PaleoResearch Institute

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jennifer L.B. Milligan. Linda Scott Cummings.

Sites HhOv-113, HhOv-302, HhOv-304, HhOv-308, HhOv-323, HhOv-340, HhOv-394, and HhOv-468, located near Fort McMurray in northeast Alberta yielded evidence of Early, Early Middle, and Middle Prehistoric Period (including the Beaver River Complex) occupations. A total of thirteen lithic artifacts were submitted from these sites for protein residue testing. One sample that produced a weak positive result to elephant antiserum during a previous analysis will be retested here. Analysis of protein...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

A total of eight lithic artifacts and a soil control sample from archaeological site 44WY245 near Wytheville, Virginia, were submitted for protein residue analysis. Four of the artifacts are believed to be Quad Points datable to the Paleo period, as well as a Savannah River point from a Woodland occupation. Protein residue analysis is used to provide information concerning possible animal resources utilized by the site occupants.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jennifer L.B. Milligan.

Eight subsurface pre-contact sites (HaRf-51, HaRf-52, HaRf-70, HaRf-71, HaRf-85, HbRf-65, HbRf-102, and HbRf-132) of varying size are situated on knolls and ridges near the confluence of the Peace and Moberly Rivers, British Columbia, Canada. Conventional radiocarbon dates for the sites range between 11,220 ± 40 BP and 1770 ± 30 BP (Shauna Huculak, personal communication April 24, 2015). Nine lithic artifacts and associated soil control samples collected from the sites’ assemblages were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

A total of nine stone artifacts were submitted for protein residue analysis from sites Hi0v80, HiOv16, HiOv83, HiOv126, and HiOv92, located in northern Alberta, Canada. Archaeological activities are related to the 2008 Fort Hills mitigation (FMA Project 115708.MI08). These sites are within the Central Mixedwood Natural Subregion of the Boreal Forest Region. Previous analysis of artifacts from this region have yielded a high rate of positive protein residue results, likely due to the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Ten lithic artifacts from the Hellertown Site, 36Bu359, were examined for possible protein residues. This site is a small, shallow upland Late Woodland site in southeastern Pennsylvania. Samples were recovered from shallow precontact features and a shallow, buried A-horizon (3Ab). Protein residue analysis will be used to provide information concerning possible animal resources processed with these tools.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Four lithic artifacts believed to exhibit residues were submitted for protein residue analysis to confirm the presence of residues and possibly determine the nature of the residues. Protein residues from an artifact's surface can provide information concerning animal resources that were processed by the site occupants. These artifacts were recovered from site 5PA2332 as part of the South Park Archaeological Project in central Colorado. After initial examination, the area of discoloration...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Twenty-two lithic artifacts from the Jim Pitts site (39CU1142) in South Dakota were analyzed for possible protein residues. Nine general soil samples also were tested. This site appears to have experienced multiple occupations ranging from the Paleoindian to Late Plains Archaic. The Paleoindian occupation yielded artifactual evidence for Foothills-Mountain, Cody, Folsom, Agate Basin, and Goshen-Plainview components, withthe Goshen complex representing the most intensive occupation of the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Three lithic artifacts from the historic Silvas-McCoy site in the Old Town San Diego State Historical Park in southern California were analyzed for possible protein residues. This site consists of five houses built during the late Mexican (1821-1846) to early United States (1846- 1872) periods. Protein residue analysis is used to determine if the artifacts were used to process animal remains.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

A single groundstone fragment with a utilized surface from site 46KA622 in Kanawha County, West Virginia, was submitted for organic residue analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Sixteen lithic tools and nine soil control samples also were submitted for protein residue analysis. These analyses will be used to determine possible materials processed with the artifacts.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jennifer L.B. Milligan.

Site BlDp-58, York County, New Brunswick, was heavily impacted during road construction. Nineteen lithics recovered from push piles, test pits, and the surface include twelve fine-grained volcanic scrapers, two fine-grained volcanic projectile points, two finegrained volcanic gravers, a hornfel scraper, a hornfel retouched flake, and a chert retouched flake (Tricia Jarratt, personal communication June 25, 2015). Protein residue washes collected from these artifacts by New Brunswick...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jennifer L.B. Milligan.

