Society for American Archaeology 81st Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL (2016)

DOCUMENT Citation Only Li-ying Wang.

This proposed research will discuss the interaction between Europeans and indigenous people in the 17th Century, which is one of the important topics of historical archaeology in Taiwan, and explore how the indigenous societies responded to the intense culture contact with Europeans. Taiwan was colonized by Europeans in the early 17th Century and was viewed as a trading base for commerce with Japan and the coastal area of China. In this period, Taiwan had become part of the global trade network...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jason Toohey.

Here I present the results of an initial season of fieldwork at the multicomponent Cajamarca site of Callacpuma (Qayaqpuma). Cerro Callacpuma is a large site located along the northeastern edge of the Cajamarca basin. The multicomponent site encompasses a number of architectural and other spatial zones, arrayed along the 2.5 km spine of the ridge and on its north and south slopes. Initial fieldwork focused on survey and mapping of the architectural core of the site, located along the Inca trunk...

DOCUMENT Citation Only César Méndez. Amalia Nuevo. Omar Reyes. Ivana Laura Ozán. Carolina Belmar.

This paper summarizes recent research conducted at Cueva de la Vieja site (BN15; 45°16’27’’ S; 71°32’24’’ W, 718 masl) in the Ñirehuao basin, Aisén, Chile, targeted at characterizing aspects of the initial peopling of Central Western Patagonia. Systematic stratigraphic excavations at this small cave yielded material evidence for human activities starting at 12,000 calibrated years BP and ever since redundant occupations at the same locale. Site formation processes are described and discussed in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Shelia Pozorski. Thomas Pozorski. Bobbie Lovett. Rosa Marin.

During the Initial Period (2100-1000 B.C.), the largest platform mound in the New World was constructed at Sechin Alto site in the Casma Valley. Measuring 300 m x 250 m x 35 m tall, this mound served as the administrative center for the Sechin Alto Polity which included over a dozen sites, most with monumental architecture. Our current understanding of the Sechin Alto Polity and how it functioned comes from decades of fieldwork by other researchers and by us, and this research is ongoing. This...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Thomas Zoubek.

Radiocarbon dates from the sites of V-198 and Huaca El Gallo/La Gallina in the Viru Valley of Peru illustrate that the transition inland from the coast and the construction of monumental corporate architecture based on irrigation agriculture was not unique to the Supe Valle area along the Andean coastline. A second instance has been identified in Viru where it is also associated with the use of ceramics as early as 3950 years before present (2450 calibrated years B.C.). This pushes back the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James Davenport.

In Andean South America during the Late Horizon (AD 1400 - 1532), rituals and ceremonies, both inclusive and exclusive, were a major part of the Inka Empire’s strategy for control of its subjects. These ceremonies involved the use of distinct Inka-style material culture, which has its origins in Cuzco but spread throughout the Andes with the expansion of territory of the empire Tawantinsuyu. The Inka required local craft producers to replicate these imperial styles as a part of their mit’a labor...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sonia Alconini.

In this paper I will evaluate the political economy of the ancient Inka imperial frontier in order to understand the ways in which competing border lords affiliated themselves to the empire, including associated processes of social competition, specialized production and changes in the indigenous local trajectories . In doing so, I will explore two Inka frontier segments. The first is located in the Yampara territory in the Southeastern region, and the second, in the central frontier in the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jessica Christie. Ivan Ghezzi.

The Inka used numerous strategies to expand and integrate a growing empire. We present a case of Inka mobilization of things and ideas, seeking to establish context, through the lenses of stone cults, wak’as, sun worship, and sukankas, for a unique fertility offering found far from the capital on a tower at the Chankillo site (400-200 BC) on the north-central coast. The towers functioned as a solar observatory: sunrises and sunsets were tracked across the towers from two observation points. An...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Reinaldo Moralejo. Milagros Aventín Moretti.

Throughout history, societies have had a particular worldview and a sense of what’s sacred, so that in each time and space they have expressed in different ways their own awareness of an origin and a destiny. The objective of this paper is to describe and to analyze the sacred Inka landscape in one of the southernmost "New Cuzco" capital of the Kollasuyu: The Shincal of Quimivil, located in the province of Catamarca, Northwestern Argentina. The mythical stories of the Inkas tell that there was a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Susan Stratton.

As Heritage Program Leader for the Pacific Southwest Region which includes California, Hawaii, Guam and American Samoa, I have had to come up with innovative approaches to increase capacity for the Heritage Program on each of the 18 National Forests within Region 5. This has been particularly challenging over the past couple of years as most of California seems to be burning up and Heritage staff are stretched thinly across the state responding to fire emergencies and other Agency priorities....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jeb Card. Marc Zender.

Re-analysis of an inscribed flask excavated by Stanley Boggs in 1952 from a burial in the main pyramid at Tazumal is the first Classic Maya written text found in a primary deposition context in El Salvador. It is also the first historical evidence for political interaction between Copan and El Salvador, a situation that has long been suggested based on archaeological evidence including the use of Copador ceramics in both Honduras and El Salvador and the presence of other elite Classic Maya goods...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Laura Weyrich. Keith Dobney. Alan Cooper.

Interpreting the evolutionary history of bacterial communities within the human body (microbiota) is key to understanding multiple aspects of disease transmission and human health. This tight association between humans and their microorganisms can also be exploited to track past human interactions, providing information on past human movements and their introductions to new locations or environments. Using a shotgun sequencing approach on ancient DNA from the dental calculus in Neandertals,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Megan ONeil. Charlotte Eng. John Hirx. Diana Magaloni-Kerpel. Yosi Pozeilov.

