Society for Historical Archaeology 2017

DOCUMENT Citation Only Samuel M Cuellar. Filipe Castro.

Ship's bells have long held the fascination of laypeople and scholars alike. Despite this fascination, little information is known about the earleist ship's bells from the 14th through the end of the 17th century. While numerous archaeological examples do exist, these either lack provenance, are fragmented, or do not follow a standarized method for analysis, making diagnostic comparisons exceedingly difficult or impossible. Recognizing this problem, the authors have undertaken the creation of a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert DeMuth.

The coal company towns found throughout West Virginia and Central Appalachia were compact, racially diverse communities housing African Americans, white americans, and various european immigrant groups.  However, when the industry contracted after World War II, racial firing practices meant that many African American families were forced to leave the area. These newly vacant lots were often repurposed for further industrial use, effectively destroying the material record of many of the African...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Fernanda Kalazich.

Prostitution and prostitutes, despite their alleged ubiquity in time-space and exponential growth with industrialization, have rarely been the focus of historical inquiry, let alone of archaeology, with exceptional exceptions. With New Orleans’ red-light district Storyville as source of inspiration, this study seeks to archaeologically document prostitution in saltpeter boomtowns (salitreras) and ports of Northern Chile (1880-1930), aiming to identify and characterize the spaces of prostitution...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melissa A Agnew.

The San Antonio Missions were established along the San Antonio River in the 18th century by the Spanish in order to convert the native populations to Christianity and to buffer the French settlements to the east. These colonial institutes brought Spanish Catholic priests and indigenous groups together under one roof, merging cultural practices and beliefs. The missions are now a UNESCO World Heritage site and a vital part of San Antonio’s history and tourism industry. This paper presents a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dessa E. Lightfoot.

Cattle husbandry systems in Colonial Virginia and Colonial Connecticut diverged greatly from a shared British origin. Husbandry choices were not made in isolation, but instead this divergence was the result of a complex interplay between colonial goals, social organization, and changing British culinary fashions.  Did the role of beef in regional Virginian and Connecticuter cuisines vary from contemporary British uses?  Did they vary significantly from each other?  By exploring the history of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Chelsea Cohen.

Reconstructions of submerged urban landscapes hold an important role in understanding the potential past form and function of a site. As these reconstructions grow more prominent, the tools used to manipulate and evaluate these reconstructions become increasingly more important. This project endeavors to expand that tool set by using GIS-based visibility analyses as a means of evaluating reconstructions and using them to contextualize the relationship between port cities and seafarers. Working...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bert S. Ho. Kelly Gleason Keogh.

In June of 2017, the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Midway will occur as archeologists begin the first dedicated project to discover the sunken aircraft at the atoll involved in the battle. Often considered as the turning point of the Pacific Front in World War II, Midway has been difficult to study archaeologically because of the remoteness of the location, and the difficulty in surveying around the treacherous reefs that surround it. Efforts to locate submerged aircraft have been made...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Miguel Gutierrez.

Archaeological recovery efforts at the site of CSS Georgia revealed brass and copper instruments known as gun sights. These gun sights facilitated the aiming of naval guns and are relatively rare in archaeological settings. After the American Civil War, material composed of cupreous metals, such as these sights, was melted and repurposed. A maker’s mark stamped on one of these instruments indicates that the manufacturer of these items was a certain Daniel Edwards whose foundry business was in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dane T. Magoon.

Like any type of archaeologically recovered material culture, the debris found at an aircraft crash site can be classified in a myriad of ways, potentially focused upon shape, function, material, and/or interpretive value for the specific research questions at hand.  While DPAA archaeology is informed by the broader patterns of archaeological interpretation and analysis, the focus of a DPAA crash site investigation or recovery effort is upon a singular event, such as the loss of an individual...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dennis Jones. Donald Bourgeois.

