable examples from England and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katharine Johnson. William Ouimet.

The English settlement of the southern New England landscape in the 17th and 18th centuries left a lasting impact both culturally and ecologically. One of the most remarkable archaeological legacies of the imposition of English-style agriculture on the New England landscape is stone walls, which to this day remain a defining characteristic of its landscape. By using LiDAR data, preliminary analysis has shown that stone walls are not only visible beneath the dense forest canopy that now covers...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Ingram.

One component of the Ferryland colony yet to be examined is the seventeenth-century tavern owned by the Kirke family. As affluent wine merchants, there is potential to learn not only how the Kirkes operated their tavern, but also more about the merchants, sailors, and colonists that populated the colony and frequented the tavern, as well as how this tavern relates to others in comparable contexts across seventeenth century North America. My research explores how the consumption patterns...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ryan Bradley. Kelci Martinsen.

Located within the Thunder Bay National Sanctuary of Lake Huron in Michigan, a wooden bulk freighter named the MONOHANSETT lies in eighteen feet of water. An engine fire consumed the vessel on a November night in 1907. The site was recorded and mapped in a summer field school by East Carolina University graduate students back in 2004 and was the subject of a 2005 thesis. A remarkable feature of the wreck is the existence of an intact firebox boiler situated just off the stern section of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark Trickett. Matthew Reeves.

In 2012, archaeologists returned to the ‘Tobacco Barn Quarter’ as part of an NEH-funded study of larger enslaved community at James Madison’s Montpelier. Initial survey had revealed what were thought to be armored work surfaces, possible chimney falls, and borrow pit filled in with domestic trash. Archaeologists returned to the site in 2012 as part of an NEH-funded study of the larger enslaved community expecting to find evidence for sub-floor pits and hearths under collapsed stick-and-mud...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dessa Lightfoot. Katherine R. Wagner. Andrew Edwards. Joanne Bowen.

Dog burials are exceptional for the eighteenth century in the Chesapeake, yet recent excavations at the Anderson Armory site have recovered at least six interred animals adjacent to a large sawpit while the remains of roosters and other small animals were recovered within the sawpit. The proximity and number of these burials to the sawpit may indicate that organized dog and cock fighting took place at the Armoury site. Bloodsports were popular in eighteenth-century Virginia, and the role of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Douglas Owsley. Karin Bruwelheide.

Excavation of a cellar during Jamestown Rediscovery’s 2012 field season produced an unusual find ‘ a partial human skull and leg bone. They were among discarded butchered animal bones and artifacts dating to the ‘starving time’ winter of 1609-1610. Multiple methodologies were used in studying the bones including computed tomography, bone chemistry, and stereozoom and scanning electron microscopy. Unlike skeletal injuries related to the cause of death, the bones of this English girl, about 14...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mercedes Harrold.

On June 11, 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano left the port of San Juan de Ula, Veracruz, Mexico. King Philip II entrusted Luna with the task of building the first royally funded colonies in La Florida. This paper compares the archaeological and historical evidence for weapons on Luna’s fleet and from other 16th-century shipwrecks; the Molasses Reef wreck, which archaeologists believe was on an exploratory mission, and the Padre Island Fleet, which was on a shipping venture. I hope to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Pascale Chevalier.

The CARE project intends to study Christian religious buildings in Europe between the 4th cent. and 1000 AD; 15 countries are already involved, 6 other must join soon. A team of French computer scientists and archaeologists created in 2008-2011 the online computer database that will be translated and shared ‘ an annotated database with a Wiki interface Wiki (WikiBridge), using the new generation of Web services (semantic Web 2.0), with online inputs and queries in SARQL mode and a GIS for...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jennifer Gabriel-Powell.

Archaeological investigations by William Peace University Field Schools in 2009 and 2011 uncovered evidence of previously unexplored colonial period occupation at Brunswick Town. Initially identified by Stanley South in the late 1950s, town lot 344 was not further investigated as it was outside of the area being developed for public visitation. Upon correlation with the 2009 and 2011 base map with South’s 1960 base map and C.J. Sauthier’s 1769 plan of the town, a cluster of units corresponded...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Fabienne Ravoire.

The Louvre, Versailles, through the castle of Roissy-en-France, the excavations of several aristocratic settings of Paris and the Paris region helped to highlight supply earthenware, stoneware, earthenware, porcelain and more exotic ceramics in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in these privileged backgrounds. This paper aims to better understand, through the prism of the elites of the capital, supplies ceramic affluent populations living in contemporary American colonies.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ryan Harris.

The remote waters of Canada’s Arctic host a variety of unique underwater archaeological resources including shipwrecks associated with the eras of polar exploration, industrial whaling, and the fur trade. Their general inaccessibility and highly conducive physical preservation conditions notwithstanding, these sites are now subject to increasing threat.Efforts to identify, document, and protect underwater archaeological sites in the Arctic must negotiate a number of imposing environmental,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Daniel Eichinger.