Based on ethnographic comparisons and the study of ceramic materials, art historians and archaeologists have long inferred techniques of Classic Maya ceramic production, such as the use of coils, slabs, and molds. This paper will review new analytical tools for imaging Maya vessels and what they reveal about ancient ceramic production techniques. Digital x-radiography is one tool in a suite of other non-invasive techniques that are being used to a study a group of ceramic vessels in LACMA’s...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lauren Santini.

This paper presents findings from analysis of the wood charcoal assemblage recovered from two chultun middens from a household site from the Late Classic period at the Maya site of San Bartolo, Guatemala. It will include discussion of fuel gathering strategies, subsistence strategies, how the species identified in the assemblage reflect the relationship the ancient residents of this household had with their local environment, and considerations for future research in reconstructing ancient...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David Schoenholzer. Ernesto Dal Bo. Kirsten Vacca.

Investigating changes in sociopolitical complexity is an important theme in archaeological research. Building upon previous work, the research project presented in this paper investigates the changes in complexity worldwide, questioning where increasing complexity first occurred and whether identifiable stages exist. The assessment compares patterns of change by pulling from archaeological and economic theories and data. Global archaeological sites are recorded from authoritative sources and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elisabeth Cornelissen. Alexandre Livingstone-Smith. Nils Bourland. Wannes Hubau. Florias Mees.

Heavy vegetation cover presents obvious difficulties in conducting archaeological survey in the Central African rainforests. Survey conducted in 2010 and 2013 along the Congo River and its tributaries, between Bumba and Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of Congo, centered on using rivers as a means of access into dense forests.The results indicated that the region's archaeological record consists primarily of pottery finds associated with old soil horizons or pottery arranged in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Maria Gutierrez. Gustavo Politis. Gustavo Martinez.

A great increase of archaeological knowledge from the Pampean region of Argentina occurred in the last 20 years. Three main approaches were explored in detail by means of archaeological research that contributed to broadening our understanding of hunter-gatherers in the past: interdisciplinary studies, geochronology, and taphonomy. These perspectives were either initiated or reinforced in our projects by Eileen Johnson. The aim of this presentation is to highlight the main contributions that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Stephen Silliman. Katherine Sebastian Dring.

We use this paper to take stock of more than 12 years of collaboration between the Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation and the University of Massachusetts Boston in the context of the Eastern Pequot Archaeological Field School. This is important to discuss in a session dedicated to a broader Pequot archaeology, as the Eastern Pequot and Mashantucket Pequot nations share many cultural, historical, and familial connections, yet have had different political and economic positions and archaeological...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alan Outram.

This paper considers the use of lipid residue analyses as an integral part of zooarchaeological research. It critically assesses the different types of information that can be gained from the study of both animal bones and lipid residues. It is not the intention to provide detailed consideration of the methods of lipid residue analysis, but instead to concentrate on zooarchaeological interpretation, drawing out, from examples, the different methodologies’ strengths and weaknesses in relation to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Aaron Pattee. Bernhard Höfle. Christian Seitz.

This paper explores the methodology and application of laser scanning and photogrammetric recording methods to a very complex castle ruin. These methods allow for exact measurements to be made and the production of 3D digital models of the structure in question. The models built from the respective data combine the measuring strength of laser scanning with the visual aesthetics of photogrammetry. The case study is the medieval castle Burg Hohenecken in the city of Kaiserslautern in southwest...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kaitlyn Davis. Steve Copeland. Grant Coffey.

Numerous studies have pointed to a pattern of inter-site visibility in Chaco-era sites, both within Chaco Canyon itself and in other parts of the regional system. These studies suggest inter-site visibility is one line of evidence that supports the development and operation of the regional system in much of the American Southwest during the Pueblo II period (A.D. 900 to 1150). In the Mesa Verde region, community centers were present before the Pueblo II period as evidenced by larger sites, some...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Edward Henry.

Since the 1960’s Joseph Caldwell’s notion of the interaction sphere has endured as a global framework through which archaeologists interpret regional systems of trade and exchange. However, a tension exists in this framework between the homogeneous and heterogeneous nature of exchanges within overlapping territories. Implied in the Interaction Sphere approach is that, through their interactions, autonomous social groups engage in homogeneous religious, economic, and sociopolitical institutional...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Andrei Isnardis.

The Central Brazil has a large number of rock art sites, with remarkable stylistic variability. Trying to understand such variability, the Brazilian archaeologists proposed chrono-stylistic units to analyse the stylistic changes in diferent regions. In some specific areas, the studies of stylistic changes led us to perceveing another dimension of that variability: the diachronical interactions. This presentation tries to highlight specific behavior of new paintings, when they reoccupy rock walls...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bruna Rocha.

Excavations at ADE sites on the Upper Tapajós River, south of the Amazon, have unearthed ceramics that point to the existence of a cultural frontier along the Tapajós River’s rapids. At Sawre Muybu (SM) and Pajaú, on the river’s right bank, both fine and coarse pottery present techno-stylistic modes – including the use of either quartz sand or sponge spicule (cauixí) temper, of applied and punctuated fillets of clay and clay nubbins – that echo elements of Lower Amazon and Orinocan ceramics...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Evan Parker. George Bey III. Tomás Gallareta Negrón. Stephanie Simms. Amanda Strickland.

Seven years of extensive horizontal excavations at the Terminal Classic suburban hilltop complex of Escalera al Cielo have uncovered nearly the full range of social and economic activities undertaken by a class of intermediate elites on the edge of the Kiuic polity. Rather than considering Escalera al Cielo as simply another rung in the settlement hierarchy, we view it as a constituted community that formed and maintained ties of affiliation with the urban elite of Kiuic and with the commoners...

