PaleoResearch Institute

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney. Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Seven surface control samples from various plant communities on The Las Vegas Springs Preserve, Nevada, were analyzed for pollen, phytoliths, and macrofloral remains. One sample each was analyzed from meadow, bosque, creosote/bursage, saltbush, riparian, and mixed communities at 26CK948, while a single sample was examined from a mixed community at 26CK949. These samples were selected both to provide pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral signatures for the various plant micro-communities in the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Samples from agricultural rock piles at Sites AZ EE:6:47 (ASM), AZ EE:6:48 (ASM), and AZ EE:6:49 (ASM) were examined for pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral remains. In addition, soil from the modern surface at Site AZ EE:6:47(ASM) was collected to provide a control for the feature samples. These sites are part of the Beck Land Exchange project in southeastern Arizona. No ceramics were found associated with these sites; however, they are believed to represent Hohokam use of the area....

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost.

A Native American housepit (Feature 57) associated with Mission Santa Clara was discovered during excavations at the Leavy School of Business on the Santa Clara University in southern California. Feature 57 is the first Native American house to be identified archaeologically at Mission Santa Clara. Pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral analyses were conducted on a single soil sample collected from the housepit floor (Context 168). A floated light fraction sample also from Context 168 was...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost.

Fill samples from a house cellar, a stone-lined privy, a wood-lined privy, and a dog burial at site 13DB575 in northeast Iowa were examined for pollen, phytoliths, and macrofloral remains. Parasite analysis also was undertaken on the privy fill samples. Wood from an entry step into the house cellar and from the wood lining and floor of the privy were submitted for identification. In addition, a single sample, examined for pollen and phytoliths, was recovered from an area believed to represent...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Sky Aerie Promontory (5RB104) and the Rimrock Hamlet Promontory (5RB2792) are Fremont sites located on the Douglas Creek Arch near Rangely in northwestern Colorado. Radiocarbon ages indicate the sites were occupied between the late AD 800s through AD 1005. Pollen, phytolith, starch granule, and macrofloral analyses were undertaken to identify elements of the subsistence base at these sites.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Samples from two columns at Unai Chulu (White Beach 2) on Tinian Island were examined for pollen and phytoliths. Fill from features and from units in the various strata at the site also were sampled for macrofloral remains. This site appears to have been extensively occupied over a long period of time, with radiocarbon dates ranging from about BC 1530 - AD 380. Pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral analyses are used to provide information concerning prehistoric vegetation and possibly...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Soil samples from 22 prehistoric sites in the Carlota Mine project in southeast Arizona were examined for pollen, phytolith, or macrofloral remains. The 22 prehistoric sites represent pre- Classic Hohokam and Classic period Salado occupations of the area. Pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral analyses are used to provide information concerning cultivated and native plant resources utilized by the various occupants of these sites, as well as possible limited information concerning Pre-Classic...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Six paired pollen and phytolith samples and two macrofloral samples were examined from sod preserved beneath Historic Structures 7 and 8 at Ft. Larned National Historic Site, Kansas. Microscopic evaluation of botanic remains (pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral remains) from this sod was undertaken to identify plants that grew as part of the local prairie vegetation at the time these structures were built. The pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral studies were expected to contribute different...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Eight bulk soil samples from the Bradbury Dam slurry wall trench in the bed of the Santa Ynez River, southern California, were floated to recover macrofloral remains, especially potentially radiocarbon datable material. The sample from Station 5+10 spoil also was examined for pollen and phytoliths. The Santa Ynez River is believed to have experienced periodic episodes of swamping due to local tectonic activity that drops the level of the river bed and slows the flow of the river. In...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost. R.A. Varney.

Five ceramic sherds recovered from a pit feature at site 31CY3 in North Carolina were submitted for organic residue analysis, along with a sixth sherd with charred residue for ceramic analysis and AMS radiocarbon dating. The ceramic sherds were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Two sediment samples, one representing fill from a second pit feature dating to the late Archaic, and the other a soil control sample from the modern ground surface, were also...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Archaeological testing of site 11MG423 was undertaken as part of work in the Woods Creek Valley. Cultural material was noted at depths between 230 and 260 cm below the surface within a buried soil. A late Middle Archaic occupation was associated with this occupation about 5000 BP (approximately 6000 calendar years BP). Pollen, phytolith, and organic residue analysis, using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry) examined a few soil samples from site 11MG423 in Morgan County, Illinois...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Ceramic sherds from a single vessel were submitted for pollen, phytolith and organic residue analysis, along with mammal bone fragments for AMS radiocarbon dating. The ceramic sherds were tested for organic reside using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine materials the vessel contained.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Fill from two features from site LA 159599, Eddy County, New Mexico were submitted for pollen, phytolith, and organic residue analysis. Samples were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A soil control sample recovered from the ground surface was also submitted for pollen analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Sediment samples from two sites, LA 99434 and LA 154539, in Eddy County, New Mexico were submitted for pollen, phytolith, and organic residue analysis. Six feature fill samples from two buried stains and a control sample from site LA 99434 were analyzed for pollen, phytoliths, and organic residues. Two stained sediment feature fill samples and a control sample from site LA 154539 were tested for pollen only.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Paul M. Miller.