After the Seven Years War in 1763, French aligned Alabama Indians found their eponymous homeland jeopardized by conflicts with Native American neighbors. Over the next few years, groups of Alabama sought refuge in what is now Louisiana. In the early 1770s, one Alabama group moved to the east bank of the Mississippi River near Bayou Manchac in what was then British West Florida. Now an insignificant waterway, Manchac was an international boundary between the British and Spanish in the 18th...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Courtney E Singleton.

Sympathy is a sentiment that involves the recognition of self in another on the grounds of similitude. For archaeologists sympathy is an important concept as it is materially based and allows for communication across various boundaries of difference. Most scholars tend to focus on the body and embodied experience as the grounds for sympathetic connection. However, archaeologists can evoke sympathy in the marked absence of bodies in order to connect across spatial, temporal, and social boundaries...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rogelio Casas Jr. Byul Hur. Erika Davila. Grace Tsai.

System of Environmental Analysis (SEA), a portable environmental sensor for liquids which can track pH, ambient temperature, humidity, and which contains a peristaltic pump for sample collection, was developed for the Ship Biscuit & Salted Beef Research Project at Texas A&M University to record changes in chemical composition and other features of cask contents. A prototype of SEA was designed to record the data from the sensors and send the data via Bluetooth communication. Environmental sensor...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anna-Kaisa Salmi.

The paper focuses on the archaeology of religious ritual of the Sámi, an indigenous group populating the northern parts of Fennoscandia. I will discuss how religious ritual, especially animal offerings, transformed in response to colonial contact with the Swedish and Norwegian settlers. The animal offerings, given to negotiate success in hunting, fishing, and reindeer husbandry among other things, reflected the shifting economic and religious importance of various animal species. I will argue...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James R Pruitt.

The study of submerged aircraft, while not new, is still a relatively unexplored area of maritime archaeology. Receiving even less attention is the study of site formation processes as they apply to submerged aircraft wreck sites—what processes affected the site between the time it crashed and now? These studies are becoming increasingly important, especially for cultural resource managers who are responsible for managing submerged aircraft. This paper summarizes the results of a case study of a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Amanda Rasmussen. Katherine Peresolak.

With millions of acres under their care, the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR) must address woodlots, resource extraction, and other energy and recreation-related tasks. Cultural resources and their management are often forgotten or ignored, yet several technologies are available that all state land management agencies and employees can and should learn to implement in order to address this void in overall land and heritage conservation. This poster will focus...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michelle M. Damian.

Spring 2016 marked the first time maritime archaeology was taught to undergraduates at Harvard University. No diving was required for this introductory class, so in order to give the students the experience of researching and identifying a "wreck site" the class partnered with the Peabody Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology. The museum collection contained a number of models that were not on display due to space constraints. The class therefore used the museum ship models as substitutes for an...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lindsay A Kiel.

The neophyte housing complex of Mission Santa Clara de Asís, one of the five Spanish missions established in the San Francisco Bay Area during the California Mission Period, was excavated between 2012 and 2014. Excavations unearthed numerous refuse pits that contained a variety of artifacts including large numbers of faunal remains. Feature 157, the focus of this research, was made up of three distinct multi-use pit sub-features that contained the remains of a variety of fauna. The assemblage...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jacqueline M Thiry. Kaitlyn E Horisk.

This poster presents analysis of children’s toys from two features excavated during the 2014 field season at a nineteenth- and twentieth-century Texas-Alsatian homestead in Medina County, Texas. The features that we focus on in this analysis are a slack-lime pit and a well, whose depositions are largely comprised of 20th-century artifacts. Toys considered include clay marbles, a "Frozen Charlotte" doll, and a promotional Little Orphan Annie seal.  We address the socioeconomic status of occupants...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kerry Nichols.

The historical record offers only brief references to the village of Sha’chahdinnih or Timber Hill as the last Caddo settlement in the traditional Caddo homeland. Unfortunately, not long after its abandonment in the early 1840’s, its true location was lost to historians. In 1998, the combined efforts of archival and field researchers succeeded in locating a site designated as 41MR211, and believed to be a possible location for Timber Hill. In the interest of confirming the identity and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sanna Lipkin. Erika Ruhl.