DOCUMENT Citation Only George Hambrecht. Ennis Barbery. Elizabeth van Dolah. Kevin Gibbons.

As climate change threats to cultural heritage become more apparent a range of responses is emerging across the globe. This session will discuss examples of different approaches to this problem in areas outside of the United States. While white papers and policy statements will be discussed the main focus will be on 'on the ground' programs that are monitoring, and/or implementing mitigation and adaptation actions to protect cultural heritage around the world. Examples, from Europe, South...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Victoria Sluka. Ian Kuijt.

This case study uses historic looms and weaving techniques from around the world to explore the complexities of protecting traditional craft technologies used by modern groups. Descendant and indigenous communities worldwide, especially in developing nations, are using sale of their traditional crafts as a way to benefit from the increasingly popular cultural tourism industry. Cultural heritage management initiatives and the ethical sourcing of cultural materials call for more relevant and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth McCarthy.

Determining the types of lithic materials used to produce cut marks can further our knowledge of movement, trade, resource use, and other anthropologically relevant variables. Previous research indicates that lithic materials can be differentiated using a new methodology based on a score derived from the presence/absence of 10 morphological features determined using a stereo microscope with an external light source. Some of the advantages of this methodology are that it is low cost, easy to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ashley Dumas.

The manufacture of salt by agricultural peoples in the Eastern United States has been documented at dozens of salt springs. Archaeologists have produced detailed inventories of specialized features, vessels, and other tools common to these sites and have mapped variations in their distributions, but the precise processes in which these tools were applied, particularly in the Early and Middle Mississippian periods, remains largely speculative. This paper situates the evidence within the limited...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tiffany Cain.

Engaged heritage practice locates its core around the reflexivity of its practitioners and the dialogic nature of its projects. Indeed, the relevance of heritage work is arguably inextricable from its capacity to recognize the needs and interests of both researchers and community members, however defined. Those needs and interests can be better addressed if we look more critically at the subjectivities of participants and non-participants in our projects, ourselves included. This paper proposes...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carolyn Dean.

The Inka of western South America, who reached the height of their power in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, identified certain rocks as sharing many characteristics with human beings. Such rocks were sentient and some of them had the ability to speak and move. Some rocks were said to eat and drink the foods and liquids humans eat and drink, dress in human clothing, and speak Runasimi, the language spoken by the Inka. The Inka, in recognizing the sentience of certain rocks, practiced...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christina Halperin.

It is widely recognized that co-essences or spirit companions (wayob) were a part of ancient Maya understandings of personhood. Partly because ethnographic analogies are used to understand ancient practices, it is easy to assume that beliefs and experiences surrounding Maya co-essences were static over many hundreds of years. In examining archaeological, epigraphic, ethnohistoric, and ethnographic data, this paper investigates the history of co-essences and, in turn, the way in which co-essences...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carole Crumley.

The remarkable career of Vernon Scarborough includes a long, lesser-known association with international programs of significance to archaeology and anthropology. Drawing on the meticulous investigation of Maya water management strategies, Vern has taken that interest to the global level, working in South Asia, Sri Lanka, Greece, Bali, and the American Southwest. His has been an important and persistent voice in the global change community for a quarter century, leading an enormous project on...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anthony Andrews. Fernando Robles.

Archaeological and historical research along the northwest coast of the Yucatán peninsula during the last half century have led to a preliminary reconstruction of a 200 km-long navigable intracoastal waterway between the Celestun estuary and Dzilám de Bravo during the Classic period. Along this waterway are remains of settlements, ports, and port complexes that supported an extensive trade network that connected northern Yucatan to more distant trade networks to the south, via the coast of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kevin Akemann.

GIS is being used increasingly in archaeology today, but can also enhance the understanding-through intrasite analysis-of sites excavated before GIS became popular. The Bell site (47-Wn-9), in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, is one such site. The faunal remains collected there represent two short, distinct occupation periods and distinct cultural traditions. An analysis of the quantity, artifact associations, and provenience of faunal remains recovered can add to the established understanding of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kevin Smith. Douglas Anderson.

J. Louis Giddings' (1909-1964) pioneering archaeological research in the Arctic integrated natural science perspectives with archaeological investigations, ethnographic and folkloric research, collaboration with indigenous communities, and experimentation with cutting-edge methods. He introduced dendrochronology and dendroclimatology to Arctic archaeology, developed the concept of "beach ridge archaeology"—using the sequential formation of maritime beach ridges to date relatively archaeological...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Patrick Roberts. Michael Petraglia.

In the 1980s, anthropologists argued that tropical rainforests were unattractive environments for long-term human navigation, subsistence and occupation. Yet, far from being pristine ecologies, the rainforests of Africa, Asia, Melanesia, and the Americas are increasingly being shown to have shaped, and been shaped by our species from at least 45,000 years ago, if not earlier. However, in many instances, archaeologists and anthropologists have concluded that early humans were occupying and using...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Andrea Vianello. Robert H. Tykot.

Several artifacts representing the oldest metals known in Sicily (Copper to Middle Bronze Age) together with many from the Late Bronze Age have been analyzed using a portable XRF to determine their composition. These are nearly all of the early metal artifacts existing in Sicilian museums. Multiple spot analyses have been performed and averages obtained to alleviate potential heterogeneities on the surface of metals, ensuring consistency and validity of the data. Among the materials, there were...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Philippe Nondédéo. Cyril Castanet. Louise Purdue. Eva lemonnier. Dominique Michelet.