When considering Manhattan’s landscape, one envisions a level and gridded metropolis. This was not the face that Manhattan presented to Henry Hudson in 1609 or even to John McComb Jr. when the construction of his new City Hall began in 1803. Where skyscrapers now form the upper canopy and lesser buildings comprise the urban underbrush, the landscape consisted of teeming forests, marshes, streams, and many hills and gullies. In fact, the island was so hilly, it was named ‘Mannahatta’ or The...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James Moore.

In the first half of the Nineteenth Century, New England’s fiscal landscape was transformed by the growth in state-chartered commercial banks. Between 1784 and 1860 the number of state-chartered local banks in New England increased from 1 to 505. In the currency-starved Early Republic, the expansion marks an explosive growth in access to short-term commercial loans for merchant’s purchase of inventory. Moreover, as these banks spread across New England’s town commons, there was an...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Eric Tourigny.

Owned and operated by the Ontario Heritage Trust, the Ashbridge Estate represents the property of one of Toronto’s first founding families. It was granted to and developed by Jonathan Ashbridge in 1796, along a military road linking Fort York (Toronto) to Fort Cataraqui (Kingston). The Ashbridge family continued to inhabit the property for the following 200 years. Archaeological excavations held in the late 1990s and early 2000s permit us to investigate early rural life and investigate changes...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Barbara Heath. Meagan Dennison. Crystal Ptacek. Hope Smith.

Indian Camp, a plantation in the eastern Virginia piedmont, served as an outlying quarter farm for tobacco cultivation from 1730 to the 1790s. Just prior to 1800, an ordinary and retail store were built there and continued in operation into the 1840s. Since 2011, archaeologists working on the property, now known as French’s Tavern, have concentrated efforts in a field west of the surviving historic structures. The site contains a complex array of post holes, pits, piers and other features,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bradley Phillippi.

Space and society are mutually constituting. The organization of space creates and reproduces a system of relations in both production and labor power. Conversely, revolutionizing a dominant system of labor and the relations that sustained it anticipates the reconfiguring of the fabric and meaning of space. A notable example is separating the spheres of work and home under industrial capitalism. This paper reveals the implications of labor relations on changing perceptions of race by...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dayna Giambastiani. Shannon S. Mahoney.

The success of the mining industry in eastern Nevada during the late nineteenth century was heavily reliant upon regional charcoal production. Charcoal burners (colliers) converted the surrounding pinyon and juniper woodland into fuel for the smelters used to process mined ore. The colliers, who were primarily Italian-Swiss charcoal burners known as Carbonari, strategically located camp and production sites in order to keep up with the continuous demand for charcoal as the wood supply dwindled....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Serge Rouleau.

Québec remained the only port city of Canada open to ocean navigation during the XVIIth century. From its foundation in 1608, access to the city was performed through beaching sites distributed on both East and North sides. The Lower Town development was partly influenced by these landing sites and the properties belonging to Charles Aubert de la Chesnaye built near the eastern and northern shorelines were integral components of this process. Archaeological and historical data from these sites...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jacob Sauer.

Many historical treatments of the Che (also known as Araucanians or Mapuche) of south-central Chile suggest that the Che, as a culture, is the product of Spanish colonial efforts in southern Chile. Based on 16th and 17th Century texts,these investigators argue that Che ethnogenesis occurred after the Spanish arrived in southern Chile in the mid-16th century. Archaeological investigations, in contrast, indicate long-term continuity in the development of cultural patterns and practices that point...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Esther White.

The Collections Management Committee of the Council of Virginia Archaeologists (COVA) recently published a statewide inventory of archaeological collections recording where archaeological collections in Virginia are housed, what resources are curated and how these materials are used by the repositories and the public. Our survey also began to gather data on which archaeological collections have the most potential for additional research and which have the greatest potential to expand our...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dudley Gardner.

The Chinese Diaspora around the Pacific Rim in the Nineteenth and early Twentieth Century created an interconnection between Chinese Communities around the Pacific in the late 1800’s. This interaction is particularly obvious in the material cultural remains evident in Nineteenth Century Chinese Sites. The material culture left by Chinese immigrants that settled in Fiji, New Zealand, Tahiti, Chile, Panama, Wyoming on the surface appears remarkably similar. The cultural change that occurred is...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Russell Skowronek. Margaret Graham.

If one artifact signals the birth of the modern world economy it is the chocolatera. Before the wide-spread use of coffee or tea, hot chocolate was the beverage of choice in early modern Europe and the American colonies. Found in Spanish colonial sites fat-bellied ceramic or copper jars with constricting necks and shoulders ‘the chocolatera is an artifact associated specifically with the making of this comestible. The hot beverage made of cinnamon, sugar, and chocolate was beaten to a froth in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Parker VanValkenburgh.

One of the core interpretive mechanisms of Andeanist archaeology since the early 20th century has been the use of ethnohistoric and ethnographic sources to add narrative, structural, and processual detail to descriptions of past worlds. However, Andeanist archaeologists have yet to develop a sustained conversation about the role that the interpretations of texts, images, and the spoken word play in the study of archaeological remains, and the direct historical approach remains the dominant mode...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David Gagné.