The Fort Argyle Site (9BN28) is situated upon a bluff on the west bank of the Ogeechee River on the eastern margin of the modern Fort Stewart US Army Reservation in Bryan County, Georgia. The site contains the historical Fort Argyle, which was an important early colonial outpost (AD 1733–1767). Eleven sediment samples collected primarily from palisade trenches were submitted for pollen and phytolith analysis in conjunction with Phase III archaeological work. In addition, individual samples...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

A privy was excavated and sampled for pollen, phytoliths, and parasite eggs. Use of the privy may date between 1865 and 1891-1896. Privy fill from levels 3, 6, and 8 was examined for pollen, phytolith, and parasites to identify elements of the diet and parasites present. Levels 3 and 6 date from the 1870s and 1880s, while level 8 represents the Civil War period. Pollen and phytolith analysis was undertaken to identify foods consumed and/or discarded in the privy. Parasite eggs were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Privies associated with Moore House and Kirmse House, as well as trash dumps, were examined for pollen, phytoliths, starch granules, and/or parasites. Ten pollen/parasite samples were examined to identify foods and medicines that may have been ingested. Weeds, cultivated plants, and native vegetation also are expected to be visible in these samples. Evidence of parasite eggs was sought to identify any parasitic infestation that might have been present. Two trash deposit also were examined...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Camp Pendleton Basewide Water Infrastructure Improvements Project yielded flaked stone and ground stone tools for analysis to assess their use. Tools were collected from three sites (CA-SDI-21271, CA-SDI-21282, and CA-SDI-21517). Protein residue analysis addresses evidence of proteins from animals and a few plants, while pollen, phytolith, and starch analysis targeted use of plants (pollen) including grasses (phytoliths) and seeds and underground storage organs (starch).

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jennifer L.B. Milligan.

The Black Hank Site (24RB2339) consists of a large prehistoric camp along with minimal historic remains in the vicinity of possible foundation stones. The site occupies an irregular area spanning a high terrace and low bench southwest of the confluence of an unnamed ephemeral stream and Black Hank Creek in Rosebud County, Montana. Prehistoric cultural materials at the site include lithics, scattered pieces of oxidized sandstone, and possible fire cracked rock (FCR). Brown glass and a .22 short...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Two pollen, two phytolith, and twelve protein residue samples were examined from ten sites in the Kahikinui District of Maui. The Kahikinui District has been described as vegetatively barren at the time of contact (Kirch and Gilder, 1996:38-40). Pollen and phytolith analyses focused on identification of plants that may have been exploited by occupants of four of these sites. Protein residue studies were conducted on artifacts including teeth, bone, and adzes to identify animals that may...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Pollen, phytolith, and/or protein residue analysis were conducted on a variety of tools and associated soil controls from Rancho Verde, Site W-240, in southern California. Site W-240 exhibits both a Paleo-lndian (San Dieguito) assemblage and an Archaic assemblage. Current debate ranges over whether the groundstone belongs to the Archaic occupation or the Paleolndian occupation. Pollen, phytolith, and protein residue analyses were conducted at this site to assist in identifying the range of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Rosa Maria Albert.

A stratigraphic column from Site 48YE697 on the north shore of Yellowstone Lake was sampled for pollen and phytoliths. This column sequence is believed to represent the entire Holocene, with bottom samples possibly representing the Holocene-Pleistocene transition. A soil sample from beneath a butchered bison skull with a radiocarbon date of 800 + 60 BP also was sampled for pollen and phytoliths. Pollen and phytolith analyses of these column and soil samples are used to address questions...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Rosa Maria Albert.

Pollen and phytolith analyses were conducted on samples from three sites within the Sanders rural community expansion area in Apache County, Arizona. Analysis was undertaken to answer research questions concerning cultural processes of site formation, to assist in determining regional development of Pueblo II and Pueblo III transition, to assist in identifying prehistoric cultural exchange, to identify evidence of past environment including vegetation and agricultural practices, and to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux. Kathryn Puseman.

A single piece of groundstone recovered from the Fishing Bridge site (48YE1) on the north shore of Yellowstone Lake was analyzed for pollen, phytoliths, and possible protein residue in an effort to detect prehistoric use of this tool. A sediment sample was subjected to the same tests as a control.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux. Kathryn Puseman.

A metate was collected during monitoring at CA-ORA-1006, near the corner of el Toro Road and Moulton Parkway in Laguna Hills, California. The metate was broken into several pieces, one of which was submitted for analysis. Pollen, phytolith, and protein residue studies were conducted on this metate fragment in an effort to identify its use by occupants of this site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Artifacts from eight sites in the 4S Ranch Project in San Diego County, southern California were analyzed for pollen, phytoliths, or protein residues. Column samples also were floated to recover charred macrofloral remains. The project area is located on the first range of hills rising above the Pacific Ocean and contains over 20 archaeological sites. Soil samples from these sites yielded uncalibrated conventional radiocarbon dates ranging from 7400 + 140 BP to 300 + 60 BP. The project area...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. R.A. Varney.