The maya site of Naachtun is an important regional center of the Classic period, located in northeastern Peten. Founded after the decline of the Preclassic Centers of the Mirador Region, Naachtun is occupied roughly during a millenary until its abandonment (ca. AD 950). This site, settled on the margins of a huge bajo, is a good case study to understand strategies of resources management (water supply, soils, wood, fauna, and shells among others). All are available in its immediate vicinity, but...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Max Price.

In this introduction, I discuss the literature on smallholders in complex societies and directions for current and future archaeological research. I attempt to answer several questions: What is a smallholder? How can we detect them in the archaeological record? How does a focus on smallholders contribute to studies of other social groups, such as classes, gender, and ethnicity? I conclude my presentation with a discussion of the role of smallholders in pig husbandry in Chalcolithic and Bronze...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kristin De Lucia. Santiago Juarez.

Almost 25 years ago, Elizabeth Brumfiel (1992) argued that ecosystems approaches to archaeology hampered our understanding of social change by neglecting the internal dynamics, conflicts, and negotiations that arise from gender, class, and factional affiliations. Rather than adaptive systems, Brumfiel (1992:559) argued that "cultural systems are contingent and negotiated, the composite outcome of strategy, counterstrategy, and the unforeseen consequences of human action." Human agency is now...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew Rooney.

Homelessness is one of the most pressing social and political issues of our time. At least 570,000 people in the United States currently experience homelessness, and at least 175,000 of these live in unsheltered locations, which implies both exposure to weather and inadequate access to drinking water and sanitation resources. Most rehabilitation programs focus on returning such individuals to "normal" productive society, but research shows that many have abandoned wage labor and are instead...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jason Laffoon. Till Sonnemann. Menno Hoogland. Gareth Davies. Corinne Hofman.

Investigations of the dynamic relationships between humans and (non-human) animals are of interest to a broad range of scientific disciplines throughout the world. In the Caribbean, the complexities of island biogeography, transportation technologies, and human agency converge to condition the spatial distribution of both humans and animals. This region has long been characterized as relatively impoverished in higher order species diversity and scarcity of domesticated animals, yet the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Laura Scheiber. Amanda Burtt.

Interpreting past hunter-gatherer use of mountains has been hampered through the years by difficult access, excessive ground vegetation, and wilderness restrictions. With the regular occurrence of forest fires that have exposed hundreds of sites during the last decade, our knowledge of campsite structure and landscape use has dramatically improved. We now know that remote campsites often contain tens of thousands of artifacts that represent a greater commitment to mountain resources and places...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kendall Hills.

Early archaeological discourse depicts tropical environments as unsuitable loci for the emergence of the world’s “great” civilizations. Scholars now know this to be demonstrably untrue, as evidence of early complex societies with state level organization has been identified in tropical environments throughout the world. Like their counterparts of the more arid zones, amalgamation and increased integration would have been of great importance to early tropical states. In general, states seek to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anna Semon.

Recent excavations at Fallen Tree (9Li8), St. Catherines Island, GA have recovered thousands of ceramics. Although the majority of the decorated sherds are complicated stamped, more than 500 sherds are incised, which is more than any St. Catherines Island Mississippian site. In this paper, I characterize Late Mississippian mortuary and village incised pottery on St. Catherines based on temper, rim attributes, designs, and incising techniques. In addition, I examine vessel forms and sizes to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jeffrey Mitchem. Jami J. Lockhart. Timothy S. Mulvihill.

In June 2015, the Arkansas Archeological Society Training Program was held at the Richards Bridge site. This Parkin phase village lies along the Tyronza River and was contemporaneous with the Parkin site, located about 16 km away. Geophysical studies revealed well-preserved structure floors at Richards Bridge and four of these were chosen for excavation to see if their construction was identical to those at other Parkin phase sites. A search for fortifications revealed a wooden palisade, but no...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chloe Daniel. Shelby Putt. Robert Franciscus.

Homo sapiens is the only primate species that currently displays a population level preference for right hand dominance. Previous studies have attempted to establish methodologies to determine handedness from stone tool debris because of the link between handedness and brain lateralization of the classic language centers, and its implications for the evolution of language. However, these experimental studies have produced varied results, and it is questionable whether handedness can be...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lautaro Maximilian Hilbert. José Iriarte. Eduardo Góes Neves. Francisco Pugliese.

This paper will address and evaluate the micro botanical remains of the Monte Castelo (9343 calB.P) shell mound in southwestern lowland Amazonia (state of Rondonia) and the sambaqui do Tucumã (7.000 -4.000 B.P) located on the southeast lower Amazon River (state of Para). The focus in identifying and evaluating the floral dietary peculiarities of these specific pre-Colombian settlements from the principle that the south and southeast Brazilian shell mound occupants are known to have had a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jo Burkholder.

Rock art takes on a diversity of forms in the coastal valleys of Arequipa ranging from pictographs and petroglyphs to larger geoglyphs and rock alignments. This poster documents initial steps being taken to document and understand the contributions of all forms or rock art to the sacred geography and cultural landscape of this region before, during, and after the Middle Horizon period (400-1000 A.D.) Techniques being used include photo documentation, mapping, and viewshed/intervisibility...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ralf Vandam. Peter Tomkins. Bert Neyt. Becki Scott. Patrick Degryse.

A diachronic intensive survey in the Burdur Plain, carried out by the Sagalassos Archaeological Research Project, revealed that the excavated mound sites, such as Hacılar and Kuruçay Höyük, were no isolated features in the landscape, but part of a large settlement system of both shorter lived hamlets and small villages. The paper presents our survey results from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age II period (ca. 6500 – 2400 BC), alongside our outcomes of the provenance analyses (i.e....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rissa Trachman.

