DOCUMENT Full-Text Stephanie M. Whittlesey. Richard Ciolek-Torello.

Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the synthesis of the Lower Verde Archaeological Project. Whittlesey and Ciolek-Torello describe the project's environmental context, with a focus on the Verde River and its surrounding landscape. They also offer a brief introduction to the people who inhabited and used this landscape. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the research themes that guided archaeological data recovery and interpretation of the lower Verde River area.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Stephanie M. Whittlesey.

In chapter 2, Whittlesey discusses some of the intellectual history of landscape theory and defines a landscape approach. She then considers the definition of archaeological landscapes. Finally, she discusses the utility of archaeological landscapes for interpreting both the prehistory and history of an area.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Stephanie M. Whittlesey.

In Chapter 3, Whittlesey provides a description of the current state of the Verde River and discusses the history of intensive landscape modifications to the Verde and other rivers in central and southern Arizona (including the Salt, Gila, Colorado, Little Colorado, San Pedro, and Santa Cruz) . She first reviews archaeological and documentary evidence for changes to Arizona's riverine environments in both the prehistoric and historic periods. She focuses on accounts from the Spanish Colonial...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Stephanie M. Whittlesey.

In Chapter 4, Whittlesey presents a thorough summary of archaeological research and intellectual history in central Arizona. The author's goal is to situate the LVAP research in the context of central Arizona archaeology. Whittlesey provides histories of the research that has been conducted in the Verde drainage, the Tonto Basin, the Agua Fria drainage, and the Phoenix Basin. She concludes with a summary of the research trajectories and the different explanatory models applied to central...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Stephanie M. Whittlesey. WIlliam L. Deaver.

This chapter reviews archaeological evidence for Yavapai and Western Apache occupation of central Arizona. Whittlesey begins with a description of the only site – Site 66//1157 -- in the LVAP project area to present clearly identified Yavapai or Western Apache material culture. She also discusses the archaeological data from the Yavapai construction camps at Bartlett and Horseshoe Dams. Whittlesey then provides an overview of archaeological evidence for Yavapai and for Western Apache archaeology...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Carla R. Van West. Jeffrey Altschul.

In Chapter 9, Van West and Altshcul examine late prehistoric period agriculture in the Transition Zone of central Arizona, and consider how agricultural production influenced population zone in this area. They begin with a description of the Transition Zone’s environmental context. They then present evidence for prehistoric agriculture in the LVAP project area. These authors use these data to model potential agricultural productivity in Horseshoe Basin. Next, they model the population sizes on...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Barbara Montgomery. Stephanie M. Whittlesey.

Chapter 10 presents results from a ceramic seriation of undecorated pottery to identify temporally-sensitive attributes. Montogomery and Whittlesey describe their analysis of particular undecorated pottery attributes, which were selected based on their potential sensitivity to temporal change. They identify several attributes that are particularly sensitive to time: temper, slip, and polish. They also note several other variables that display slight variation through time. These authors propose...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Stephanie M. Whittlesey.

In Chapter 11, Whittlesey describes the production and distribution of prehistoric ceramics in the lower Verde Valley. She then compares these patterns to similar data from the Agua Fria drainage and the Tonto Basin. Finally, she suggests that production and distribution patterns of ceramics in central Arizona may be better explained with a ceramic environment approach, which highlights the relationships between the landscape and the human use of resources. Whittlesey’s proposed approach centers...

DOCUMENT Full-Text WIlliam L. Deaver.

In Chapter 12, Deaver summarizes research on the chronology of archaeological sites, features, and material remains in the LVAP project area. He begins with a synthetic discussion of the chronologic sequence in the Verde Valley area. He then presents data for the chronologic assignment of archaeological features and sites investigated during the LVAP. Next, Deaver discusses a comparison of the chronologic sequence in the Verde Valley to the sequence in the Hohokam core area in order to evaluate...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Eric Klucas. Richard Ciolek-Torello. Charles R. Riggs.

Chapter 13 addresses changes in social organization from the pre-Classic to Classic periods in the lower Verde Valley through an examination of changes in domestic space. First, Klucas and co-authors identify the nature (i.e., composition, arrangement, size) of the domestic residential units that occupied the prehistoric settlements. They then examine differences in these variables between different settlements (e.g., between large settlements and small farmsteads) and across time periods. These...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Richard Ciolek-Torello.