An impressive number of archaeological sites have been discovered over the last 20 years in the City of Lévis on the south shore of Québec. Some archaeological sites had multicomponent levels spanning ten millennia of occupation, from 9 500 AA until the era of shipbuilding and the lumber industry in the late 19th century, known as the golden age of the city. Today, at a time of rapid urban expansion, some areas have been identified by local authorities for development in order to concentrate...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kathryn Ness.

The majority of current studies of Spanish ceramics rely heavily on a typology based on American excavations and collections. While decades of use and refinement have made this system invaluable for dating sites and recognizing trade patterns in the Americas, its focus on morphology and archaeological ceramic types does little to explain how individuals used and perceived their ceramics. In this paper, I argue that using a vessel-based classification system in addition to existing ceramic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Barry C. Gaulton.

Archaeologists in Newfoundland have been studying clay pipe bowls, makers’’ marks and stem fragments for decades. We all agree on one thing: when it comes to establishing the date range and intensity of occupation/activity, the clay tobacco pipe has few equals. However, some people engage in clay pipe research without questioning the established methodologies or recognizing their limitations. Others have successfully utilized clay pipes to investigate consumption patterns, trade, socioeconomic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Risto Nurmi. Paul Mullins. Timo Ylimaunu.

The use of clay tobacco pipes spread through the northern European populations during the first two decades of the seventeenth century and the joy of smoking did encounter hardly any social, economical or ethnical barriers on its way. Swedish population was introduced to smoking of tobacco already during the 1590 and by 1620s even the northernmost settlements were littered with pipe fragments. The 17th century tobacco pipes in Sweden were all imported, but since the early 18th century The Crown...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mechelle Kerns.

The Clifton Mansion was originally a two-story Federal style farmhouse, built ca. 1800 by Baltimore merchant Henry Thompson. The property was purchased by famed philanthropist Johns Hopkins and expanded between 1841 and 1853 into a Italianate villa that served as his summer home. The City of Baltimore purchased the Clifton Mansion property in 1895 from Johns Hopkins University. It was later home to the headquarters for the City of Baltimore Department of Recreation and Parks. Clifton Mansion...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michele Hayeur Smith.

Textiles used for clothing provide direct evidence of cultural adaptations to climate change, the roles of textile producers as decision-makers adjusting to climate change, and regional variability in strategies responding to local and regional patterns of climate change. NSF-funded project, Rags to Riches, has been examining archaeologically recovered textiles from Iceland-from AD 874, until AD 1800. Textile technologies are often conservative, yet the long time span covered by this project has...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jim Sherratt.

The implementation of new policies in Ontario regarding archaeology signals a renewed commitment to in-situ preservation of archaeological sites in Ontario. The new policies provide opportunities for First Nations to participate in the decision making and for new partners in the effort to reverse the trend of mitigation of archaeological sites by excavation to a more sustainable model of in-situ preservation and conservation. This paper will explore the historical development and future...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert Carl DeMuth. David N. Fuerst.

Similar to the construction of modern suburbs, the houses in American work camps were often built in according to standardized plans such that each house in the town was the same. This study argues that this standardization exists, usually but not always, as a result of the coal companies desire to create housing options for their employees as cheaply and efficiently as possible in an otherwise remote area. This idea of cheaply and efficiently built housing is a trait that is often mirrored in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jayne Godfrey.

From the bottom of Pensacola Bay, where the 1559 Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano colonization fleet now sits, many artifacts have been recovered annually from the University of West Florida’’s maritime field schools. During the 2012 field school, a small disc-shaped concretion was brought up in the dredge spoil and taken to the lab for analysis. Radiographic images indicated that enough metal remained within the concretion for proper conservation methods to be employed. The concretion yielded a 2...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jonas Nordin. Car-Gösta Ojala.

In the 17th century the Swedish state expanded its influence in northern Fennoscandia through mission, tax regulation and force. The state aimed at controlling the natural resources of Sápmi as well as the Sámi population. The vast region of inland northern Sweden and Finland was started to be surveyed and the first scientific expeditions were sent out in order to collect and describe Sápmi and the Sámi. Hundreds of often sacred Sámi objects were collected and brought into new contexts in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Esther Rimer.

In the 1980s, archaeological investigations exposed the site of an 18th-century plantation near the Washington, DC Beltway and now destroyed by development. These investigations suggested that the plantation’s first resident was Colonel John Addison, an Indian trader and merchant, militia officer, Protestant, and planter with extensive connections across the Potomac. Twenty-five years on, archaeologists at St. Mary’s College of Maryland are engaged in an intensive re-evaluation of the earliest...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Gilles Samson.

Three buildings and a major defensive element were unearthed on the edge of the Cap Rouge cliff. Building materials and techniques as well as their principal characteristics are presented and discussed. Research has used specialized studies such as anthracology, geoarchaeology, sedimentology, chemical and mineralogical analysis of soils in order to document many architectural aspects. Also, a comparative approach has led to the examination of many medieval European as well as American colonial...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William Farley.

Recent scholarship has revealed that colonial entanglements starting in the early seventeenth century forced New England’s indigenous polities to renegotiate their modes of subsistence in order to maintain their group and individual identities. This paper explores the means by which one particular group shifted their economic strategies to meet new challenges presented them by early encounters with Dutch and English settlers. The Pequots, who in the 1620s dominated much of southern New England,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Claude Coutet. Catherine Losier.