Site 48AB18 represents a buried prehistoric occupation on the top and north side of north-trending Strouss Hill in southeast Wyoming. First identified in 1980, this site has a long history of archaeological investigation. The upper component was radiocarbon dated to 1555 ± 75 BP during a previous investigation, while the lower component is anchored by recovery of a McKean-type point suggesting occupation during the Middle Archaic. Three pieces of groundstone were washed to recover pollen,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Rosa Maria Albert.

Washes from three mortars associated with burials and from two isolated mortars at Site CA-SCL-732 near San Jose, California, were examined for pollen, phytoliths, and protein residues. This site is a cemetery with numerous burials. Radiocarbon dates range from 4370 + 90 to 230 + 60 BP, with the majority of dates ranging from 2340 + 80 to 1770 + 90 BP. Pollen and phytolith analyses were conducted on washes from these mortars to determine types of plants ground, while protein residue...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. R.A. Varney.

Samples collected as part of the Waikiki 88 AIS AMC Ewa Expansion project in Honolulu. Six samples were examined using resistivity to determine whether or not they represented salt pans. Five samples were examined for pollen and one was examined for phytoliths to identify local vegetation and use of the areas tested.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The San Joaquin River Pergola Site, located in northern Fresno County, includes three artifact concentrations, a diffuse artifact scatter, and an area of displaced artifacts. The site is situated atop a stabilized, well-sorted sand dune that does not exhibit stratigraphy. Groundstone, comprising metates, mortars, nether or lapstones, handstones (manos and pestles), and hammerstones were recovered. Six pieces of groundstone were submitted for pollen and starch or phytolith and starch analysis to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

A total of seven ground stone wash samples were submitted for pollen, starch, and phytolith analysis from sites NLIP 45 and NLIP 44, located near Sacramento, California. Washes of the artifacts were conducted by the staff of AECOM and then submitted to PRI for laboratory analysis. The goal of this study is to identify plant remains from the working surfaces of these tools that may provide data useful in assessing tool function and resource availability.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jenna Battillo.

Earth Mounds 33 and 34 are located in the Wathayn locality on the Weipa Peninsula of northern Cape York in Queensland, Australia. Evidence suggests that occupation of the earth mounds at Wathayn began after 2000 BP, with the height of occupation occurring between 500 and 100 BP. Use of the earth mounds on the Weipa Peninsula continued well after European settlement, with evidence for Aboriginal adoption of new technologies suggestive of occupation into the modern era (Stevenson et al. 2015:28)....

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A metate from site CA-VEN-395, a multicomponent site exhibiting prehistoric and historic occupation in the Santa Monica Mountains, was submitted for pollen, phytolith, and starch analysis to assess use of this grinding tool for grinding plant resources.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Studies of foodways for both the Oneota and Mississippian people include description of ceramic vessels. Warfare/violence has been documented at the Norris Farms 36 cemetery. The adjacent Morton Village contains unquestionable evidence of in-migration of Oneota people, creating a record of co-habitation. Investigation of interactions between these people currently includes examining a sub-set of the ceramic assemblage that is linked to the alteration of Oneota foodways. Four vessels were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Sites 24ME333 and 24ME334 represent multiple occupations found in wetlands associated with springs. These features represent repeated occupations approximately 800, 2100, and 2600 years ago. Three features and two control samples were examined for pollen, phytoliths, and starch granules that might indicate what plants, if any, were processed. Bulrush is an abundant resource along the South Fork of the Smith River in eastern southwestern Montana and is suspected to have been an important...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 41HE338, located northeast of Poynor in southeastern Henderson County, Texas, occupies an ecotone between the Pineywoods and Post Oak Savanna ecological regions of East/Northeast Texas. Situated on a generally level Pleistocene strath terrace above Caddo Creek at an elevation of approximately 137 m (450 ft) above mean sea level (amsl) and approximately 15 m (50 ft) above the Caddo Creek floodplain, this site has been occupied intermittently since the Paleoindian period. Radiocarbon dates...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Located on a highly undulating plain, amid interfluvial ridges and broad, shallow valleys, Site 48CR9599 represents a small prehistoric camp situated at the toe of a low, sand-covered hill in the Washakie Basin. Identified through 2009 WFS Coal Bank 5-50 pipeline monitoring, Site 48CR9599 lies between Sugarloaf Butte and Coal Bank Draw, demonstrating charcoal stained sediment dating to 1290 ± 40 BP, the Late Prehistoric Uinta phase. Subsequent testing identified six hearth features (Jan...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Paul M. Miller.