Archaeological textiles are a rare find, often closely associated with human remains. While the decay of human remains is impacted and even slowed by the presence of funerary clothes, decomposition processes can likewise serve to preserve textile materials. This paper examines the taphonomy of funerary textiles in close association with human remains in northern Finnish contexts, addressing a series of in situ burials still "dressed" in funerary clothing. Some burials examined in this paper...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Daniel Baicy.

In 1755, the Board of Trustees of the City of Alexandria, tasked prominent merchant, Thomas Carlyle with providing the Alexandria with a public warehouse.  The warehouse, once built, would be rented out to various merchants on behalf of the town for several decades.  The well preserved foundations of one of the earliest public buildings in Alexandria was uncovered beneath nearly 10 feet of building debris along Alexandria’s waterfront. The following is a brief history of the warehouse, the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William White. Brandi E. Bethke.

The boarding school system of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was designed by the United States government as a formal program to eradicate Native American cultural identities and lifeways. It was a system that removed Native children from their families and forced them into to a way of life that garishly clashed with their traditional beliefs and culture. One of the primary goals of the Cut Bank Boarding School on the Blackfeet Reservation in Browning, Montana was to transform...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jessica Hughston.

This paper explores the usefulness of employing theories of place in illuminating the nuanced experiences of Native children in the late 19th and early 20th centuries at Stewart Indian School in Carson City, Nevada. Stewart Indian School was established in 1890 by the Bureau of Indian Affairs with the goal of stripping surrounding Washoe, Paiute, and Shoshone children of their tribal identity through the imposition of Euroamerican education and vocational training. During the last two centuries,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tyler M Caldwell.

This poster will outline the ten coastal fortifications that ring Cyprus. Using GIS this poster will show the line of site of these fortifications. The line of site will include the Mediterranean Sea. Using this data, it will be possible to extract distance from the shore, and from that it will be possible to calculate reaction time for the population to retreat inland during a raid. The Crusader Era was chosen specifically due to the fact that piracy and raiding was heavily present around...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alexander Anthony.

Since the foundation of the Society for Historic Archaeology 50 years ago changing technology has dramatically transformed historic document research.  Historical data that would’ve taken countless hours of research to uncover is now available through a few clicks of a mouse. Modern technology cannot be relied upon for all historic research; it can, however, lead the researcher down previously undiscovered paths. Document research initiated in 2013 has aided in the reinterpretation of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katlyn R Likely.

Lindenwood archaeology students have been excavating a pre-1960s university trash dump. Finds include glass shards with a breakage pattern originally hypothesized to be artistically cut glass.  With no evidence of wear from cutting, we undertook heating experiments and now interpret the glass shards as being the result of thermal breakage, possibly due to trash burning. 

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katherine D. Thomas.

Naughty Dog’s Uncharted series and Square Enix’s Tomb Raider series are two of the most popular gaming titles on the market. With combined sales of 73 million units, in addition to movies, books, and graphic novels, these two franchises have widespread reach and influence. Both titles feature "archaeologists" as their protagonists, and they each have a different approach to material culture. This paper will compare and contrast these two franchises in search of positive representation and how we...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael Lavin. David Givens.

Modern science is helping to solve mysteries from 400 year old contexts at Jamestown. Micro Computed Tomography allows conservators and archaeologists to analyze artifacts in 3D without disturbing the integrity of the object. A high tech investigation was performed on a silver box, recovered from atop a coffin, which revealed the objects held within. Another artifact, metallic fringe, was discovered inside an anthropomorphic coffin. This object had been placed on the individual’s upper torso,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Cathrine M. Davis.

This presentation will seek to highlight the use of lead seals ("bale seals") as documentary artifacts that reveal pertinent information relative to the varieties of cloth and merchant networks once connected with archaeological sites. Used in the 17-18th centuries to mark merchandise, especially cloth, these metal tags are found in Europe and at European colonial sites, where they remain as silent witnesses to the markets and consumers of the past. Their markings and imprints give us a glimpse...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James Gibb. Kathleen Clifford.