Since the 1980’ archaeological research concerning ceramics found in French Guiana have been focused on the objects made in Europe and exported to the colony. However, Guyanese potters were making potteries in order to provide sugar plantations with drip jars and sugar moulds as well as with domestic wares. Recently, two workshops have been excavated. The Bergrave pottery workshop is the oldest known in French Guiana; it was active between 1680 and 1720 approximately. The Jésuites pottery...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Peta Longhurst.

Established in 1835, the North Head Quarantine Station was intended to quell the spread of contagion amongst incoming immigrants and existing residents in Sydney, Australia. This paper seeks to position the Quarantine Station as one component of a colonial practice of institutionalisation. The site’s major institutional goal was the prevention of disease transmission. However, by considering the practice of quarantine within an imperial context, it is possible to see the broader implications of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Martha Zierden. Elizabeth Reitz.

Decades of zooarchaeological research shows that, in the 18th to early 19th centuries, Spanish colonists in St. Augustine and British colonists in Charleston practiced somewhat different provisioning strategies, despite similar environmental conditions. English colonists emphasized cattle and wild game, while Spanish settlers focused on fishes and other marine species. But new analysis from Spanish, French, and English sites in the Southeastern Atlantic coastal plain suggest that this was not...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paul Huey.

The French built Fort St. Frédéric on Lake Champlain in 1734 in an effort to stop illegal trade and the smuggling of English goods from Albany to Montréal. However, the French at Crown Point, with repeated wars and with supplies from France increasingly difficult to obtain, themselves could not resist the temptation to sell and consume English goods. Louis Franquet, visiting Fort St. Frédéric in 1752 and 1753, found many irregularities and recommended that only the commander of the fort be...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jun Kimura. Mark Staniforth.

Colonialism takes two overlapping forms: settler colonialism where large, or small scale, migration of people creates colonies in places with a pre-existing population and exploitation colonialism where small groups of people established trading posts which controlled economic, cultural and political, power. Colonialism can be established either by aggressive means ‘ by warfare, invasion and conquest ‘ or by passive means through gaining control of the economic, ideological or political power...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paul Gates.

The Conservation Laboratory at the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum is a year-round artifact treatment facility that is open to the public during the museum season. The lab works to preserve artifacts from a variety of regional archaeology projects. Museum visitors have the rare opportunity to see conservation as it happens, and to ask questions about the treatment process. As part of Vermont Archaeology Month in September 2013, conservators have taken more direct action in engaging our...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Natascha Mehler.

The Conservation Laboratory at the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum is a year-round artifact treatment facility that is open to the public during the museum season. The lab works to preserve artifacts from a variety of regional archaeology projects. Museum visitors have the rare opportunity to see conservation as it happens, and to ask questions about the treatment process. As part of Vermont Archaeology Month in September 2013, conservators have taken more direct action in engaging our...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kenneth Vrana. Misty Jackson. Mark Holley.

After several years of litigation, the Great Lakes Exploration Group, State of Michigan, and Republic of France in 2010 authorized a cooperative archaeological investigation to identify Site 20UM723 (proposed Le Griffon site). Based on the findings, test excavations were conducted in 2013 with support from archaeologists, other scientists, scientific and professional divers, avocational historians, and community members near the project site. This example of community engagement will be...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tom Dawson.

Global warming and coastal processes are threatening our heritage. There are huge numbers of sites at risk and diminishing resources to deal with the problem. This paper questions whether a new model of heritage management, with much greater community involvement, should be adopted for the 21st century. It is public money that is often used to work at eroding sites, and so the public needs to be better informed about the scale of the problem. Using examples from across Scotland, this paper will...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Emma Heidtman.

In 2001, the Old City of Akko, Israel was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site. This status is based on the Old City’s intact Ottoman and Islamic-era town, and the partly subterranean ruins of the once-thriving Crusader port. Old Akko lies within a larger, mostly Jewish community, and it remains a living Arabic town, where tourist shops have not yet replaced vegetable markets and the marina is still dominated by small fishing boats. Akko’s Arab community is economically depressed and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Travis Parno.

In 1801, the town of Dedham, Massachusetts was rocked by the violent death of 19-year-old Elizabeth Fales. The town, and indeed the nation, struggled to comprehend an event that seemed inconceivable in such a close-knit community. When Jason Fairbanks was convicted and executed for Elizabeth’s murder, the Fairbanks family was forced to rebuild and reinvent themselves within the Dedham community. Using documentary, architectural, and archaeological sources, this paper relates the circumstances...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Saxon Bisbee.

The development of steam propulsion machinery in warships during the 1800s in conjunction with iron armor and shell guns resulted in a technological revolution in the world’s navies, but it was during the American Civil War that armored warships powered solely by steam proved themselves in large numbers. The ironclads built by the Confederate States of America represented a style adapted to scarce industrial resources and facilities. The development and/or procurement of propulsion machinery...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bryana Schwarz.