The Gault site (41BL323) is a large, multicomponent site situated in the valley of a small stream between the Black Prairie region of the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Edwards Plateau ecotones in Bell County, Texas. A nearby chert outcrop was part of what attracted humans to the area. Six lithics were recovered during the 2013 site excavations from a block adjacent to a 1998 excavation where mammoth remains and Clovis tools were exposed. The six lithics were submitted for protein residue analysis...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Two flaked lithic tools from site FkPg-183, which is part of the Quest Carbon Capture and Storage Project, were submitted for protein residue analysis. Protein residue analysis was conducted to identify animal proteins that may be present on the surfaces of these tools as a result of their use to process animal remains.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

A total of 14 Lithic tools consisting of projectile points, bifaces, and utilized flakes recovered from site HhOv-87 were submitted for protein residue analysis. Previous analysis of lithics from this site yielded positive results to trout and goat antiserum (Yost and Logan 2010).

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Two small lithic tools from site HhOx-25 and two small lithic tools from site HhOx-28 were submitted for protein residue analysis. The purpose of this analysis is to identify animal proteins that may be present on the surfaces of these tools as a result of their use to process animal remains.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Three lithic tools recovered from the South Gunnars Run site (36PH162) were submitted for protein residue analysis. These tools were tested against various animal antisera to determine if protein residues are present on the use surfaces of these tools. The identification of protein residues can be used to better understand tool function and resource utilization.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jennifer L.B. Milligan.

The Rio Ibáñez 6W site is a rockshelter located in the southern Andean region, Aisén, Chile. Deposits at the site have been dated to between approximately 6000 and 300 cal BP. Five lithic tools recovered from the site were submitted for protein residue analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jennifer L.B. Milligan.

Water was drained from the artificial St. Mary’s irrigation reservoir leaving the bottom exposed along with bones and trackways of late Pleistocene animals and stone artifacts. Three lithic artifacts were recovered from Wally’s Beach Site (DhPg-8), a possible hunting and butchering site situated in the draw down zone of the St. Mary’s irrigation reservoir, Alberta, Canada. One of the lithics was associated with camel remains while another was recovered among horse remains. The third item, a...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three basalt unifaces recovered at CA-LAN-8 during the Topanga Underground Utilities District Project (TUUDP) in the unincorporated community of Topanga were submitted for protein residue analysis to determine if there was a signature of use.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Four Paleoindian lithic tools from site 08-DM-24, Tooele County, Utah were submitted for protein residue analysis. The samples were recovered from an open Paleoarchaic lithic scatter consisting of formal tools and debitage. This analysis was undertaken to determine if protein residues derived from the use of these tools were present and identifiable.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

A total of 14 stone tools, mostly scrapers and projectile points, were submitted for protein residue analysis from site 47LC164, Onalaska, Wisconsin. The goal of the analysis is to detect and identify any protein (blood) residue that may be present on the use-surfaces of these tools.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jennifer L.B. Milligan. Linda Scott Cummings.

Six Paleoindian sites were recorded in the Old River Bed (ORB) area and the Redden Springs area of Dugway Proving Ground, Tooele County, Utah. These open artifact scatters contained lithic tools, flakes, and cores produced from a variety of materials including finegrained volcanic rock (obsidian or basalt), chert, limestone, and quartzite. Fifteen lithic tools and four sediment control samples from the sites were submitted for protein residue analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Seven lithic tools were submitted for protein residue analysis from the Mystic Lake Inlet Site, 24ST653, located in Stillwater County, Montana. Protein residue analysis was undertaken to identify any protein (blood) residue that may be present on the surface of these tools.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Princeton Battlefield, dating from the Revolutionary War, saw engagement between British and American forces. The battle erupted with a fury, but the location of the initial fighting is not well defined. Munitions, both lead and iron, recovered from this battlefield were submitted for protein residue analysis in an effort to assist in definition of the intensity of the battle.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Protein residue analysis was conducted on five lead alloy shot musket balls recovered during the Sackets Harbor, War of 1812, Battlefield Metal Detector Survey in northern New York. Archaeological investigations in this area are being undertaken to determine the actual extent of the Sackets Harbor Battlefield and to secure a National Landmark designation for the entire battlefield. Protein residue analysis will be used to determine if human proteins were present on the musket balls and to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

The mid-section of a chert biface artifact from the La Purisima Mission Granary Site in Lompoc, California, was analyzed for possible protein residues. This artifact was discovered near the stone foundation of the La Purisima Granary and is believed to represent a hafted knife that was used either in agriculture or in skinning hides. Previous studies have shown that protein residues from a tool's surface can be identified using modified forensic procedures.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan.