Belair began in the 1740s as the plantation of Samuel Ogle, one of Maryland’s proprietary governors and a prominent member of one of the colony’s most influential extended families. Field archaeology and archival research identified two significant alterations to the mansion and curtilage: removal of surrounding dependencies and construction of a telescoping addition in the early 19th-century, and removal of the addition and construction of flanking hyphens and wings in the early 20th century,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mateusz Polakowski.

Three-dimensional technologies have provided new ways to record, reconstruct, and distribute the information gathered during fieldwork and subsequent study. This paper will overview the ongoing methodologies used to document and interpret the Egadi 10 ramming warship through theoretical reconstruction in Rhino and Orca3D as well as the importance of using contributory reconstruction to produce new research questions. It will also discuss how additional recording techniques, employed during the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Emma D. Richards. Willa C. Richards.

Photography is an integral part of the archeological recordation process. This paper compares and contrasts the photographic methods of the 1991/1992 Milwaukee County Poor Farm Cemetery (MCPFC) excavations and the 2013 MCPFC excavations. In each case, the photographic record preserves the original burial context and is useful for analysis after that context is destroyed. The differences between the photographic methods of the 1991/92 excavations and the 2013 excavations represent not only...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Patricia B. Richards.

This paper provides a retrospective look at the political, regulatory, methodological, and ethical conundrums that characterize ongoing research that emerged from an archeological recovery contract completed in 1992. Today, the Milwaukee County Poor Farm Cemetery (MCPFC) project has developed into a multifaceted research initiative focused on one of the largest systematically excavated and permanently curated collections of osteological and material culture remains in the United States. Since...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Samantha Ellens. Athena I Zissis.

Time Jumpers is a classroom initiative designed for middle school students within southeast Michigan inspired by an array of educational outreach programs across the country. Implemented by Wayne State University archaeology student volunteers and faculty, this portable learning program is run as part of the Unearthing Detroit Project which focuses upon collections-based research and public archaeology in Detroit, MI. Time Jumpers integrates hands-on activities, artifact interpretation, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John R. Underwood. Lizbeth J. Velasquez.

Landscapes can possess historical values coming from the full range of human history. Because the recognition and definition of archaeological resources is broad and not always well understood, identification and evaluation of such resources at the Phase I level must be made carefully, especially under the contexts of Section 106 compliance. The use of a variety of historic cartographic sources has proven extremely valuable in identifying, defining, and assessing these cultural resources. While...

DOCUMENT Citation Only mario castillo. Nicholas Perez.

Social life in the Fort Davis community was cleaved along ethnic, racial and gendered differences, which were reinforced in the forts architectural layout. The scale of interaction along these social fault lines has been studied in many ways, but the role of the topography in structuring interaction at the fort has not been fully explored. Rather than taking the spatial configuration at Fort Davis as a natural fact, we develop a deep particularism, to determine how entrained geology conditions...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David P. Howe. P. Brendan Burke.

Since 2008 the Institute for Maritime History (IMH) has supported a research project at the confluence of the St. Marys and Potomac rivers. This area is the suspected locus of Lord Dunmore’s scuttled fleet from 1776. As the last British colonial governor of Virginia, Dunmore fled the colony with a flotilla of loyalists, soldiers, and sailors. Aboard the civilian fleet, guarded by Royal Navy sloops and a frigate, Dunmore unsuccessfully attempted to restore order to an unravelling colony. After...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Fernando Astudillo. Ross W. Jamieson.

In 1878 Manuel J. Cobos founded a large-scale agricultural operation on the island of San Cristóbal, Galápagos. A merchant from the Ecuadorian coast, Cobos’ El Progreso operation, with 300 labourers at its peak, produced sugar, cane alcohol, leather, and a variety of other agricultural products exported to the city of Guayaquil on the Ecuadorian mainland. His home was several days sailing from Guayaquil to San Cristóbal, and 8 km uphill by oxcart or on horseback to the interior of the island....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Blair Atcheson. Alexis Catsambis.