Within the Outer Continental Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico, U.S. government policy requires that lessees of federal oil, gas, and sulphur leases conduct remote-sensing surveys in areas of anticipated seafloor disturbance in order to delineate potentially significant archaeological, biological, or geological features. This paper briefly outlines the requirements set forth in the federal guidelines and presents a comparative analysis of commonly-acquired data sets collected during deepwater...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark C. Branstner.

If size is what really matters, then every farmstead that has been continually occupied for the past 150 years is eligible for nomination to the NRHP. On the other hand, if NRHP eligibility is keyed to our ability to ask specific questions about specific populations at specific points in time, then the truly significant properties may be those small and ephemeral sites that either failed prematurely or were otherwise abandoned after relatively brief occupation periods. Using examples from the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katherine Hull.

Although uncommon, a few artifacts reflecting an unambiguous connection with a particular political ideology, social movement, or politician/activist have been recovered from archaeological sites in Southern Ontario. Often these items do not reflect local Upper Canada concerns, but rather ‘»concerns at home»’--’socio-political issues from the Irish and English homelands of immigrant families. Items such as moulded or stamped smoking pipes, buttons and pins with various slogans carried meaning...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John Bright. David Conlin. Brandi Carrier. William Hoffman.

The National Park Service’s Submerged Resources Center and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management’s Office of Renewable Energy Programs have developed and tested a geospatial tool designed to automate the processing of magnetometer data. Field tested by a NPS/BOEM team across a variety of submerged cultural materials during the summer of 2013, the tool operates via a mathematical algorithm that models a ferromagnetic object’s detectability as a function of its size, magnetic field strength, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John Bright. David Conlin. Brandi Carrier. William Hoffman.

The National Park Service’s Submerged Resources Center and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management’s Office of Renewable Energy Programs have developed and tested a geospatial tool designed to automate the processing of magnetometer data. Field tested by a NPS/BOEM team across a variety of submerged cultural materials during the summer of 2013, the tool operates via a mathematical algorithm that models a ferromagnetic object’s detectability as a function of its size, magnetic field strength, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christopher Fennell. George Calfas.

The first innovation of alkaline-glazed stoneware pottery in the Americas occurred in Edgefield, South Carolina, in the early 1800s. These potteries employed enslaved and free African Americans, and stoneware forms also show evidence of likely African cultural influence on stylistic designs. Archaeological investigations in 2011 at the first Edgefield kiln, built circa 1815, were informed by a strong consensus among historians that the facility was an early form of groundhog kiln for a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Warren Perry. Gerald Sawyer. Janet Woodruff.

From the mid-18th to mid-19th century, Connecticut’s African-American community maintained an autonomous political and cultural structure headed by elected officials known as Black Governors. Their responsibilities included presiding over legal matters in the Black community, officiating at ceremonies, and maintaining an African-based social organization that was long ignored or misunderstood in European-focused histories. Despite their importance, the Black Governors are relatively unknown to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Flora Davidson.

Red Bay is recognized as the largest 16th century Basque whaling station in North America. This is based on extensive archival research begun in the 1970’s followed by 6 years of archaeological survey and excavation resulting in thousands of artifacts being raised. Even at this well studied site, the opportunity to add to the existing wealth of knowledge presented itself with the discovery of another wreck and anchor in 2004. While in-situ inspection of the wreck’s construction and anchor...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kate Morrand.

Conservation of a 19th century Howell Mark I torpedo is currently underway at the Naval History & Heritage Command’s Archaeology & Conservation Laboratory in Washington DC. This torpedo, one of only 50 produced and one of only three surviving examples, was discovered in spring 2013 off the coast of San Diego by trained dolphins from the US Navy’s Marine Mammal Program. Designed by a US Navy officer, this revolutionary weapon was the first American-manufactured steam-powered locomotive torpedo....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ramie Gougeon.

Training new archaeologists for roles in compliance-oriented archaeology is a balancing act of imparting a great deal of technical and methodological know-how while also developing a working and robust understanding of anthropological theory. This is especially the case for students who may be working on submerged terrestrial sites, as making arguments for or against site significance will need to expand beyond remarkable site-preservation or, in the case of off-shore sites, rarity. This paper...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mallory R Haas.

The Liberty 70 project is a collection of research pertaining to the Liberty ship The James Eagan Layne ( JEL), who was beached and sank in Whitsand Bay near Plymouth, England, on March 1945. The Liberty 70 project seeks to record all aspects of the JEL from birth to her sinking. The James Eagan Layne is also believed to be the most dived wreck in the UK, and for many she has been their first experience wreck diving. One such research aspect is the history of her birth and construction from...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kad Henderson. Tiago Miguel Fraga.

The wrecks Nuestra Señora del Rosario y Santiago Apostol and the Santo Antonio de Tanná are the remains of two late 17th century Iberian warships. Both ships were constructed in colonial shipyards and were both lost in harbors of their nation’s colonies. These two ships were built to defend the colonial interests of Spain and Portugal respectively. The ships are of nearly identical size, carried the same number of cannon, and are both constructed of tropical hardwoods in the Iberian-Atlantic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Timo Ylimaunu. Paul Mullins.