Protein (blood) residue analysis was conducted on a total of four lithic artifacts from the Shippingport Site, 15JF702, located on the Ohio River at Louisville, Kentucky. The purpose of this analysis is to detect animal protein residues that may be present on these artifacts as a result of their use. In addition, two samples from an anomalous feature were submitted for analysis and identification of the loose feature fill that was contained within a basin hearth with an Early Woodland...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Thirteen lithic artifacts believed to exhibit residues were submitted for protein residue analysis to confirm the presence of residues and possibly determine the nature of the residues. These petrified wood artifacts were recovered from the Hilltop Site (5PA2332) as part of the South Park Archaeological Project in central Colorado. Protein residues from an artifact's surface can provide information concerning animal resources that were processed by the site occupants.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Two small pottery sherds from Site 24RB1606 were analyzed for possible blood proteins. In addition, a soil sample from the site surface was tested to provide a control for the sherds. Immunological studies have shown that blood residues from a tool's surface can be identified using modified forensic procedures. Protein residue analysis is used to supplement prehistoric subsistence information. Specifically, these sherds were tested to identify any animal products that may have been stored...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Six chert projectile point fragments were submitted for protein residue analysis, along with two probable smoking pipe fragments for pollen, phytolith, starch, and organic residue analysis. As both pipe fragments belonged to the same pipe the fragment with the least naturally occurring asphaltum on the exterior was selected for organic residue analysis, and both fragments were used for pollen, phytolith, and starch analysis. The pipe fragment selected for organic residue analysis was tested...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman.

Five projectile points were submitted for protein residue analysis from Point State Park in downtown Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, southwestern Pennsylvania. This park is the site of Fort Duquesne, Fort Pitt, and Fort Mercer. Protein residue analysis will be used to provide information concerning possible use of these artifacts to hunt animals.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

A Clovis projectile point from Site 13WD101 in Sioux City, Iowa, was analyzed for possible protein residues. This projectile point had a calcium carbonate encrustation that was removed prior to protein residue analysis and was examined for pollen to identify any pollen and/or phytoliths that might represent vegetation at the time the calcium carbonates formed on the tool. A small reworked Clovis or Goshen projectile point from Site 39CL09 in Vermillion, South Dakota, also was tested for possible...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Sites EgPn 442 and EgPn 441, located close to one another on the western outskirts of Calgary, were occupied between approximately 4200 BP and the Proto-Historic period, collectively. Three projectile points, a Hanna Point (4200-3000 BP) and a metal point from the Proto-Historic occupation were tested from EgPn 442. Site EgPn 441 yielded a Samantha Point (2000 to 1200 BP) for protein residue analysis. The goal of the analysis is to remove and identify any protein residues that may be present on...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Four Goshen complex projectile point fragments and four soil controls from Site 5GA639 in northwest Colorado were analyzed for possible protein residues. Immunological studies have shown that protein residues from a tool's surface can be identified using modified forensic procedures. Protein residue analysis is used to help provide prehistoric subsistence information.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman.

Sixteen projectile points from Fort Bragg, North Carolina were submitted for protein residue analysis. These tools are associated with a near continuum of cultural associations from Early Archaic to Middle Woodland. Protein analysis may provide some information as to how these tools were utilized.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jennifer L.B. Milligan.

Two adjacent sites, 13N277 and 13N279, situated on ridges south of the Frenchman River Valley in Grasslands National Park, southwest Saskatchewan, Canada contained features and lithic artifacts. A flake tool was recovered from a cobble platform next to a tipi ring at Site 13N277 and a similar flake tool was collected from the ground surface inside a tipi ring at Site 13N279 (Sharon Thomson, personal communication, February 4, 2014). These artifacts were submitted for protein residue analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Flaked lithics including projectile points, bifaces, scrapers, flake tools, and an adze from multiple archaeological sites in British Columbia were submitted for protein residue analysis to determine what animals these tools were used to process.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Wishbone Site (42To6384) includes a buried flaked stone assemblage, accompanied by a hearth feature. A pooled mean of three radiocarbon dates (10,390 ± 21 BP) was obtained on willow charcoal. The site is situated on an open salt flat supporting sparse pickleweed/iodine bush (Allenrolfea occidentalis). Fourteen flaked lithics were submitted for protein residue analysis. Four sediment control samples were collected from the general site area and one location near an artifact.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Soil around an area of beads in the bottom of a bell-shaped pit (Feature 5) at 5LA9187 in southeast Colorado was tested for possible protein residues. This soil was tested to determine if proteins were present to suggest the presence of a now decomposed pouch that might have contained the beads, as well as to detect any human proteins that would indicate the presence of a human burial in the pit.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