The Naval History and Heritage Command established an archaeological research permitting program in 2000 by federal regulation 32 CFR 767 and in 2015, revised that program pursuant to the Sunken Military Craft Act. The U.S. Navy’s sunken military craft, in addition to their historical value, are often considered war graves, may carry classified information or materials, or contain environmental or public safety hazards. Accordingly, the Department of the Navy prefers non-intrusive research on...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carolyn White. Carolyn White.

In 2015, we participated in an artist residency in Tokyo. Working collaboratively, we embarked on a photography-based project that explores the use of tape in Tokyo subway stations. Among other functions, the tape is used to provide direction for passengers, mark borders, and instruct construction crews. Contrasting other collaborative work, the art led the project. The culmination of this project was an exhibition in Tokyo in 2016. This paper will reflect on the Tokyo Tape Project and the roles...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Richard Veit.

Cemetery studies have been an important minor chord in historical archaeology since the discipline came of age in the 1960s.  Generations of students have learned about seriation by reading Deetz and Dethlefsen’s seminal works on colonial New England tombstones (A project  where Bob assisted with the fieldwork).  More recently, many other historical archaeologists: Baugher, Brown, Cippolla, Crowell, Heinrich Mackie, Mytum, Stone, Tarlowe, and this author, have trod in this same well-worn...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lorena D Mihok.

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the British Crown viewed the Caribbean as the geographical hub within which it would be able to obtain key resources and to challenge the growing power of the Spanish Empire. In 1742, Augusta was established as a British military outpost on Roatán Island, Honduras, because of its strategic location across the Bay of Honduras from the Spanish settlement of Trujillo. In this paper, I use the term "royalization" to refer to the strategies employed by...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lisa E. Fischer.

Digital technologies are creating new ways to record, interpret, and present archaeological data.  GIS and other technologies have long been part of the approach to field recording and data management for the Jamestown Rediscovery project, which has been ongoing since 1994. With approximately 80% of the original 3-sided fort excavated to date, the timing is opportune for exploring new approaches, like 3D modeling, for analyzing and interpreting James Fort. Creating 3D models of the site will...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Charles Orser.

Hierarchical, capitalist society, though inherently domineering and oppressive, creates spaces for self-actualization. These spaces, most often transitory and short-lived, allow for a degree of class-based self-liberation. Using ideas from anarchist thinkers, I explore the concept of self-liberation with specific reference to two archaeological sites: the seventeenth-century maroon community of Palmares in northeast Brazil, and a nineteenth-century tenant-farming community in central Ireland...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kathryn O. Fay.

The Louisa McWorter home site provides a rare opportunity to explore social dynamics and community relations within the 19th century integrated town of New Philadelphia, Illinois. Louisa, an African-American woman freed from slavery as a child, married one of the sons of town founders Frank and Lucy McWorter. Widowed early in her marriage, Louisa became legal head of household and owner of multiple lots in New Philadelphia as well as several hundred acres of farmland. My historical and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Charlotte J Newman.

The townhouse is an icon in the London landscape.  Constructed on mass throughout the city, the townhouse was often designed as a flexible space to accommodate the ever changing needs of the Londoner.  Across the social spectrum, the complex negotiation between domestic, commercial and industrious space defined the evolution of the townhouse.  For the working or modest middling classes, the town house often became a multifaceted space accommodating trade, industry, lodgers, and owners, whilst...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tyler Ball.

This abstract contains a new methodology for locating scattered artifacts from the orginal shipwreck site by using NOAA data and oceanographic theory.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mary Jo Galindo.

Camp Bowie, near the headwaters of the Colorado River in Brown County, Texas, is surrounded by what the Spanish referred to as "Comanchería," or Comanche Country. The Texas Military Department completed a Traditional Cultural Properties (TCP) survey of Camp Bowie during which, representatives of the Comanche Nation visited a total of 45 sites and identified six locales as TCPs, while defining historic Comanche components for 41 sites. The Mescalero Apache visited a total of 31 sites, including...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lily E Carhart.