As designed for the Intercontinental Potash, Inc. (ICP) Ochoa Project, a proposed ICP plant facility will be built approximately 2 km east of the Double X Ranch and 35 km west of the town of Jal in Lea County, New Mexico. Samples from three prehistoric sites (LA 108617, LA 172154, and LA 172155), collected during cultural resource data recovery, were submitted for phytolith and starch analyses. In addition to phytolith and starch analyses, pollen analysis was performed on three of the seven...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site CA-030-2147 is a small rockshelter situated in the foothills of the Klamath Mountains near the town of Hornbrook in Siskiyou County, California. The rockshelter was occupied between the late prehistoric and early historic period. A sample collected from the shelter was submitted for pollen, phytolith, and starch analysis to identify evidence of local vegetation and possibly use. In addition, a “pinch” sample was collected in the vicinity of the shelter to provide control for the pollen...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three combination pollen, starch, and phytolith samples were examined from three separate pits at site IBB S4 on Tinian. Pollen, starch, and phytoliths were examined from these pits in an effort to identify whether or not any were agricultural pits or perhaps used in processing agricultural crops grown in this area. Occupation is dated to the end of the transitional Pre-Latte/Early Latte Phase, anchored by a radiocarbon age of AD 690-790 on charcoal recovered from the large pit represented...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

Two groundstone tools from Santa Sylvia, Chile, were washed to recover pollen, phytoliths, and starch. The washes were conducted in Chile and the resulting residue was dried and sent to PaleoResearch Institute for analysis. The goal of the analysis was to identify pollen, plant opal phytoliths, and starch grains that may be derived from plant material processed with these tools.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Human teeth with visible dental calculus were submitted for pollen, phytolith and starch grain analysis from the Nemrik 9 site, located in Northern Iraq. The samples comprise single and multiple teeth from 11 different contexts. Nemrik 9 is a pre-pottery neolithic site on the eastern edge of the Fertile Crescent. The goal of this analysis is to provide subsistence information and data useful for better understanding the origins of agriculture in this region.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Feature fill sediment samples and groundstone tools from site LA 159879, Luna County, New Mexico, were submitted for various combinations of pollen, phytolith, and starch grain analysis. Archaeological field investigations at LA 159879 suggest that the site represents the remains of a Late Archaic period base camp. The camp is located on the Deming Flood Plain inside the greater Mimbres Bolson. This analysis was undertaken to recover and identify microbotanical remains of plants associated with...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Nine pollen and ten phytolith samples were examined from site 42Ws104 in Parunuweap Canyon, Zion National Park, Utah. At least Anasazi and Paiute occupations are represented. Both pollen and phytolith analysis were conducted on nine of the samples to identify elements of the local plant communities that might have been processed by occupants of this site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single piece of ground stone was recovered at a depth of 110-120 cm at site 35JE355 in the Deshutes National Forest. This unusually shaped piece of ground stone had a flat top that exhibited several grooves and a pointed end. The site encompasses a fairly large lithic scatter that probably represents a seasonal camp located along the shore of Suttle Lake. Radiocarbon dates place occupation of this site between approximately 2080 + 60 BP and 3100 + 70 BP to 3280 + 90 BP. These dates were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost.

Seven samples from two levels of fill in a thermal feature at site LA 172823 in Eddy County, New Mexico, were analyzed for pollen, phytoliths, and macrofloral remains. Charcoal and charred botanic remains recovered from the macrofloral samples were submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating. A total of seven dates were obtained. This site consists of a single thermal feature and small scatter of prehistoric lithic artifacts. Pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral analyses will provide information...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Two prehistoric archaeological sites (44HN175 and 44HN176) were sampled to recover paleoenvircomental information. The upper levels were determined to be affected by historic cultivation, so samples from Levels 1 and 2 (usually to a depth of approximately 20 cm) were not examined. All samples were examined for pollen, phytoliths, macrofloral, and charcoal evidence to reconstruct the past environment and to attempt to identify any activity areas.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Two sites in Ventura County, California were sampled for pollen, phytoliths, protein residue, and macrofloral remains. Site CA-VEN-477 appears to have been occupied during the Middle to Late Period (after 1000 B.C.), and was situated on a low knoll overlooking a drainage at the mouth of a canyon. Two pollen, two phytolith, two protein residue, and four macrofloral samples were examined from this site. Pollen, phytolith, and protein residue samples were examined from the wash of a mano and an...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Stratigraphic sediment samples and macrofloral remains from the Brokepick Mountain site, 48SW16725, Sweetwater County, Wyoming were examined to recover pollen and phytoliths. In addition, AMS radiocarbon dating was conducted. Excavation at the site by CRAI, Inc. revealed a dark stain that was thought to represent a house pit; however, further analysis suggests that this feature might be a buried A-horizon within a Folsom Age drainage area. The goal of this current work is to provide...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Soil samples were examined for pollen, phytoliths, or macrofloral remains from two sites near Buda, Texas. In addition, selected wood remains and two botanical samples were identified. These samples were examined to identify paleoenvironmental changes at these sites and to identify evidence of the vegetal portion of the subsistence base. Site 41HY202 contains two components, one occupied during the Late Prehistoric, the other during the Archaic. Site 41HY209 was sampled in both the Terrace...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Fossil pollen, phytoliths, macrofloral remains, and charcoal from archeological and geological sites at the Jewett Mine, Texas are analyzed in this appendix. Pollen analysis provides an overview of regional vegetation and hence paleoenvironments for this area. Pollen columns were collected at an alluvial geological site in the Buffalo Creek floodplain and at an archeological site, 41LN106, in the Lambs Creek drainage for this reconstruction. Companion phytolith samples were collected from the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Fossil pollen, phytoliths, macrofloral remains, and charcoal from archaeological and geological sites at the Jewett Mine, Texas are analyzed in this appendix. Pollen analysis provides an overview of regional vegetation and hence paleoenvironments for this area. Pollen columns were collected at an alluvial geological site in the Buffalo Creek floodplain and at an archaeological site 4ILNI06, in the Lambs Creek drainage for this reconstruction. Companion phytolith samples were collected...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

A single sample recovered from a privy at the Fausel House in Placerville, California, was examined for pollen, parasites, phytoliths, and macrofloral remains, as well as for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). This privy was discovered beneath an addition to the house. It appears to have been filled in a single episode. Pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral remains will be used to provide information concerning foods eaten by the privy users, while the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman. Melissa K. Logan.