A variety of stone tools, including scrapers, projectile points and flakes, as well as, a feature fill soil sample, were submitted for protein residue analysis from a cluster of sites in northeastern Alberta. Previous protein residue analysis of artifacts from this area by PaleoResearch Institute (PRI) have resulted in good rates of positive protein reactivity, possibly due to good preservation from low biological soil activity. Results of this analysis should provide valuable animal subsistence...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Ten lithic artifacts, their associated soil controls, and a general site surface soil control from Site LA110143 in southeast New Mexico were submitted for protein residue analysis. This site exhibited two concentrations of Archaic Period lithic artifacts believed to represent hunting and faunal processing activities, as well as a small locus containing three ceramic sherds from the Jornado Mogollon Period. The site is believed to have experienced several short term occupations....

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

A stone knife measuring about 6 inches long was found by a third grade boy in the backdirt of a trench for a new water system within the Gooseberry Campground, Fishlake National Forest, Utah. The artifact was discovered during an Environmental Workshop involving hundreds of third-graders. No other cultural resources have been discovered in the campground, although the general area has yielded a small inventory of Archaic and Numic sites. A large concentration of Fremont habitation sites and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Three projectile points and a single soil control sample were submitted for protein residue analysis from site LA 150615, located in Rio Arriba County, northern New Mexico. All three artifacts are from a pit house feature with a Pueblo I-II affiliation (ca. A.D. 700-1050). Protein residue analysis may help determine what animals were hunted, and/or what animal remains were processed using these tools.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

Three lithic artifacts recovered from an isolated cache were submitted for protein residue analysis. The cache was discovered during site boundary delineation for Site LA 21136 in southeastern New Mexico. These types of artifacts are commonly called agave knives, but may not have functioned as such. The purpose of protein residue analysis is to better understand the function of these tools.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Site FdOt 31, a multi-component site located in southeastern Alberta, has an upper component with radiocarbon dates of 1080 ±40 and 1190 ±40 RCYBP and a lower component with a radiocarbon date of 6950 ±50 RCYBP. A total of three stone tools were submitted for protein residue analysis. A quartzite biface (sample 1962) was found in the upper component and a quartzite biface (sample 1881) and a projectile point (sample 1875) were found in the lower component. The goal of the analysis was to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Two lithic tools, a scraper and a projectile point base, were submitted for protein residue analysis. These artifacts were recovered from the Stewart Site (48FR6995), located in Fremont County, Wyoming. This analysis was undertaken to identify animal and plant resources that may have been exploited using these tools.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Two biface stone artifacts were submitted for protein residue analysis from sites HjOv12 and HjOv26, located in northeastern Alberta, Canada. The goal of this analysis is to detect protein residues that may be present on the surface of these tools as a result of their use.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Two stone tool fragments were recovered from a late Sedentary Hohokam farmstead in the foothills near Cave Creek, Arizona. These tools are similar in shape to previously tested tabular knives used to process agave from floors at sites AZ U:2:73 (ASM), AZ U:2:80 (ASM), and AZ U:2:93 (ASM) in central Arizona; therefore, the two stone tool fragments were tested for the presence of agave proteins using a cross-over immunoelectrophoresis method.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jennifer L.B. Milligan.

Archaeological assemblages in the Davis Flats North area, near the Williston Reservoir, Peace River Regional District, British Columbia, represent occupations spanning the early Holocene and recent occupations. Site HdSd-371:606 is situated on the western bank of a dendritic channel that bisects a large glaciolacustrian land form. Erosion due to the reservoir has impacted the site, and archaeological materials in the area likely do not reflect accurate depositional provenience. Artifacts have...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost.

A total of 45 artifacts, including projectile points, bifaces, scrapers, a chopper, uniface lithics, and ground stone fragments, were submitted for protein residue analysis. Samples were collected from 30 sites on the Osburn Ranch in Platte County, southeast Wyoming. Residues retained on artifact surfaces can provide information concerning possible plant and animal resources processed with the tools.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Peter Kováčik.