During his lifetime, George Washington's Mount Vernon Estate spanned 8,000 acres and encompassed five separate farms, four of which were used for large-scale cultivation of field crops. The exception was Mansion House Farm, where the only cultivation consisted of kitchen gardens, vineyards, and some agricultural experimentation. Yet a substantial number of iron agricultural tools have been found archaeologically. This study addresses the anomaly by focusing specifically on the agricultural hoes...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jennifer F McKinnon.

Two seasons of East Carolina University’s Program in Maritime Archaeology field school have focused on the Pillar Dollar Shipwreck in Biscayne National Park. Named by locals after Spanish pillar dollar coins, the shipwreck was once a training site for treasure hunters in the 1960s. Despite suffering years of looting and treasure hunting, the shipwreck is remarkably robust with large sections of the structure buried intact. This paper presents the results of excavation and mapping on this...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katelyn Kean.

This research will present the findings of an archaeological evaluation focusing on the manipulation of the enslaved landscape throughout Southern Maryland in the 18th and 19th centuries. By analyzing the landscape of slave quarters at Bowens Road II (18CV151) and Smith’s St. Leonard’s (18CV91) more information of Maryland’s plantation landscape can be understood and compared throughout the Middle-Atlantic region. An analysis of artifact distribution focusing on several artifact types throughout...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Daniel E. Bishop. Kotaro Yamafune. Dan Bishop. Alex Burford.

To use 3-D photogrammetric models as scientific data, it is essential for archaeologists to use local coordinate systems to constrain their photogrammetric models to 1:1 scale. This enables archaeologists to take measurements directly from their models. Direct Survey Methods (DSM) are often used to create local coordinate systems; however, DSM often requires several days of diving operations, which may become problematic when recording large or deep-water sites. As a quick alternative method,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Travis M. Williams.

A state-owned museum in Park Hill, Oklahoma, the George M. Murrell Home, held their first annual Antique Agricultural Festival (AgFest) in October 2016. Much of the festivities involved living history demonstrations of mid-19th century agricultural practices, including horse-drawn plowing. In collaboration with the organizers and participants of AgFest, I oversaw an experimental archaeology research project documenting the effects of this plowing on artifact distribution and site formation...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jon H Budd.

Over the last twenty years, the Texas Department of Transportation has conducted extensive historical and archeological research uncovering forgotten aspects of the rich cultural heritage of African Americans in Texas. This discussion touches upon major transportation undertakings where African American history was discovered and documented. These include the Ruben Hancock Site, the Freedman’s Cemetery, and the Ransom and Sarah Williams Freedman’s Homestead.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Eric Schweickart.

The rapid increase in the cultural and geospatial distance between the individuals who produce household goods and the individuals who consume them which has occurred over the last few hundred years requires historical archaeologists to develop typologies which acknowledge artifact qualities which are meaningful to consumers as well as producers. In a previous SHA presentation, the author hypothesized that artifact qualities which only meaningful to producers should respond differently to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Amelia Chisholm.

Archaeological excavations began during the summer of 2016 at Fort Germanna, an 18th century piedmont Virginia fort.  The fort was built in 1714 at the bequest of Governor Alexander Spotswood to expand the western frontier of Virginia.  Fort Germanna was only in existence for 4 years, from 1714-1718, and inhabited by German miners brought to Virginia by Spotswood to set up an iron mine.  While building the research agenda for this project we consider how a German ethnicity and identity could be...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael P Scafuri.

On February 17, 1864, the Civil War submarine H.L. Hunley detonated its spar-mounted torpedo against the hull of USS Housatonic, sinking the blockading ship several miles off the coast of Charleston, SC. While successful, this attack also resulted in the loss of Hunley. Recent conservation work on the hull of the submarine has revealed more details about the condition of the submarine and provided new clues about the causes and relevance of some of the damage found to the submarine. This paper...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mallory L Moran.