Historical archaeology has gravitated toward archaeologies of identity that revolve around how people consciously if not creatively construct themselves. We focus here on the distinctive Finnish diasporan experience to illuminate diasporan identities as social and ideological constructions shaped by distinct experiences of place and placelessness. We focus on how distinctive transnational experiences across ethnic and racial lines influenced Finnish and African American experiences of consumer...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paul Mullins.

A distinctive feature of contemporary life is that most people seem to perceive themselves in the midst of an antagonistic world that denies their identities: that is, nearly everybody feels marginalized. This sense of broad marginality profoundly shapes archaeologies of identity, particularly along and across color lines. The paper examines African America as a powerful metaphor that can expose facile notions of marginality even as African America is persistently invoked as a symbol of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only C. Broughton Anderson.

In Scotland, “Improvement” and “clearing” have distinct historical connotations that define the Lowlands and Highland during the 19th century. The processes by which tenant and cottars were removed from the land were both violent and strategic. The landscape across the whole of the country still bears the removal of this population but in distinct, regional ways. Whilst conducting my dissertation research in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland on the materiality of clearing as it appears on the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sean Devlin.

The emancipation of the enslaved population throughout the British colonial empire in 1834 represented a complicated transition within those constituent societies, whereby the population was quickly transformed from bonded to ‘free’ laborers. This process is exemplified on the island of Barbados. Traditional historical studies have focused on colonial domination as maintained in this changing social context through the reinforcement of educational system, which served to enculturate the newly...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carter Hudgins.

Recent research has exposed how Drayton Hall (c.1738-1750) was conceived by wealthy planter John Drayton to operate as a gentleman’’s estate at the center of his vast network of commercial plantations that stretched across South Carolina and Georgia. Drawing from extant architecture, excavated material culture and surviving documentary records, this study will further our knowledge of one of South Carolina’s greatest plantations by examining the social, economic and intellectual influences...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David Givens.

Within the first few years of settlement, a diverse set of industries was attempted at James Fort to turn a profit for the Virginia Company and to provide a sustainable economic base for future growth. This paper explores one such industry, a distinctive type of local clay tobacco pipe produced in great numbers from 1608 to 1610. The discovery of a multitude of these discarded pipes aids in contextualizing The Starving Time and the remains of the cannibalized English girl, Jane.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Joseph Bagley.

This paper examines the lithic assemblage from the Sarah Boston site in Grafton, Massachusetts, a multi-generational Nipmuc family living in a European-style in the 18th and early 19th centuries. 163 lithic artifacts, primarily quartz flakes and cores, were identified with concentrations in the house’s kitchen midden. Reworked gunflints and worked glass were examined as examples of lithic practice associated with artifacts that are conclusively datable to the period after European arrival. The...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Justin Uehlein.

In this paper I will discuss the potential for period cookbook use in 19th and 20th century archaeology. I will draw on cookbooks from the coalmining region of North Eastern Pennsylvania, a place many different European immigrant groups were drawn towards in order to find work. The coal industry, in which many became employed, has historically been known for the poor working environment inherent to mine work as well as the labor struggles that have arisen owing to those conditions. In this paper...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Karen Metheny. Anne Yentsch.

Historical archaeologists have long recognized food as an important topic of study, but our questions have remained simple, with only fragmented links to discourse on gender and social dynamics. Elizabeth Scott (1999) used cookbooks to question assumptions about consumer choice and status based on material typologies, but the potential application of cookbooks, or food, to questions about family, households, and community was largely unexplored. Today, cookbooks and recipes are treated as...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sergio Escribano-Ruiz. Cristina P. Barrachina. Agustin Azkarate. Marisol Madrid i Fernández. Jaume Buxeda i Garrigós. Julio Nuñez Marcén. Yves Monette. Javier G. Iñañez. Brad Loewen.

When the first whaling stations were excavated in Canada in the 1980s, the pottery we bring to the discussion became one of the Basque settlements’ index fossils. It consists of ovoid shaped pots decorated with applied bands. Although the first studies showed that the pottery was not Basque, its origin has been difficult to pinpoint and many propositions are still put forward. We have been able to approach the issue in some depth by using several techniques to study pieces of pottery of the same...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Wesley Willoughby.

This paper examines changes reflected in the landscape and artifact composition of the Calvert House Site (18ST1-13) associated with its transformation from elite manor house to public inn and first official statehouse of the colony. Thirty plus years of archaeology on the site have revealed a dynamic landscape that was altered repeatedly to suit the changing needs, circumstances, aspirations and perceptions of the site’s occupants and patrons. Artifacts recovered also reveal changes in use of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nicole Estey.

The archaeological investigations at the Narbonne House in Salem, Massachusetts were completed in 1975, though the collection has still not been extensively analyzed. The 270 creamware vessels from the site are the focus of this study because the ware is a useful tool in investigating the social, cultural, and economic shifts during the eighteenth century, and it also provides a foundation for future work. Creamware was one of the first fashionable wares that was affordable to the ‘middling...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erica D'Elia.