In Chapter 14, Ciolek-Torello presents one of the first full syntheses of indigenous settlement and demographic patterns in the Verde Valley, without reference to interaction in the Hohokam core area. He begins with a summary of prehistoric settlement patterns from pre-ceramic periods through the Late Classic period across the entire Transition Zone of central Arizona. He then characterizes settlement systems in the lower Verde Valley through time and describes the archaeological sites and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Stephanie M. Whittlesey.

In Chapter 15, Whittlesey reviews the Hohokam core-periphery model in light of the new data generated by the LVAP. She begins with a description of the intellectual history and the key concepts of the Hohokam core-periphery model and the Hohokam regional system model. She then examines the utility of the core-periphery model for explaining current data on Hohokam prehistory. After reviewing the distribution of several quintessential Hohokam traits among sites in the “core” and in the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text J. Jefferson Reid.

In Chapter 16, Reid considers the impact that a return to questions about migration, population movement, and ethnic identity has on the interpretation of Arizona’s prehistory. He begins with an intellectual history of migration research in the Southwest, and offers perspective on the strength of making inferences about migration with archaeological data. He uses the arguments for migration at Grasshopper as an example of building such inferences. Reid then advances into a discussion of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Richard Ciolek-Torello. Stephanie M. Whittlesey.

Chapter 18 provides a summary of the LVAP’s research themes and offers an overview of the research results. Ciolek-Torello synthesizes the chronology and cultural sequence of the lower Verde Valley. He places this sequence and its cultural developments in the context of other cultural sequences in central and southern Arizona. Whittlesey then summarizes the argument for an indigenous cultural tradition in the Transition Zone of central Arizona, one with roots in Mogollon prehistory and with...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Stephanie M. Whittlesey.

Chapter 19 summarizes and compares the prehistoric, historic-period Yavapai and Western Apaches, and Euroamerican landscapes. Whittlesey considers the land-based units (i.e., domestic space, food production spaces, ritual spaces) that define interaction with the landscape during each of these cultural historical periods and attempts to identify landmarks associated with these units. She focuses on the following units: territorial boundaries, agricultural landscapes, procurement spaces, dwelling...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jeffrey Altschul. Stephanie M. Whittlesey. Richard Ciolek-Torello.

Chapter 20 provides a brief retrospective of the LVAP. Altschul and the other authors discuss changes to the archaeological data recovery efforts and re-orientation of theoretical perspectives that took place over the six years of the project. They conclude with an overview of the project’s results and its implications for the prehistory and history of the Southwest.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Barbara K.. Montgomery. Stephanie M. Whittlesey.

This report presents the results of an experimental study of ceramics from the Lower Verde Archaeological Project (LVAP) designed to test the effectiveness of inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICPS) as a tool for sourcing the locale of ceramic manufacture. A major theme of LVAP research was to explore the parameters of human interaction and exchange within the lower Verde region and adjacent areas of desert Arizona (Ciolek-Torrello et al. 1992). It is necessary to understand...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Henry D. Wallace.

This report is focused on the rock art present at a small ridge top agricultural locality in the lower Verde Valley near Horseshoe Dam known as the Crash Landing site, AZ U:2:78/01-278. Four boulders that exhibited over 24 petroglyph design elements were found at this site, as well as numerous other cultural features including a two-room isolated masonry field house and a large agricultural complex with rock piles, contour terraces, and boundary walls. The research design for the Lower...

DOCUMENT Full-Text James M. Heidke. Diana C. Kamilli. Elizabeth Miksa.

The goal of the present study is to identify the provenance of ceramics recovered from the Lower Verde Archaeological Project (LVAP) sites on the basis of the temper found within them (Ciolek-Torrello et al. 1992:III-75 to III-85). The focus of this attached report is on sand temper used in pottery vessels. Ceramic wares and/or types produced within the study area are distinguished from those imported from other areas. A reconnaissance sample of wash sands from the lower Verde River area was...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Frank Matero. Kenneth King. Jake Barrow. Mary Kallenberg.

These documents are a series of communications regarding stabilization and testing efforts performed and to be performed on the Great House in Compound A at the Casa Grande Ruins National Monument. They outline what projects need to be accomplished, special issues and concerns, and what will be necessary to accomplish the projects. A cost analysis is also provided.

DOCUMENT Full-Text David M. R. Barr.

Phase II data recovery was conducted at AZ AA:7:500 (ASM) and AZ AA:12:682 (ASM) on the Villages of Tortolita property after Phase I data recovery revealed the presence of subsurface cultural deposits. Forty-five features were identified during Phase II data recovery at AZ AA:7:500 (ASM), including pit structures, roasting pits, miscellaneous extramural pits, middens, surface rock concentrations, and cremations. At AZ AA:12:682 (ASM), five highly ephemeral, poorly defined features (charcoal...