Samples from five sites on the Fort Bliss Military Reservation in Otero County, New Mexico, were examined for pollen, starch, phytoliths, macrofloral remains, and/or organic residues, the latter using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). These sites were sampled as part of Delivery Order 36. Charcoal and a burned corn kernel from twelve of the macrofloral samples were AMS radiocarbon dated. In addition to providing radiocarbon dates to understand the archaeological chronology,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman. Davis V. Hill.

Ten samples from the historic Charles Towne Landing site (38CH1-PSTS) were analyzed for archaeobotanical remains. Samples from three possible planting features, a possible agricultural trench, a floor or processing area, and four possible postholes were examined for pollen, phytoliths, macrofloral remains, and/or using Fourier Transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The results of these analyses should provide information useful to interpreting the origin and function of these features...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost. Elizabeth Hickey.

A total of three sherds from vessels at site LA 51225 in southern New Mexico were submitted for pollen/starch, phytolith, and organic residue analysis, the latter using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Floated light fractions from the fill of a large pit with cached artifacts, two thermal features, two trash-filled pits, and two rectangular pithouse structures also were examined for macrofloral remains. Charcoal from a brush structure, maize cobs, and a burned seed were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

A canidae (dog family) coprolite was recovered from an encircling dirt bench within a large pithouse at Site LA 45507 near Luna, New Mexico. Site LA 45507 is a large pithouse village of the Mogollon culture, dating between A.D. 700-900. The coprolite was most likely deposited after abandonment of the pithouse and was examined for pollen, phytolith, macrofloral, and parasite remains.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

A human coprolite from a privy/trash pit on Block 24, Lot 10 in Skagway, Alaska, was sampled for pollen, phytolith, macrofloral, and parasite remains to determine types of food eaten, possible parasite infestation, and potential trash discarded by a catholic priest or priests during the pits use as a privy. Lot 10 was the site of the resident Roman catholic priests rectory from 1903 to 1933. The privy/trash pit is associated with the rectory. Use of the privy is believed to have occurred...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Soil samples from four sites along Navajo Route N2007 in Apache County, northeastern Arizona, were sampled for pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral remains. Groundstone and lithic artifacts were washed to recover pollen, phytoliths, and possible protein residues. Sites AZ-P-61-123 (Ciudad de Viento) and AZ-P-61-125 (Folsom House) were complex cultural habitations with numerous features. Ceramics from Site AZ-P-61-123 suggest an early Pueblo II to Pueblo III occupation, and Site AZ-P-61-125...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Pollen, phytolith, macrofloral, and protein residue analyses were performed on soil samples and artifacts from Site CA-SDI-12557 in San Diego County, California. Four pollen control samples were collected from a stratigraphic column east of the site in an area that is believed not to have been cultivated. The remaining pollen sample and two macrofloral columns were recovered from a large living area feature. Twelve phytolith samples and two macrofloral columns were collected from units...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Pollen, phytolith, macrofloral, and protein residue analyses were performed on soil samples and artifacts from Site CA-SDI-12557 in San Diego County, California. Four pollen control samples were collected from a stratigraphic column east of the site in an area that is believed not to have been cultivated. The remaining pollen sample and two macrofloral columns were recovered from a large living area feature. Twelve phytolith samples and two macrofloral columns were collected from units...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Soil samples and groundstone from Sites Ca-SDI-10637, CA SDI-9605, and CA-LAN-92 were examined for pollen, phytoliths, macrofloral remains, and/or protein residues. Sites Ca-SDI- 10637 and CA-SDI-9605 are part of the Torrey Pines State Reserve Project, and these sites yielded radiocarbon dates that suggest Late Period occupations. Early Milling Stone Horizon dates were obtained from Site CA-LAN-92 at Leo Carrillo State Beach near Malibu, California. Pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Two separate areas were excavated at the Buckeye Knoll Site, 41VT98, in southeast Texas. Each of these areas had a stratified sequence. The Knoll Top excavation block contained an Early Archaic cemetery, a few hearth features, and midden deposits. Strata in this excavation block represent the late Paleo-Indian to the Late Prehistoric. A milling stone fragment found in the Knoll Top excavation block was washed for both pollen/starches and protein residues, while general fill, hearth fill,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Thomas E. Moutoux. Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Archaeological samples from Loci Band C of the Scripps Poway Parkway east project (Site CA-SDI-4608) were analyzed for pollen, phytoliths, starches, macrofloral remains, and/or possible protein residues. This site contains multiple cultural components ranging from Paleo Indian through Late Prehistoric. The majority of the analyses focused on artifact utilization (i.e. artifact washes and associated soil control samples), in an effort to better understand not only functional differences...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman.