The archaeology department at James Madison’s Montpelier plans to conduct a landscape study of the mansion front yard with the dual goals of interpretation and restoration. As it stands today, the restored 19th century mansion is interpreted to the public on a 20th century landscape, presenting a problematic conundrum. The area in front of the mansion has been the focus of a gridded metal detector survey to locate remains of the original Madison carriage road and other 18th and 19th century...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Daniela Balanzategui.

In 1586, Africans and creoles were relocated from Quito and Cartagena to work in nine Jesuit sugarcane Haciendas in the Chota-Mira Valley of Ecuador, since then known as the ‘Valle Sangriento’. In 1767, with the expulsion of the Jesuits, the enslaved population has grown to around five hundred. They created an Afroandean identity, a process of cultural adaptation, preserving cultural traits, and forming a local community with strong ties to their new homeland. Since then they have faced a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jenn Briggs. Elizabeth Sawyer.

In this paper, we examine the spatial relationships between cross-mended sherds in a given object to evaluate depositional practices between structures and work areas on Monticello’s Mulberry Row. When object distributions are evaluated in conjunction with previously established site chronologies, we are able to evaluate temporal patterns between archaeological deposits. With this, we challenge the traditional assumption of synchronicity between contexts that contain fragments of a given...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Audrey Horning.

‘In other countries the past is the neutral ground of the scholar and the antiquary, with us it is the battlefield.’ The Nation, Dublin 1852. Questions of nationalism and identity are inescapable within Irish archaeology, with interpretations of all sites shaped by the convoluted relationship between Britain and Ireland. Nationalist rhetoric in the Republic ensured that archaeological research prioritised periods predating English control, while in Northern Ireland the unresolved conflict...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Zachary Chase.

The combination of Colonial Spanish preoccupations with establishing written, historical records, and late prehispanic and colonial Andean practices of codifying and communicating the past through means other than writing proper permits interrogation of the very semiotic and epistemological notions involved in constructing and reconstructing the archaeological and historical past. This paper addresses the conference and session themes by investigating different forms, content, meanings, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Fernando Astudillo.

Colonial landscapes are the materialization of conquest. Ornamental gardens and agricultural fields are some of its most evident manifestations. These small-scale landscapes are the physical representations of the triumph over nature. They were created and conceptualized to replicate the sociopolitical and socioeconomic structures of the political centres. The physical aspects of the cultivated fields are then visual representations of imposed sociopolitical structures and concomitant class...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Valerie Grussing.

Most marine protected areas (MPAs) in the U.S. were established to protect biological diversity and ecosystem resources, and MPA managers and staff often lack expertise on cultural resource management. The Cultural Heritage Resources Working Group of the MPA Federal Advisory Committee produced a white paper recommending a Cultural Landscape Approach for integrated management of cultural and natural resources within the National MPA System. Now, the group is taking the next step to put cultural...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Whitney Battle-Baptiste.

How does African Diaspora archaeology factor into the realities of African descendant communities outside of the United States? How does African Diaspora archaeology engage with the challenges of tourist-based economies? Through the infusion of critical heritage studies and expanding the scope of our work to include post-emanicpation sites, the questions (and answers) we ask have to change. This paper will discuss the early stages of a community-based archaeological project on the island of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Megan Lickliter-Mundon.

Aviation archaeology as a field of study has struggled for academic, professional, and public acceptance since its beginning. In some ways, this sub-discipline of historical or underwater archaeology mirrors the development of nautical archaeology. As nautical archaeologists overcame the barrier of the oceans and pioneered methodology, the proponents of aviation archaeology are using the discipline to overcome barriers of perception and tradition. The practice of aviation archaeology, however,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William R. Fowler.

Reflexionando sobre 25 años de experiencia y dos proyectos arqueológicos principales dirigidos a sitios de la época colonial temprana de El Salvador, pretendo ofrecer una caracterización de una arqueología histórica que se preocupa por “las preguntas que cuentan.” El Proyecto Arqueológico Izalco (1988-1993) consistió de un reconocimiento regional y excavaciones en los sitios coloniales de Tacuscalco y Caluco. El enfoque teórico era de economía política. El Proyecto Arqueológico Ciudad Vieja...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jessica Goodwin.

In 2012, an abandoned well was discovered beneath the porch at the Cyrus Jacobs-Uberuaga House in Boise, Idaho. The house, now a part of the Basque Museum and Cultural Center, is already a cultural and historical landmark, both for its importance to Boise’s early history and its Basque population. The nearly 16,000 artifacts recovered in 2012 shed light on the house’s earliest occupation by the Jacobs family, from 1864-1907. The material culture of the Jacobs family reflects how they were...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Stéphane Piques. Jean-Michel Minovez.

L’étude de la céramique moderne en Midi toulousain s’est considérablement développée ces vingt cinq dernières années. Après une première rencontre en 1989, et un Projet Collectif de Recherche en 1999-2003 la constitution d’un deuxième PCR en 2013, intitulé Céramique en Midi toulousain, production, circulation, consommation, du XVIe au XXe siècle, sous la direction de Jean-Michel Minovez, a pour objectif l’inventaire et l’étude historique et archéologique des sites de production. Trois centres...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Luke Pecoraro.