IMAGE Will Russell.

When project personnel recorded the outlying structures at Pueblo la Plata, reference was made to walls running "north/south" and walls running "east/west". This graph illustrates the variability in precise wall orientation, with black arrows corresponding with walls running "north/south" and red arrows corresponding with walls running "east/west". Results suggest there was no consistent attempt to orient outlying structures to the cardinal directions.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Sara Mapes.

The Agua Fria National Monument, a 71,000-acre parcel of land encompassing two mesas and a river valley, is a region rich with human prehistory. The landscape is freckled with sites dating to the 13th and 14th centuries, ranging in size from a single agricultural field to pueblos of one hundred or more rooms. One particular Pueblo, Pueblo La Plata, was the focus of my research as I attempted to reconstruct its changing population through the remains of its residential structure.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Uploaded by: alycia hayes

This document is a series of topographic maps of Compound A at the Casa Grande Ruins National Monument, Coolidge, Arizona. Some are early images showing the residence of Frank Pinkley noting that it is to be removed. Also shown are room walls that no longer exist in today's Compound A.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Owen Lindauer.

This report is the second site description volume for the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study. This volume describes the four sites investigated in the Rock Island Complex by the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study. It also presents some of the analyses and integrated conclusions that address the project's research objectives established by the Bureau of Reclamation and Tonto National Forest archaeologists and outlined in our research design. This volume primarily describes a single large site,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Owen Lindauer.

The Roosevelt Platform Mound Study (RPMS) was one of three mitigative data recovery studies that the Bureau of Reclamation funded to investigate the prehistory of the Tonto Basin in the vicinity of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. The series of investigations constituted Reclamation's program for complying with historic preservation legislation as it applied to the raising and modification of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. Reclamation contracted with the Arizona State University Office of Cultural Resource...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Lloyd Allison.

Under the premise of "Give us our water and we will take care of ourselves," the book includes two chapters surrounding the irrigation practices of the Pima-Maricopa Indians from the mid-19th century to the present. The first chapter discusses the early irrigation practices of the Pima-Maricopa Indians and their history within the Gila and Salt River valleys supplemented with information from excavation and government documentation. Using this information, the second chapter lists a series of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text James Schoenwetter.

Manual prepared as part of guide training for proposed equestrian heritage/ecotourism project exploring trails and archaeological sites in the Lower Verde Basin, Tonto National Forest, Arizona.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Richard A. Brook.

Wirth Associates contracted with the Museum of Northern Arizona to conduct an archaeological impact study of a proposed Salt River Project Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station Routing Alternate to Westwing Receiving Station. This study delineates areas with three levels of potential site occurence for the project area, and investigates potential effects on the cultural resources of the alternative corridors proposed by Salt River Project. A short data gathering phase, prior to field work,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Donald L. Spencer. H. David evans.

These documents are: a form for assessment of action that would impact cultural resources in the Great House in Compound A at the Casa Grande Ruins National Monument and a document supporting the proposed action. The recommendation supports replaced areas on a rotting timber with wood as opposed to epoxy.

DATASET Legacies on the Landscape Project, Arizona State University.

Woody Plant Data Collected from Transects at Richinbar Ruin

DATASET Legacies on the Landscape Project, Arizona State University.

Woody Plant Frequency Data from Transects at Pueblo la Plata

DATASET Legacies on the Landscape Project, Arizona State University.

Woody Plant Morphological Data from Transects at Pueblo la Plata

IMAGE Legacies on the Landscape Project, Arizona State University.

Graph showing woody species diversity along several pedestrian survey transects at Richinbar Ruin (Black Mesa)

DOCUMENT Full-Text John Briggs. Hoski Schaafsma. Demitar Trenkov.

Woody plant encroachment into grasslands and savannas is a global phenomenon with undisputed environmental and economic consequences. In central Arizona, the location of our study, it is well known that mesquite, juniper, and cacti account for the majority of the woody plant expansion into arid grasslands. Using aerial photographs (1940 and 2001), we quantified an increase in woody vegetation in this area. We estimated that from 1940 to 2001, the amount of woody vegetation at our study site...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Glen Rice.

Over the course of the last seven to ten years, archaeologists working in different parts of the south central desert of Arizona have begun the documentation of Community Complexes. This is a general term for a range of phenomena which lie somewhere on the scale between community patterns and settlement patterns. This is a discussion of settlement structure rather than style, and not all researchers will be comfortable with this orientation. I readily violate and ignore many long standing...