Samples from sites 42Dc1412 and 42Dc1340 in the Uintah Mountains of the Ashley National Forest were submitted for pollen, phytolith, macrofloral, and organic residue (FTIR) analyses. Pollen and phytolith analysis will identify plants that are part of the local and regional vegetation communities. Examination of three pieces of groundstone and two sediment samples using FTIR analysis to identify organic residues was undertaken to recover evidence of plant processing. Macrofloral analysis of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman. Melissa K. Logan.

A soil sample from the Smith Site (A09111.000369), located in Malta, Saratoga County, New York, was examined for pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral remains, as well as protein and organic residues. Samples were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). This historic site dates from the latter half of the 19th century (Adam Luscier, personal communication, January 21, 2011). Pollen, phytolith, macrofloral, protein, and organic residue (FTIR) analyses...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman.

Sites 24GA416 (Reas Pass Site) and 24GA493 (Horse Butte Peninsula) and are located in Gallatin County, southwestern Montana. Excavations of these sites is part of an on-going effort to re-license the Hebgen Reservoir development along the Madison River near West Yellowstone. Pollen analysis was conducted on samples collected stratigraphically from both sites to provide paleoenvironmental information. Naturally occurring charcoal from columns at both sites also were AMS radiocarbon dated. In...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman. David V. Hill.

Sites 24GA493 (Horse Butte Peninsula Site) and 24GA419 (Reas Pass Site) are located in Gallatin County, southwestern Montana. Excavations of these sites is part of an on-going effort to re-license the Hebgen Reservoir development along the Madison River near West Yellowstone. Pollen analysis was conducted on samples collected stratigraphically from the Reas Pass Site (24GA419) to provide paleoenvironmental information for sediments from a column that yielded a radiocarbon date of 8760 ± 20 BP...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Peter Kovacik. Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan.

Samples were examined from excavations in the Bishop’s Garden area at the San Gabriel Mission Archaeological Site, CA-LAN-184H, in southern California as part of the Alameda Corridor East Construction Authority’s (ACE) San Gabriel Trench Grade Separation project. This area contains a large, dense, partially intact Mission period (1769-1834) artifact deposit and two substantial archaeological features associated with occupation of the San Gabriel Mission. A total of 83 column samples from a Water...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman. Melissa K. Logan.

Samples from sites 24LN202 and 24LN2210, Lincoln County, Montana, were submitted for pollen, phytolith, macrofloral, protein, and organic residue analysis, and AMS radiocarbon dating. Samples were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The goal of these analyses is to better understand the function of several cultural features, determine if other features are of cultural or geologic origins, and to identify some of the plants and animals that may have...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan. Kathryn Puseman.

Samples from the Dickerson Street and Water Works sites north of Albany, New York, were submitted for pollen, phytolith, macrofloral, protein, and organic residue analysis, along with companion charcoal identification and AMS radiocarbon dating. Samples are to be examined in two stages. Selected samples are to be analyzed first, and preliminary results are to be reported to the client before beginning the analyses on the remainder of the samples. In stage one, sediments from the Dickerson Street...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman. Melissa K. Logan.

Feature fill, ceramic and lithic artifacts, and charcoal from eight sites (LA 132116, LA 149259, LA 149260, LA 149266, LA 149268, LA 149274, LA 149279, and LA 149284), in Eddy County, New Mexico were submitted for pollen, phytolith, and organic residue analysis, and AMS radiocarbon dating. Pollen and phytolith analysis was performed on feature fill and sediment samples, as well as fill recovered from a ceramic vessel. Feature fill associated with this vessel was examined for charcoal, which was...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Peter Kováčik. Linda Scott Cummings.

Sites 1MA277 and 1MA098 lie within the Redstone Arsenal U.S. Army post in Madison County, northern Alabama. Sediment samples collected from four different features were submitted for macrofloral and subsequent radiocarbon analysis. In addition, fill of Feature 13 (1MA098) was examined for pollen, phytolith, and organic residue (FTIR) analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Twelve coprolites from Level II of Room 21 in Step House, Site 5MV1285, in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, were examined for pollen, phytoliths, macrofloral remains, and possible parasites present. Room 21 was probably an unroofed work area in use during Pueblo times. The coprolites were recovered in the south two-thirds of fill above the upper floor or walking surface of Room 21. Pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral analyses will provide direct evidence of diet and information concerning use...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Pollen, phytolith, parasite, and macrofloral analyses were conducted on samples from two privies, Features 292 and 213, situated on Lot 16, Package 118, Harper's Ferry National Park, West Virginia. These privies are believed to represent a pre-Civil War period during the 1830s-1850s (Feature 292), and the early 20th century (Feature 213). The Package 118 area consists of Lots 15 and 16, located in Lower Town Harper's Ferry, between Potomac and High Streets. Prior to 1836, these lots served as...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman.