English colonization of Virginia has been characterized as boldly intrusive, spreading outquickly from the first toehold at Jamestown into the hinterlands and leading to openhostility with native peoples almost from the start. The tactics used and methods employed in colonizing Virginia were not new; many of the Jamestown venturers werethemselves involved in plantation efforts in the late 16th/early 17th centuries in Ireland.While it has long been known that there are direct historical links...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Eric Swanson.

Two merchant ships, S.S. R.W. Gallagher and S.S. Cities Service Toledo, were sunk by German U-Boats in the Gulf of Mexico in 1942. They were investigated for their historical significance under a project led by BOEM/BSEE archaeologists in 2010. These two shipwreck sites provide an opportunity to analyze maritime casualties within the broader framework of battlefield archaeology. Furthermore, they provide examples of capsizing events that help explain why ships end up inverted on the sea...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Yanik Blouin.

The use of GIS in archaeology begins in the middle of the 1990th decade, but we must wait until the XXIth century before GIS applications take more spaces in the analysis of archaeological data. Also, since the last ten or fifteen years, most universities with an archaeological program offers courses in ‘geomatic’ applications. But what happens with all this scholarship on the field of real life?Unfortunately, the use of ‘new’ technologies doesn’t match with the applied practice in the province...

DOCUMENT Citation Only André Robichaud. Colin Laroque.

Land reclamation of marshlands for farming using ‘aboiteaux’ is a distinctive trait of Acadian culture. The dyke and drainage techniques were used early during colonization at Port-Royal and spread in all Acadian settlements around the Bay of Fundy where saltmarshes abound, particularly at Grand-Pré blessed with a most suitable environment and where settlers developed an extensive and remarkable farming system. After deportation, Acadians that resettled in the Maritimes continued to dyke salt...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Madeleine Gunter.

Seventeenth-century native communities along the modern-day Virginia/North Carolina border occupied a pivotal place on the Southeastern U.S. geopolitical landscape. On the periphery of Occaneechi-controlled fur trading networks, Siouan groups like the Sara maintained ties with the eastern Occaneechi through a complex web of social connections and trade networks. Despite their prominent place on the landscape, these groups are poorly understood ethnographically and largely ignored in historical...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nicole Lane.

During the Victorian Era, the concept of childhood followed a set of rules and values dictated by white upper and middle-class society. When the Industrial Revolution started around 1840, toys could be mass-produced, allowing larger quantities to be distributed among both urban and rural areas at a cheaper cost. This allowed a greater abundance of working-class African-American families to purchase toys for their children. Not only could they now afford toys, but since mortuary hardware was also...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paola Calderoni.

Ce poster porte sur les résultats d’un diagnostic réalisé à Harfleur, ancienne ville portuaire située dans l’estuaire de la Seine près du Havre en Normandie. Des installations liées au travail de l’argile ont été découvertes sur une parcelle jouxtant la faïencerie Decaen qui a fonctionné entre 1802 et 1821. Une des structures a livré des biscuits d’assiettes en faïence fine. Cette production n’était connue que d’après la description des échantillons, présentés à l’exposition de Paris de 1806...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth Martin.

This study explores themes of identity construction by examining the historic community known as Dogtown located within the city of Gloucester, Massachusetts. The neighborhood was populated mainly by small English farming families until the end of the 18th century. At that time a demographic shift brought in more low-income, non-farming families and a group of aging, single women. While it seems likely that these residents were still treated as part of a larger, albeit somewhat different,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Neil Norman.

Recent scholarship has brought attention to the centrality of Africa and Africans in making the Atlantic world, as well as the cosmopolitan complexity centered in and around African cities. In building on the momentum of these efforts, research efforts around the Huedan palace complex at Savi revealed the material residue of political and economic ties between town and countryside. The efforts, quite surprisingly, also revealed Atlantic-era archaeological deposits underlain by material dating...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Justin Eichelberger.

The presence of beverage alcohol containers and smoking pipes recovered from the Fort Yamhill company kitchen is undeniable evidence for the consumption of such indulgence items at this military post. The historical and archival record is not only laden with evidence of this behavior but also suggests that these forts were punctuated by periods of the institutional prohibition concerning the consumption of alcohol while the consumption of tobacco was actively encouraged. The spatial distribution...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Caitlin Coleman.

The Bishop’s Block site (AjGu-49) in downtown Toronto contained the almost untouched foundations of four urban townhouses dated from the mid-to-late 19th century. The 2007 salvage excavation uncovered how these buildings transformed from upper middle class houses to mixed-use dwellings and working class homes by the beginning of the twentieth century. The Bishop’s Block site offers many completely intact and intriguing artifacts, one of which is a white ceramic toothpaste container. This...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Georgina DeWeese. Henri Grissino-Mayer. W. Jeff Bishop.

The understanding of settlement patterns of Native Americans in northern Georgia has largely come from historic documents, land deeds and records, and in some cases creative speculation. Documenting sites in northern Georgia that are related to the Trail of Tears would promote the importance of the state in the history of Cherokee removal, which has long been overlooked. By using dendroarchaeological techniques, wood collected from historic sites and structures can be dated using the tree rings...