The Amanda’s Terrace Site (8HG1312), a prehistoric lithic scatter, is located in the Sandy Point Wildlife Refuge in Highlands County, Florida. Eight lithic artifacts including two flake tools, a reshaped biface/knife, a possible Paleoindian fluted point, and four points dating to the Early and Middle Archaic periods (Doug MacDonald, personal communication April 12, 2017) were submitted for protein residue analysis using counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). In addition, charcoal identification...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

The Francois Paulette Cabin Site (2315R) site is a stratified, multi-component, precontact site located along the Slave River in Wood Buffalo National Park, northern Alberta. Charcoal and bone recovered from this site were submitted for identification and/or AMS radiocarbon dating. Eight radiocarbon dates were obtained from seven charcoal fragments and a partially burned antler fragment. Lithics recovered throughout the site also were submitted for protein residue analysis to provide information...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Protein residue analysis, organic residue analysis (FTIR), charcoal identification and/or AMS radiocarbon dating was conducted on several projectile points, ceramic, bone, and charcoal fragments from site GDON-18, near the eastern border of Alberta, Canada. The site is situated along the shore of Cold Lake, on a terrace of course sand. Vegetation in the area is generally comprised of boreal trees and shrubs, and associated understory plants. Residue analysis should provide some animal and plant...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman. Melissa K. Logan. R.A. Varney.

Samples from site 46BO419, Boone County, West Virginia were submitted for archaeobotanical and AMS radiocarbon dating analysis. Ceramic, lithic, and other stone tool artifacts were analyzed for protein residues (cross over immunoelectrophoresis) and organic residues (FTIR). Charred botanical remains were submitted for charcoal identification and AMS radiocarbon dating. Results of these analyses have the potential to increase the understanding of Early Archaic through Late Woodland periods in...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. David V. Hill. Chad Yost.

Protein residue and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) analysis were conducted on nine pot sherds from Fort Bliss, McGregor Range, Texas. The modern environment is described as low limestone hills and desert scrubland. Each sherd was divided in half for each analysis. Five of the sherds represent examples of undifferentiated El Paso brownware. The other four sherds are examples of El Paso Polychrome. All of the sherds were surface finds that had been exposed to the elements,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Lithic artifacts from sites 36JU15 (the Groninger Site) and 36JU113 (the Henry Site) were examined for possible protein residues. In addition, a nutting stone and an axe from 36JU15 were examined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR). These sites are located along Tuscarora Creek in southern Pennsylvania. Primary occupations during the Late Archaic (ca. 1500 BC) to the Late Woodland (ca. AD 1000-1250) were noted at the Groninger Site. In addition, more limited evidence for an...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost.

Artifacts and associated soil control samples from sites CA-SDI-19406, CA-SDI-12100, and CA-SDI-9824 from Camp Pendleton, California, were submitted for protein residue analysis. The samples consisted of washes from various groundstone tools, retouched flakes, and bedrock milling features. The floated light fractions from several column samples at these sites also were submitted for macrofloral analysis. A two-sigma calibrated age range of AD 1630–1910 and AD 1920–beyond 1950 was returned for...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. David V. Hill.

A hafted knife, similar to a style hafted in the middle and recovered in Texas, was submitted for protein residue and organic molecule analysis to determine what was used as a hafting medium and to address possible use of the knife. This knife was recovered on a terrace just above Tubac, southern Arizona.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

A total of 19 samples were submitted for protein residue analysis, and two samples for organic residue (FTIR) analysis from sites HhOv 337 and HhOv 467, located in northeastern Alberta, near the Athabasca River. Vegetation in the area is primarily a boreal forest ecosystem dominated by aspen, white spruce and black spruce. Wetlands are extensive in this region. Protein residue and organic residue (FTIR) analysis will provide data useful in determining tool function and plant and animal...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

A mano, metate, and soil samples from Site CA-ORA-1326 in southern California were examined for possible animal and plant proteins. Immunological studies have shown that protein residues from a tool's surface can be identified using modified forensic procedures. Soil from beneath the metate and from a control also was sampled for phytoliths. Site CA-ORA-1326 is believed to be a minimally occupied processing station that dates to the Milling Stone Horizon (7500 BC to 1000 BC). Protein...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. David V. Hill. Chad Yost. R.A. Varney.

A large granitic pestle was recovered from the George Sellar Bridge Site, 45DO695, East Wenatchee, in central Washington, and submitted for protein residue, organic residue (FTIR), starch and pollen grain analysis. The site is located along a narrow terrace tread on the east bank of the Columbia River, within lands historically associated with Salish speaking groups. Sinkayuse and Wenatchi villages are located nearby. Entiat and Chelan use of this area is also reported. The pestle was recovered...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jennifer L.B. Milligan. Cody Dalpra.