Ongoing investigations at the site of Dos Hombres are being conducted towards a multiscale perspective. Investigations in the hinterlands of Dos Hombres have revealed much about household and community organization there based on architectural, material culture, and water management feature remains. Evidence in the civic ceremonial center of Dos Hombres is being gathered towards a greater understanding of its role economically in the region, its occupation history, and socio-political...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David Lentz.

In addition to an extensive short fallow system and the intensive cultivation of dooryard gardens and orchards that probably produced a major portion of the food supply at Tikal, other forms of primary food production were being utilized, as well. Significantly, the Maya seem to have developed intensive hydraulic agriculture in the lands south of the Perdido Reservoir. Stratigraphic profiles, δ13C data, and other forms of archaeological evidence clearly indicate that maize was being cultivated...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Laura Galke.

During the antebellum period the town of Manassas, Virginia, was composed of free whites, and both free and enslaved black people. In this small community material culture played a crucial role in broadcasting status amongst its anxious constituents. They lived in an atmosphere where “whiteness” connoted cleanliness, order, freedom, and privilege. An individual’s proximity to, or distance from, whiteness yielded either powerful benefits or humiliating consequences. This was a community in which...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sheila Nightingale. Jessica Thompson. Alex Mackay. Flora Schilt. Elizabeth Gomani-Chindebvu.

Interpretations of specialized lithic technologies are based in part on the assumption that environmental change modifies local carrying capacities and requires foragers to adjust their resource acquisition strategies in response. Such models often account for innovation, in the form of specialized, standardized, and increasingly complex tool forms and foraging strategies, in environmental terms: environmental pressure produces demand for innovation, and when pressure subsides, technological...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sandrine Grouard.

Although island faunas are relatively well studied, there are few clear examples on faunal replacement, over periods of several centuries or a few millennia. This paper brings together results from ten years of zooarchaeological studies in three different Caribbean islands: Saint-Martin, Guadeloupe and Martinique. It presents data on presence (and absence) of terrestrial vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals), in relation to human activities in insular environments during the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert Tykot. Andrea Vianello.

Sicily is located in between two small island sources of obsidian, Lipari and Pantelleria. Their use of obsidian starting in the Early Neolithic (ca. 6000-6500 BC) is well documented, but only over the last few years have intensive studies been done on the specific sources and subsources of artifact assemblages from many museums and superintendencies. With the use of a portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometer, the specific source of many hundreds of obsidian artifacts from sites in Sicily...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dominique Bonnissent. Nathalie Serrand. Laurent Bruxelles. Pierrick Fouéré. Sandrine Grouard.

During the 4th millennium before Christ, the Lesser Antilles archipelago witnessed the development of insular societies. These communities which combined shellfish collection, fishing, submarine and terrestrial hunting, a proto-agriculture and gathering, developed a culture there rather specific to the tropical insular context. A diachronic and detailed study of the settlements over close to 4 millennia allows detecting an evolution in the human practices although they appear quite homogeneous...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lee Newsom.

I consider pre-European plant introductions of exotic fruit trees and other useful plants as a multi-faceted reflection of indigenous plant use, culminating a mosaic of vegetative components in a constructed environment. I focus in particular on the plant constituents of the cajoba ritual complex, drawing especially on recent data from Tibes and Jácana (Puerto Rico), along with relevant ethnographic records from mainland South America that describe ethnobotanical practices associated with...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jennifer Jones. Ana B. Marin Arroyo. Michael Richards.

The Cantabrian region Northern Spain was an archaeologically important region throughout the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic, and was home to some of the last surviving Neanderthals in Europe, and during the Last Glacial Maximum the region acted as a refugium for plants, animals and humans. Changes in the environment are thought to have been driving factors behind the extinction of the Neanderthals, the rise of Anatomically Modern Humans (AMHs), and later the development of the rich cave art...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Andrew Krug. Kyle Waller. Christine VanPool.

Previous studies of shell exchange in the Greater Southwest have supported archaeological interpretations of competing exchange networks in which the Hohokam, Sinagua, and Anasazi acquired shell from the Gulf of California, while the Casas Grandes, Mimbres, and Western Puebloan groups acquired shell from West Mexico. Notably, these studies found that Animas phase sites, including Joyce Well, clustered with the Casas Grandes shell network. In this study, we attempt to further studies of economic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Adrianne Offenbecker. Kyle Waller. Jane H. Kelley. M. Anne Katzenberg.

Casas Grandes is widely recognized as having cultural characteristics of both Mesoamerica and the American Southwest. Although the presence of objects and ideas from surrounding areas clearly demonstrates some degree of regional interaction, the nature and extent of Casas Grandes’ relationship with neighbouring communities is largely unresolved. In particular, one of the key issues in Chihuahuan archaeology is whether Medio period complexity arose from internal developments or external stimuli,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ashley Sharpe.

Animal management and resource exchange are essential to the development of state-level societies. Archaeological evidence for these activities has been particularly difficult to track in the Maya area, but recent advances in isotopic research may allow a novel opportunity to observe these practices. This study reviews new evidence for animal management and long-distance exchange at the lowland site of Ceibal, Guatemala, a large Maya community occupied throughout the Preclassic and Classic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Marieka Brouwer Burg.