Sediment from a possible privy deposit at the Carlaw Park in Auckland, New Zealand, was sampled for pollen, phytoliths, parasites, and macrofloral remains, as well as for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Excavations in this area revealed historic features. Pollen, phytolith, and macrofloral analyses will be used to provide information concerning foods eaten by the privy users, while the presence or absence of parasites will provide information regarding...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan.

Seven sediment samples from the Lyukas-kurgan located near Hajdúnánás, Hungary were originally submitted for pollen analysis. Later, an additional nine samples that included sediment, ceramics, wood, a mat fragment, and a possible leather fragment were submitted for pollen, phytolith, protein, and organic residue analysis. Organic residue samples were tested using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Peter Kováčik.

Sites CA-SDI-21240 and CA-SDI-21805 are located on Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton in northern San Diego County, California. Cultural deposits at both sites contain marine shell and animal bones, as well as flaked stone and groundstone tools (Tanya Wahoff, personal communication April 26, 2018). Various artifacts collected from both sites were submitted for protein residue, pollen, and phytolith analysis. Soil control samples associated with artifacts also were provided. Macrofloral analysis...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Active project, uncompleted

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A soapstone vessel recovered in a Santa Ynez Valley as part of a burial (13) of a woman aged 35–50. Radiocarbon dates of 802 ± 24 and 929 ± 23 RCYBP on shell recovered from a nearby burial have been reservoir corrected to 1659–1875 and 1507–1679 A.D., respectively. Charred food residue recovered from the interior of the soapstone vessel was studied to determine its contents. This vessel was recovered from Los Padres National Forest and curated at the Santa Barbara Natural History Museum. Samples...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

The Cache site (24HL49) is a pottery cache located on the south side of the Milk River in the vicinity of the Fresno Dam, Fresno, Montana. Two vessels that date to the Late Prehistoric Period were recovered from the site, one nested inside the other. Vessel 1 is a nearly complete vessel, which is represented by 37 sherds and appears to have been crushed by the weight of the settling cap-rock. Black, carbonized organic matter was noted on the interior of the vessel. Vessel 2 is an incomplete,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost.

Two fill samples from a hearth feature at site LA 174561 in Eddy County, southeast New Mexico, were analyzed for pollen, phytoliths, starches, and macrofloral remains. Charcoal fragments recovered from the macrofloral samples were submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating. In addition to the hearth, this site contains three surface scatters of thermally-altered caliche and is believed to represent a multi-use, short-term, temporary prehistoric camp used for seasonal exploitation of plant and animal...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Peter Kováčik.

The Otis Hare Site (8LI172) is a riverbank freshwater shell midden campsite or small village located in Liberty County, northwest Florida. It is situated about 5 kilometers southwest of the town of Bristol, in the middle Apalachicola River valley (Nancy White, personal communication November 28, 2017). One sample of either human or canine coprolite was submitted for pollen, phytolith, starch, macrofloral, and FTIR analysis, and AMS radiocarbon age determination.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Ais Giorkis, Cyprus, an Aceramic Neolithic site, represents either an early “Cypro-PPNB” or Late Khirokitia culture occupation. Radiocarbon ages on bone cluster around 6800–7000 ca. BC. This important Neolithic site is located in the uplands. Although it does not appear to be a typical village, Ais Giorkis contains only limited cattle remains, which is unusual for Neolithic occupations. Three ground stone implements, which were relatively rare in the artifact assemblage, one stone bowl, and one...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan. Kathryn Puseman.

A steatite bowl found at Horsetooth Reservoir, northern Colorado, was washed to recover pollen, phytoliths, and starches. An area of thin residue from the interior of the bowl was examined for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Charred residue from the bowl exterior also was examined for organic residues and was submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Peter Kováčik. Jammi L. Ladwig. Cody Dalpra. Melissa K. Logan.

Four sites exposed in a Forest Service road cut within Segment 11C of the Tehachapi Renewable Transmission Project in Angeles National Forest, Los Angeles County, California exhibited features sampled to obtain sediment samples for pollen, phytolith, starch, macrofloral and organic residue (FTIR) analysis, charcoal identification, and AMS radiocarbon dating.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan.

Hope Farm-Richmond Hall (site 36PH160) lies on a terrace above the Delaware River in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Two sediment samples were collected from the last cultural layer and non-cultural sediments beneath for pollen analysis. Pollen analysis was designed to provide information concerning local vegetation prior to and at the time of at lease one of the occupations. In addition, pollen analysis of these two samples provides an opportunity to assess the pollen record from this site in terms...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

A sandstone mortar recovered from the Tule Creek Village (CA-SNI-25) on San Nicolas Island in the Channel Islands of California was submitted for pollen, phytolith, starch, and organic residue analysis. Phytolith and starch analysis provides microbotanical evidence of plant-parts that may have been ground. Organic residues were tested for using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). This analysis provides information concerning the compounds that were extracted from the mortar....