The Aspen Picnic Site (89K/EeMa-2) is a multi-component Woodland site with three to four stratified occupations. It is situated along the north shore of Clear Lake in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba, Canada where it was identified in 1971 and tested in 1972. Artifacts and features were exposed during additional testing as part of an impact assessment along with mitigation based excavations in 2013 (Donalee Deck, personal communication February 4, 2014). Five lithic samples were selected...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

A hand stone and 4 slab fragments cut from a large boulder were submitted for protein residue analysis from the Paisley 5 Mile Point Caves, Oregon. Previous work by other researchers has identified the presence of a variety of mammal and fish protein residue and DNA at the Paisley Caves. Because of the age of this site, the suite of protein residue antisera used to test these artifacts included elephant, camel, and horse, representing Late-Pleistocene fauna now extinct in North America. In...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan. Linda Scott Cummings.

Forty artifacts from site 11PK1702 in Bay Creek valley, Pike County, western Illinois, were submitted for ethnobotanic analyses. Twenty-two lithic tools were analyzed for protein, and fourteen ceramic sherds, two hammerstones, and two groundstones were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Pollen, starch, and phytolith analysis were also performed on two of the ceramic sherds. Site 11PK1702 represents a special function lithic workshop with intensive...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Semi-lunar pre-contact stone tools, recovered from two sites (Walker Point Site, Bluff Section, RI-653 and the Susquetonscut Brook Pre-Contract Site 4, 71-033), were submitted for protein residue analysis as part of a research project studying their use. The sites are situated along the Seekonk River in Rhode Island and above Susquetonscut Brook in the Yantic River drainage in eastern Connecticut.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Swallow Shelter (5JF331) is located in the foothills of the Colorado Front Range. Nestled in the hogback area, the surrounding vegetation includes Gambel's oak (Quercus gambelii), grasses, and forbs. Excavation over the period of years has yielded numerous artifacts, including a collection of decorated burned and calcined bone. A portion of one of the decorated, calcined bone fragments was selected for AMS radiocarbon dating.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. R.A. Varney. Chad Yost.

Single pieces of carved bone and ivory from Chinese statuary were submitted on May 14, 2007 for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating to establish the age of the bone and ivory used (Table 1). The two samples analyzed include one piece of bone from a statue and a decorative piece of ivory identified as part of the neck piece on a dog at the foot of the statue. Upon receipt of the radiocarbon dates, we determined that it would be necessary to understand which animals the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single elk astragalus bone fragment from 45ST74, Washington, was submitted for radiocarbon dating. The site is located behind Grand Coulee Dam in Lake Roosevelt.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Charcoal from one feature and a suspected processing area at 24PH2976, a suspected Late Prehistoric communal bison kill site in the Missouri River breaks area north of Lake Fort Peck in Montana, were identified and AMS radiocarbon dated.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three samples from cores in a marshy area adjacent to Tolay Creek, California, were submitted for radiocarbon dating. Botanic components of the peat and marsh deposits were separated, then submitted for AMS dating. Three radiocarbon dates were obtained.

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney. Kathryn Puseman. Thomas W. Stafford.

Charcoal, wood, and botanic remains from Shiloh Mound A, site 40HR7, were submitted for radiocarbon dating. A portion of the submitted samples were examined microscopically to clarify/verify identification. A total of 26 samples were chosen for AMS radiocarbon dating.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. R.A. Varney.

One botanic sample and four sediment samples from site 23CK302 were submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating. A single botanic sample from 23LE174 also was submitted for dating. Although the original intent was to recover microscopic charcoal from all four sediment samples, visual examination of the screened portion of two of the samples revealed the presence of small pieces of coal. Coal cannot be removed from the microscopic charcoal fraction and would have caused the determination of the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A large, bronze Thai sculpture of a Buddha and Naga, thought to be from the Sri Vijaya Empire in southern Thailand contained carbon and clay cores, which yielded sufficient carbon for radiocarbon dating. This statuary, cast in two pieces, is reputed to be from the Sri Vijaya Empire in the late 12th to mid 13th century. Radiocarbon dating of samples from both portions of this statuary was completed to verify the dates.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Six samples for radiocarbon dating, three pollen samples, and seven samples for organic residue (FTIR) testing were submitted from six sites (LA 148609, LA 148621, LA 148612, LA 148601, LA 148618, and LA 99505) in Eddy County, New Mexico. These samples represent five features and two middens.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Elizabeth Hickey. Kathryn Puseman.