While the benefits of GIS are widely touted among archaeologists today, less attention has been paid to the potential pitfalls and drawbacks of this undeniably important methodological tool. One of the greatest challenges of geospatial modeling is unbalanced data; due to the nature of the archaeological record, we can never assume that the remnants of past behavioral processes we are working with constitute a fully representative sample. Rather, our datasets are reflective of differential social...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ashley Packard.

This project looks at the spatial distribution of lithic and ceramic artifacts on slopes in Petrified Forest National Park to examine erosional impacts on distribution. Archaeologists use the spatial distribution of artifacts to identify features and their functions. Therefore, it is important that the affect of erosion moving artifacts out of their primary contexts is understood. It is hypothesized that patterns exist in the way artifacts erode downslope. Transects are put across site slopes...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Gabriel Ramon.

Swallows are a type of potter that travels seasonally to places away from their “home base” to practice their craft. For more than a century, and, in several parts of the world, ethnographers have documented this phenomenon, however, archaeologists have only addressed it tangentially. Yet swallows are important for archaeologists to consider, since they demonstrate that cultural interaction is not always limited to the distribution of pottery, but can also be important during the manufacturing...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rachael Kangas.

Summer library programming is a crucial element of the Florida Public Archaeology Network’s (FPAN) outreach efforts. Library programs are a common and important part of FPAN's work as they allow us to explore multiple approaches to engagement and education. The program "Superheroes of Stewardship" was developed by FPAN for the Orange County Public Library System's summer programming in 2015, and serves as an example of the efficacy of queer archaeology in engaging and educating young audiences....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lindsay Vermillion. Carolyn Boyd.

Shumla incorporates new technologies that are revolutionizing rock art illustration and documentation. This presentation discusses the method developed by Shumla to engage these technologies in the production of graphic databases. Using Adobe Photoshop and a Wacom Cintiq Interactive Pen Display, digital Photoshop layers are used to graphically document data for individual figures. These living documents include accurate scale illustrations and the color calibrated and enhanced photographs used...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert Rosenswig.

Long-known as an important Late Formative political center, Izapa was one of a string of early states extending down the Pacific coast from Chiapas to El Salvador. Izapa’s extensive sculpture, part of a pan-regional public art style, demonstrates ties with both the Guatemalan Highlands and Isthmian traditions. Philip Drucker first brought Izapa to world attention during the 1940s in the pages of National Geographic Magazine. In the 1960s, the New World Archaeological Foundation (NWAF)...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anthony Belz.

As the Haffenreffer Museum approaches the 60th anniversary of J. Louis Giddings' arrival as its first director, a concerted effort has been undertaken—over the past two years—to rehouse, organize, and describe the vast and rich archive that Giddings created during his long career. Giddings was a dedicated and organized record keeper, who left a great amount and variety of material at the Haffenreffer Museum upon his untimely death in late 1964. This collection in its entirely is related to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mary Miller.

Most Maya figurines have traditionally been evaluated on the basis of style and facture, and more recently, on the basis of archaeological context, where possible, as at Motul de San José, Guatemala. But what about the dozens of Jaina figurines in the Mexican national collections? Is there a way to examine the figurines typically considered to be mothers, lovers, weavers, wanderers, or warriors, almost none of which bear inscriptions, in such a way as to reevaluate the sort of assumptions made...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tristram Kidder. Edward Henry. Anthony Ortmann.

Monumental earthworks are a well-attested element of hunter-gather-fisher societies in the Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV) from ca. 7000-3000 cal B.P. Most famous among these earthworks is the Poverty Point site, ca. 3600-3200 cal B.P. However, earthen monuments in the LMV contemporary with Poverty Point remain enigmatic because their roles in the broader political economy of the region are not well understood. We present information from the Jaketown site in west-central Mississippi to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only D Clark Wernecke.

I was a returning (older) student, a market segment many universities have trouble relating to, fortunate to arrive at Florida Atlantic University with a number of other returning students. Dr. Kennedy let us run with our ideas, working CRM jobs, starting a lab on campus, and exploring our interests. Then one day, he comes to me and says, “I know this person who might need your skills” and I was off to Belize and Guatemala on the start of what has been both a great adventure and a rewarding...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Karen Lupo.

Some of David Madsen’s earliest work centered on understanding variation in Fremont lifeway’s, especially subsistence. Current models of Fremont subsistence continue to emphasize geographic and temporal variation in subsistence but also identify resource depression of large game resulting from over-hunting and increases in population. In this paper I present zooarchaeological data from 15 archeological sites on the eastern shore of Great Salt Lake spanning the Fremont interval. These data do not...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman.

Betsy Reitz is universally admired as a scholar, mentor, and colleague, and known for her prodigious production of high-quality, interdisciplinary, and rigorous scholarship. She taught her many students that research should be question-driven, anthropologically significant but not disciplinary confined, and multiscalar, with an emphasis on the long view. Betsy has long crossed the traditional divide between pre- and post-Columbian archaeology, exploring long-term trends in fisheries exploitation...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James Greene. Veronica Parsell. Kaye Grobe. Kathleen Settle.

Site 12LA0091 represents a unique archaeological setting in northwest Indiana. Located south of Lake Michigan on a sandy dune remnant situated topographically above the historic Kankakee Marsh, this prehistoric site has yielded invaluable information in understanding regional prehistoric subsistence activities from the Late Archaic to Upper Mississippian periods. A recent Phase III data recovery effort has provided data that can help refine the prehistoric chronological framework for northwest...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bethany Simpson. Emily Cole.

The Fayum region of Egypt was transformed by extensive agricultural development in the second century BCE; irrigation projects increased arable land, and many new towns and villages were founded in order to accommodate a growing population. These settlements were originally designed according to the Greek tradition of orthogonal grid planning, creating orderly "blocks" of buildings between intersecting streets. However, over time, layers of both civic and private domestic construction began to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael Arbuthnot. Michael Faught.