The indigenous people of northeastern North America utilized the river systems of the continent to form an extensive network of travel and communication. While the riverine system offered the opportunity for local and long-distance connections between communities, the environmental dynamics of the system presented challenges for travelers. The directionality of water flow patterns, coupled with seasonal variations in flow magnitude and water temperature, meant that the difficulty of travel...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Louise Tizzard. Paul Baggaley. Dave Norcott.

Over recent decades, offshore developments in the UK have given archaeologists access to large areas of seafloor which would not otherwise have been subjected to archaeological investigation. Heritage assets within these areas comprise remains of vessels, aircraft and associated debris associated with ports and harbours, maritime trade routes and activity associated with war. While the larger assets are often understood, the smaller or more ephemeral assets are more difficult to identify, but...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paul Farnsworth.

Historical archaeologists have explored the plantation landscapes of the Caribbean for more than 50 years, and there have been archaeological excavations at historical sites on every major island.  However, there are still islands where there have not been any previous excavations at historic sites, including plantations.  Anguilla was one such island until June 2017 when archaeological survey and excavations began at the Wallblake Estate to understand the plantation landscape and the major...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Shaiyon Merkel.

Drawing from historical records and archaeological data, we used multilayer neural networks to construct a sociocultural model of the Irish Famine.  We found that Capital Exchange optimization for non-elites frequently contained polynomial-time mappings to the Assignment and Knapsack problems (which are both NP-hard).  However, we only occasionally encountered nontrivial instances of these mappings when the same algorithms were applied to elites.  That pattern of asymmetric computational...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John de Bry.

This paper endeavors to take a critical look at underwater archaeology research in Cuban coastal areas, mostly after 1959.  Stress is made on the early research and the organizations which participated and the foreign companies which made an effort in underwater archaeological excavation on the Cuban shelf.  However, this paper underlines the controversial role played by Carisub, a company in charge of underwater archaeological research until 2004, and its role in granting permits for commercial...

DOCUMENT Citation Only L. Meghan Dennis.

Since the late 1970s, archaeology and archaeologists have appeared within games presented on every major video game and console format. From the earliest depictions as treasure hunters within games such as the Atari 2600’s temple crawler, Quest for Quintana Roo, to more nuanced portrayals within PC gaming’s recent field school simulator, C14 Dating, changes to how the public privileges and disregards the reality of archaeological practice can be traced through how the discipline is represented...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Becca Peixotto. Mary Elizabeth Ibarrola.

Throughout most of the Atlantic world, Maroons play a critical role in local, regional, and even national histories.  In contrast, marronage in colonial America and the early United States is largely absent from the American historical narrative.  Thousands of Maroons lived in The Great Dismal Swamp, located in Virginia and North Carolina, from the late 17th century until Emancipation. And, Maroons played a critical role in slowing US expansionism in Florida, once known as a refuge for escaped...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Madeline J. Roth. Jennifer F McKinnon.

KOCOA military terrain analysis is a tool used to interpret and analyze terrestrial, and more recently, naval battlescapes; however there has been little experimentation with the application of KOCOA to aerial combat. Renewed interest in the June 1942 attack on Midway atoll (coinciding with the 75th anniversary of the attack) presented researchers with an opportunity to expand KOCOA definitions to incorporate aerial combat into terrain analysis. The resulting terrain features were used to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Karen E. Martindale. Kelsey Rooney.

The 2015 excavation of CSS Georgia yielded nearly 30 buttons spanning the time from the Revolutionary War to the Civil War. Uniform buttons played an important part of distinguishing between troops, duties, and rank in the military. Changes in design from year to year and manufacturer to manufacturer can inform researchers of the earliest date a button may have been used, where it was manufactured, and where the individual wearing it may have been located during his service. While sourced based...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Emily Epstein. Patricia B. Richards.

One dog (Canis lupus familiaris) was recovered from a six-sided wooden coffin among the human interments identified during the Milwaukee County Poor Farm Cemetery Removal Project of 2013.  Milwaukee County used the cemetery (ca. 1880 – 1920) to bury people who died at institutions located on the country grounds or to bury individuals with survivors unable to afford burial elsewhere. The cemetery is contemporaneous with the establishment of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erika Johnson.