Site 26CK7454, a rockshelter, is located near Boulder City, Nevada. Excavation yielded sixteen levels, many of which were sampled to recover pollen and macrofloral remains, as well as charcoal for AMS radiocarbon dating. The non-feature pollen and macrofloral samples were collected to represent column samples to obtain a record of the vegetation through time. Ten AMS radiocarbon dates were obtained to better understand the deposition within this rockshelter.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Samples from site T-1 located in the Fault Trench in Fairfield, CA were recovered from a faulted paleosol and an unfaulted colluvium. Macrofloral analyses will be used to recover any macrofloral or microcharcoal remains that can be used to provide 14C dates for this site and to identify the paleoenvironmental conditions. The site is a grasslands area scattered with oaks.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Bulk soil samples from nine locations in two trenches were floated to recover both macroscopic and microscopic charcoal fragments suitable for radiocarbon analysis. These samples were recovered from alluvial fan and debris-flow deposits located along the base of the west side of the Wasatch Mountain Range in Salt Lake City, Utah. These deposits are believed to date from 5000-14,000 radiocarbon years before present. Microscopic charcoal from three samples were submitted for AMS radiocarbon...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Four sites (LA 97941, LA 97943, LA 97944, and LA 97945) on the Ft. Bliss Military Reservation yielded a variety of samples for radiocarbon dating, and/or pollen/starch and organic residue (FTIR) analysis to more fully understand the sequence of occupations and the foods that people were processing. These sites included pithouses, burials, and very large quantities of artifacts. Evidence of contact with the Mimbres to the west was noted by the presence of turquoise and shell. Charcoal was...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Peter Kováčik.

The Burbank Fault Trenches are located east of Yakima River in Kittitas County, Washington (Scott E. K. Bennett, personal communication September 16, 2016). The light fractions of 11 bulk soil samples collected from units in two trenches (1 and 2) were submitted for macrofloral analysis to recover and identify material appropriate for AMS radiocarbon age determination.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of using immunological techniques for the identification of blood residues on archaeological materials (Briuer 1976; Broderick 1979; Downs 1985; Hyland e£ al. 1990; Newman 1990; Newman and Julig 1989; Shafer and Holloway 1979). These studies show that the species of origin on tools can be identified to at least the Family level. Such work offers a new and exciting means to determine the function of artifacts and increase our knowledge...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single steatite pipe, recovered from a low, earthen midden at CA-TEH-45, exhibited a large quantity of burned residue. This residue was examined for pollen, phytoliths, starch granules, and/or identifiable plant cells to identify plants that might have been burned or smoked in the pipe.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Margaret E. Newman.

The extract tested negatlve against all the anti-sera used in testing. Negative results to all the anti-sera used were found. This stain does not appear to be animal or human blood.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Anthony Morgan. Linda Scott Cummings. James L. Rudolph.

Chapter 4 of Resource Use and Settlement in the Santa Ynez River Valley.

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney. Linda Scott Cummings.

Several Argopecten ventricosus shells from Test Unit 7 (Table 1) from the west-central portion of the ethnographic Kumeyaay village of La Rinconada de Jamo (CA-SDI-5017), were submitted to be dated using the AMS radiocarbon dating method

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A pollen record from the late glacial period associated with Bone Bed 1 (12,430 BP) at Bonfire Shelter provides the base of the stratigraphic record examined in this study. A single sample representing full glacial conditions at approximately 18,000 BP was examined approximately 250 centimeters below the base ofthe stratigraphic record. The stratigraphic pollen record for Bonfire Shelter encompasses samples from Bone Beds 1 and 2, as well as the interval between Bone Beds 2 and 3, and a...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two groundstone and one replicate hearth or roasting pit fill sample were submitted as a blind test for starch analysis. The groundstone were used to crush or grind botanics collected in southwestern Wyoming and identified by Abbie Harrison, macrobotanist at Alpine Archaeological Consultants, Inc. Economic activity meant to replicate that associated with a hearth or roasting pit provided the control sample from this type of a feature. Starch analysis of these samples was undertaken to provide...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 49CR7399 is a prehistoric campsite located north of Hogback Lake and just east of the Continental Divide in Carbon County, Wyoming. Sediment samples were collected from the edge of Feature 5, a thermal feature, to recover any starches present that might indicate what plants were processed, and from sediment from the side of the feature to be used as a control sample in interpreting the starch record associated with the feature.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Two soil samples were submitted for starch grain analysis from site LA 123349, located in Otero County, New Mexico. These samples were collected from two separate rock-filled baking pit features. This analysis was used to investigate the possible presence of starch grains derived from foods that were processed or cooked using these features.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48SW16962, situated south-southwest of Wamsutter, Wyoming, is an open lithic scatter comprised of three cultural features (Features 1, 2, and 3) representing an Uinta Phase occupation. Sediment samples from each feature were submitted for starch analysis to identify starchy foods cooked in these features.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. R.A. Varney.