Restoration dredging of the Chassahowitzka Headsprings along the west coast of central Florida produced a wealth of artifacts representing virtually all culture periods including Paleoindian, Middle Archaic, early (Deptford) Woodland, late Woodland (Weeden Island), and Contact period Native American, as well as 16th through 20th century Euro-American (Historic) such as rare (broken) Majolica bowls and an asymmetrical paddle. All of the Euro-American artifacts can be attributed to secondary...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John Campbell.

Recent excavations at the Boswell Site (BfDf-08) in southwestern Nova Scotia have yielded a unique assemblage of Transitional Archaic artifacts. Dating to 3,630 ± 30 BP, the Boswell Site provides important insights into population movements during this period in Maine and the Maritime Peninsula. Previous archaeological investigations have led to debate concerning the relative importance of cultural diffusion and migration in the southern origins of broadpoint technology. By comparing artifacts...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark Slaughter. Richard Anduze. Jeremy Iliff. Garry Cantley. Terry McClung.

The Black Mesa Archaeological Project (1967-1987) was undertaken to clear archaeological sites to mine coal for the Navajo Generating Station. The original permit for this work expires in 2019. Working with project proponents, tribes, and other groups/individuals, Federal agencies are in the process of re-permitting (2019-2044) project features; these include the Kayenta Mine, Navajo Generating Station, a railroad, and two large powerlines. This poster summarizes the on-going cultural...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Patrick Wilkinson.

Caretakers, whether self-appointed or formally selected, have an immense impact on the distribution of material remains at sacred sites in modern day Haiti. This paper examines the ritual use of four caves in Haiti and the effects that four different caretakers have had on the ritual remains left behind after Vodou ceremonies have taken place. These cave/caretaker combinations include publicly accessed caves that are cared for by a cadre of self-appointed homeless men, a cave in private hands...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John Gorczyk.

Southeastern Europe has always played an important role in the story of the spread of Neolithic lifeways from the Near East into Europe. At times it has been seen as a bridge, barrier, or mosaic (Tringham 2000). As essential components of the "Neolithic Package", animals have been critical to the telling of this story. The availability of zooarchaeological data for the Neolithic in southeastern Europe has been uneven over the years, with some countries enjoying more coverage than others....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kassandra Rippee.

Tribal Historic Preservation Officers are responsible for the preservation and management of their Tribe’s cultural resources. For the Coquille Indian Tribe, that means engaging the community in the protection, preservation, and maintenance of these traditional resources. The Coquille Tribal Historic Preservation Office connects with the community in a number of ways, the most important of which is through its Kilkich Youth Corp. The Kilkich Youth Corp is a tribal employment and enrichment...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Meradeth Snow. Martha Gustafson. Kathy Gore.

Excavations at the Mine Canyon site, a PIII Chaco outlier near Farmington, New Mexico, revealed a cluster of thirteen individuals interred within Kiva B. Ancient DNA analysis of the individuals from the site demonstrated that six of the Kiva B internments belonged to the same derived form of Haplogroup A, suggesting a matrilineal relationship. Recent analysis of their burial positions suggests the Kiva B individuals are distinct from others at the site, further supported by a lack of grave...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Helena Pinto Lima. Glenda Bittencourt Fernandes.

Cross-regional and persistent ceramic attributes/styles may express networks of past indigenous societies. In this paper we present a characterization and the general context of a previously unknown ceramic complex at the mouth of the Xingu River area, Gurupá/Pará/Brazil. We discuss similarities and distinctions of these materials compared to other ceramic complexes. In a regional perspective, these ceramics show unprecedented and important data for late pre-colonial history in the lower Amazon:...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Aikaterini Psoma.

The Final Neolithic Period (FN) in the Aegean and the Greek mainland is characterized by the proliferation of settlements and the occupation of defensible sites. The Ksagounaki site, located at the northern entrance of the Alepotrypa cave at the Mani peninsula, appears to be a representative example of such a transition. In the present study we try and locate changes occurring in the entire spectrum of prehistoric life of the denizens of the site during the FN, drawing information from the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Glenn Schwartz.

While the emergence and early trajectory of urbanism has been extensively studied in southern Mesopotamia and in Syria, similar research has been conspicuously rare in northern Iraq. Fieldwork at Kurd Qaburstan (ancient Qabra?) on the Erbil plain conducted by the Johns Hopkins University now affords an opportunity to investigate a major Bronze Age urban center of northern Iraq. Since its main period of occupation is the Middle Bronze Age (Old Babylonian period, early second millennium BC), work...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alfonso Grave. Emmanuel Gómez.

Desde la excavación de Gordon Ekholm en Guasave en 1941, se consideró a la cerámica Aztatlán como una importación del centro de México. Algunos como el propio Ekholm y Hasso Von Winning mencionaron la posibilidad de que artesanos Mixteco-Poblanos hayan venido a enseñar su arte a los primitivos habitantes de la costa nayarita y sinaloense. Otros, más mesurados como Clement Meighan; Charles Kelley; Helmut Publ, Beatriz Braniff y John Pohl hablan de sistemas mercantiles de largo alcance e incluso...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Itaci Correa Girrulat. Franscico Gallardo. Mauricio Uribe. Michael Glascock. Matt Boulanger.