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Water Canyon Paleo Indian Site (LA 134764) is one of a series of late Pleistocene/early Holocene sites observed eroding out of sediments along the first big bend in the Water Canyon drainage. Originally documented in 2001, this site covered an area of approximately 3250 sq m on a northeast-facing, gentle hillslope immediately above No Name Arroyo, an intermittent drainage. Continued work at the site has expanded the area to approximately 9 hectares (Robert Dello-Russo, personal communication...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Ceramic sherds from the Ravens Nest site (48SU3871) in Sublette County, Wyoming, were submitted for pollen, phytolith, starch, and organic residue analysis at two different times. Pollen, phytolith, and starch analysis was undertaken to provide information concerning plants that might have been processed. Organic residue testing used Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). This analysis provides information concerning the compounds that were extracted from the sherd and through matches...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jammi L. Ladwig. Melissa K. Logan.

Site 26CH3345 is a near surface Late Archaic (Rosegate) site situated in the Carson Lake basin in Churchill County, Nevada. Excavations exposed a basalt bowl mortar with burned contents resting on top of a steep-sided, flat based ash stain presumed to be a cooking feature. The mortar was submitted for phytolith, starch, and organic residue (FTIR) analysis and AMS radiocarbon dating. Soil controls were also submitted for pollen, phytolith, and starch analysis. Results from this analysis address...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Ceramics and soil samples, as well as a single flaked lithic artifact, were submitted for pollen, starch, phytolith and/or organic residue analysis (FTIR) from three sites (23LE348, 23LE179/357, 23CK57) associated with the Avenue of the Saints Project (AOS), located in both Lewis and Clark Counties, northeastern Missouri. The AOS archaeological survey has uncovered a multitude of prehistoric sites with Late Archaic, Woodland, and historic cultural affiliations. PRI has previously analyzed...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Six stone artifacts and a wash of a large metate (a liquid sample) were submitted for pollen, starch, phytolith, protein, and XRD analyses from the Paisley 5 Mile Point Caves, Oregon. Previous work by PaleoResearch and other researchers has identified the presence of a variety of mammal and fish protein residue and DNA at the Paisley Caves. Because of the age of this site, the suite of protein residue antisera used to test these artifacts included elephant, camel, and horse, representing...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Peter Kováčik. B. Lee Drake.

Multiple archaeological sites located within the boundaries of the Camp Guernsey Installation provided ceramics, lithics, and sediment sample for pollen, phytolith, starch, protein, and/or macrofloral analysis, and/or for infrared analysis of organic chemicals and/or XRF analysis of elements (Table 1). Obsidian flakes submitted from three sites were sourced using XRF elemental analysis. Charcoal identified from three locations was AMS radiocarbon dated.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Caitlin A. Clark.

The Sorbello 1 Site (28-Sa-214) is located in Oldmans Township, Salem County, New Jersey. The site is bordered by Beaver Creek to the north and the Beaver Creek confluence and Myers Run to the northeast. Diagnostic tools recovered from the Sorbello 1 Site date to the Late Archaic Period (circa 4,000–1,500 BP), and Locus 5 dates to the Middle Archaic, spanning to the Transitional Archaic or Early Woodland. Eleven samples, including fire cracked rock (FCR) sediment and lithic artifacts, were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney. Kathryn Puseman.

Preliminary examination of a few pollen and phytolith stratigraphic samples from archaeological site 36PE16 in eastern Pennsylvania indicated that both records provided sufficient material for further analysis. Therefore, additional pollen and phytolith samples were examined from strata in three test pits at sites 36PE16 and 36PE61 to describe vegetation change through time. These closely spaced samples track vegetation change during the accumulation of the individual sediment packages. The...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Thomas E. Moutoux.

A small site located during grading for Polygon Communities, Inc., contained three discrete loci of blackened rocks and soil with broken tools. Blackened rocks, a mano, and soil control samples were recovered from Feature 1 and submitted for analysis. Pollen, phytolith, starch granule, and protein residue analyses were conducted in an effort to define economic activities associated with Feature 1 and to identify activities that lead to the blackened rock remains.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman. Jammi L. Ladwig. Peter Kovacik.

The Holmes Draw Site, 48CA2834, is a lithic scatter and campsite located on private land on the east and west sides of Holmes Draw drainage in Campbell County, Wyoming, that was excavated over a period of years. A single sediment sample collected from a living surface observed at the site was examined for pollen and phytoliths to identify economic activity on the surface. A mano was submitted for pollen, phytolith, and starch analyses to identify plant resources processed with this tool, and an...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. R.A. Varney.

Site 48CR1229, a Middle Archaic to Late Prehistoric period site, yielded two pieces of groundstone that were submitted for pollen, starch, phytolith, and protein residue analysis to identify evidence of food processing. Previous archaeology at this site establishes it as a multicomponent site with at least three distinct levels of occupation. A control soil sample was collected from a deeper level than either of the piece of groundstone.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jennifer L.B. Milligan.

The Eagle Tree site (48CO2920) is a prehistoric campsite situated on a partial bench and terrace above an ephemeral drainage near Antelope Creek. Excavations exposed multiple thermal features from the Thunder Basin Phase. Feature BF-F1, a hearth or oven, dated to the Late Prehistoric period and yielded a groundstone metate that was submitted for pollen, phytolith, starch, and protein residue analyses. Analyses were conducted to contribute information about the function of the artifact and food...