Fill from Feature 2, a linear charcoal stain containing fire-cracked rock and dogas shells, was examined for starch and macrofloral evidence of plant economic activity. This feature was encountered during monitor of a sewer line excavation for the Beach Roads Hazard Elimination project in Saipan. Charred coconut shell in the macrofloral sample and dogas shells from the feature were AMS radiocarbon dated.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan.

Sediment samples from the fill of a basin house and associated features at site 48SW16996 in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, were submitted for starch analysis. Fire-cracked rock from fill of a hearth within the basin house also was tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Radiocarbon dates suggest that the house dates to the Opal phase of the Early Archaic. Starch and organic residue (FTIR) analyses will be used to provide information concerning plant...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan.

Several sites have been archaeologically mitigated along the Oneok Pipeline. Reporting on results of starch and organic residue analysis using the FTIR includes a discussion of all sites within a single report. Each site will be discussed independently and the results will be compared or synthesized in the concluding section. The Oneok Pipeline extends from ... to ... (we need a map or information from you to fill this part in). Samples for recovery of starch and/or organic residues were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single ceramic sherd was submitted for residue analysis from a site on Saipan's west coast. The residue from this sherd was removed at Paleo Research Institute and treated to recover phytoliths and starches that might reflect foods cooked in the vessel.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

Four ground-stone tools from Site LA 143755 were examined for starch grains and phytoliths. Site LA 143755 is a Late Archaic campsite in a stratigraphically buried context located along New Mexico Highway 128 in Lea County, New Mexico. The goal of this analysis is to identify microscopic plant remains that may be present on the working surfaces of these tools.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

Nine stone tools, mostly groundstone, were submitted for starch analysis from the Siren Site, 41WM1126, Texas. Because the extraction method produced phytoliths along with the starch, the phytoliths were also examined. The starch grains and phytoliths recovered from the use surfaces of these tools may provide subsistence and tool function information.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Paul M. Miller. Caitlin A. Clark.

The Avalon Old Bridge Prehistoric Site (28-MI-275) is located near Deep Run in Old Bridge Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey. Phase III archaeological data recovery of the site by RGA Cultural Resource Consultants revealed cultural materials from the Early Archaic to the Woodland periods (Lauren Lembo, personal communication, December 18, 2018). RGA submitted two groundstones (Samples 126a and 359) and two lithic artifacts (Samples 168a and 328) to PaleoResearch Institute for starch analysis...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Samples from the Sainte-Agathe settlement, located along the coastal region of French Guiana, were submitted for starch grain and phytolith analysis. This site was occupied from the 15th century to at least the end of the 16th century. These analyses will be used to identify microbotanical remains that may provide information on subsistence activities at the Sainte-Agathe settlement.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

A total of 15 artifacts were submitted for starch grain analysis from the Gray Farm site (7K-F-11), located in Kent County, Delaware. These artifacts included stone tools and ceramics that have an Eastern Woodland cultural affiliation. Prehistoric occupation of this site spans the period from 3000 BC to AD 1500, and was followed by historic settlement and farming to the present day. The primary goal of this analysis was to recover and identify starch grains derived from plant resources that may...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Melissa K. Logan. Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost. Linda Scott Cummings.

Hearth fill samples recovered from sites LA 72399 and LA 118226 in Eddy County, New Mexico, were submitted for starch, macrofloral, and organic residue analyses. A small ceramic sherd from LA 72399 also was examined for organic residues. Samples were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Starch, macrofloral, and organic residue analyses provide information on culturally utilized materials, specifically those related to diet, including foods processed...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan.

A ceramic vessel rim sherd recovered from Canyon Ferry Lake in Lewis and Clark County, Montana was submitted for starch, organic residue analysis, and AMS radiocarbon dating. The ceramic was tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).

DOCUMENT Full-Text Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost.

Four fire-cracked rocks from site 24HL478 in Hill County, Montana, were submitted for starch grain and organic residue analysis. Samples were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Because the starch extraction method used here also recovered phytoliths, any phytoliths of economical significance also were noted. Starch, phytolith, and organic residue analyses provide information regarding diet, specifically foods that might have been processed in...