Beginning from 2500 years BP, coastal inhabitants of Antofagasta region began involved in the general Formative process of northern Chile. Despite their subsistence strategies remained based on hunting, fishing and collecting marine resources, some aspects of their material culture show notorious changes, as it happens with the developing of burial mound cemeteries. The offerings recorded at the graves suggest exchange intensification with other social groups. Significantly, between these...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paola Michel Flores.

El concepto “Mesoamérica” ha fungido como una herramienta útil que permite ordenar el amplio corpus de datos y materiales recuperados con suficiente coherencia y bajo un lenguaje común; no obstante, es posible afirmar que la Mesoamérica que definió Kirchhoff se ha desbordado en múltiples dimensiones, arrastrando consigo problemáticas en torno a la definición territorial, cronológica y conceptual, que varios autores se han esforzado por subsanar. En ese sentido, es conveniente cuestionarse y...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Joshua Freedline. Joanne Baron.

Located on one of the central embankments of El Rio San Pedro Martir, the Classic Maya polity of La Florida (Namaan) is situated between prominent polities of this period (250-909 A.D.). These polities include Piedras Negras, Pomona, and El Peru (Waka), all of which La Florida seems to have had positive trade relations with. During the 2015 field season as part of El Proyecto Arqueologíco La Florida, directed by Dr. Joanne Baron, I preliminarily investigated the view sheds between structures...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Diana Zaragoza.

A través del tiempo, la Huasteca ha sido objeto de considerables estudios arqueológicos que han aportado información diversa; esto nos ha llevado a tener una idea general del desarrollo de las diversas culturas que ahí se establecieron en época prehispánica. Sin embargo, esto no explica plenamente la situación que imperaba en la región. Dadas las generalizaciones hechas con los datos obtenidos, cada vez se hace más difícil comprender la evolución de los pueblos que ahí se asentaron; siendo la...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lourdes Budar.

Desde fechas muy tempranas en Mesoamérica, existe evidencia de navegación y tecnologías asociadas a ella; la mayor parte de este corpus está constituido por representaciones en estelas, figuras efigie, pictografías, improntas de canoas y algunos artefactos que se cree que fueron utilizados en estas actividades. La mayoría de los estudios y las propuestas se han enfocado en reconocer las tecnologías, las rutas de intercambio y su papel e importancia en el flujo de bienes suntuarios y/o...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christian Medellín Martínez. Verónica Pérez Rodríguez.

Mediante el análisis morfológico de los materiales líticos de talla obtenidos durante las excavaciones 2013-2015 del Proyecto Arqueológico Cerro Jazmín, se reconocerán las materias primas, formas y etapas de producción que se emplearon en diferentes zonas de este centro urbano mixteco, interpretadas como un área habitacional, áreas públicas y área de producción de figurillas, con el fin de profundizar en la producción lítica y en la economía del sitio. En las diferentes áreas de excavación se...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alberto Ortiz Brito.

Mucho antes de que el término Mesoamérica fuera acuñado para definir un área cultural particular, diversos arqueólogos ya se habían percatado de la amplia dispersión espaciotemporal de un gran número de manifestaciones plásticas correspondientes a un mismo estilo del periodo Preclásico al cual denominaron olmeca. Si bien es un hecho innegable que el estilo olmeca fue adoptado por muchos grupos humanos asentados en las diversas regiones de Mesoamérica, aún persiste la interrogante de qué tan...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christophe Helmke. Ismael Arturo Montero García.

El ritual calendárico conocido como la ceremonia del Fuego Nuevo era en muchos sentidos el rito fundamental de las culturas del altiplano central de México. Aquí, examinamos este ritual y su conexión a las cuevas, como se manifiesta en el Cerro de la Estrella, donde la última ceremonia del Fuego Nuevo fue celebrada por los mexicas en el año 1507. Sobre la base de las continuidades en el arte rupestre y las evidencias arqueológicas sugerimos que ceremonias del Fuego Nuevo ya se celebraban en el...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Gabriela García Ayala.

Las recientes investigaciones en el cerro Jazmín, sitio prehispánico dela Mixteca Alta Oaxaqueña, han comprobado que este sitio fue establecido en el periodo formativo, teniendo una ocupación constante del asentamiento hasta la llegada de los españoles. La excavación de una unidad habitacional en la terraza 912 del periodo Natividad da constancia de la continua ocupación del espacio y también un pequeño acercamiento a la forma de vida en esta época. El estudio de unidades habitacionales es...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Peter Stone.

Alexander the Great’s conquest of the Persian Empire ushered in the Hellenistic period, so called because of the ostensible spread of Greek culture across a vast landscape. Such a characterization is supported by the presence of Greek inscriptions and Greek style art and architecture at cities founded by Alexander and his successors. But this picture becomes complicated the further one moves from the centers of power. I Maccabees, an account of a Jewish revolt against the Seleucid dynasty...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ben Ford.

A shipwreck recently discovered in Lake Oneida, NY, and recorded by a team of professional and amateur archaeologists, appears to be the remains of an early 19th-century Durham boat. Durham boats plied the inland waters of the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic during the 18th and 19th centuries offering an efficient means to transport bulk cargoes during the pre-canal era. While no archaeological example of a Durham boat has been previously identified, this shipwreck closely matches all available...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ellen Lofaro. Jorge Luis Soto Maguino. John Krigbaum.

Known as La Iglesia de la Compañía de Jesus de Huamanga, the earliest Jesuit church in Ayacucho, Peru was built in 1605 directly off the main plaza. While famous for its baroque art, this standing church with a practicing congregation is in need of extensive renovations. As one of the first steps in a planned future restoration project, archaeological salvage was conducted in 2008, and uncovered human and faunal remains underneath the church floor, which were associated with various ceramic,...