A large mitigation project in central Nevada resulted in the collection of over 3,500 can specimens. Besides the typical, mass-produced, nineteenth and early twentieth-century can varieties that are well-documented, several unusual can types were also identified. These include cans with more than one vent hole, atypical seams, and large filler caps. Archival and archaeological evidence indicates the Cortez Mining District once had a large diverse population, with canned products imported from...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jeremy Pye.

Parasites have had a significant impact on the course of human history. Activities of a variety of parasites throughout the world can lead to lethargy, dementia, malabsorption of nutrients, bowel obstruction, internal bleeding, blindness, physical disability and deformation, and many other symptoms of disease. Furthermore, parasites have caused the deaths of countless individuals, have resulted in the abandonment of settlements, and have even affected the outcome of wars. The effect that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anna G Holloway.

On March 9, 1862 in the placid waters of Hampton Roads in Virginia, the Union steam-battery Monitor met the Confederate ram Virginia (née Merrimack) in battle. Though this first clash of ironclads was technically a draw, it helped to usher in a new era in naval warfare. It also ushered in over 150 years of popular music, poetry, artwork, alcohol, clothing, sports teams, farm equipment, and home appliances inspired by the meeting of these two vessels. Interest in the Monitor in the 20th and 21st...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Austin L Burkhard.

Scattered near the coastline of Assateague Island, along the Maryland/Virginia border, hundreds of ships met their demise through harsh weather conditions and treacherous shoals. Similar environmental factors have allowed archaeologists to document and collect data on these sites through the establishment of a Historic Wreck Tagging Program. The author, working for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, developed and implemented a system to track the degradation and movement of shipwreck timbers as...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kathryn H Deeley.

Following the end of Reconstruction, the leaders of the African American community strove to combat negative stereotypes presented by the White majority using various strategies of racial uplift designed to develop a positive Black identity. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, these strategies could be classified as strategies of inclusion, advocated by scholars such as Booker T. Washington and Nannie Helen Burroughs, and strategies of autonomy, described by W.E.B. Du Bois and Anna Julia...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Celso Zefanias Simbine.

This paper presents the results of the archeological survey of porcelain shreds and beads that were collected from beaches in the Mozambique Island maritime landscape. This assemblage represents a long history of maritime interactions dating to at least the 15th century initially focused on the Indian Ocean, but eventually also encompassing the Atlantic. It first describes the collected assemblage (which includes significant representation from the Ming Dynasty (Wanli period 15th to 16th...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kristina J. Fricker.

In terrestrial archaeology, creating a vertical stratigraphic profile of a site is crucial to fully understanding site formation processes and wider contexts.  Vertical profiling in underwater archaeology however, is more challenging and time consuming.  As a result, profile data is often not collected unless there is a distinct difference in stratigraphic layers or it is reserved for more crucial aspects of an excavation such as ship timbers.  The purpose of this paper is to propose that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ana C Rodriguez. George Amaiz.

Previous analysis of ceramics from the historic center of Barcelona in Venezuela demonstrated that the decorative motifs of English ceramics and other European countries influenced the shaping of the identity of Barcelona during the 19th century. In this paper, we compare the Barcelona study with collections with the Historical Center of Caracas, in order to establish whether this change and unification of patterns and customs in everyday life was also reflected in the capital of Venezuela. This...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Maddy E Fowler. Amy L Roberts. Lester-Irabinna Rigney.

This paper details the discovery of early 20th century sailcloth and fishing net samples pertaining to the lives of Aboriginal peoples on Point Pearce Aboriginal Mission (Burgiyana). Biographies for the samples are explored, from which it is argued that these objects may have many viewpoints assigned to them. The sailcloth and fishing net samples allow the telling of complex stories from the past and present. These stories include the resilience, adaptability and strength of Narungga culture...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kevin A Gidusko. Bernard K. Means.

Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and printing are cutting-edge applications at the frontiers of archaeological data collection and dissemination. Recent advances in 3D modeling, coupled with reduced costs, provides broad access to these technologies, making them increasingly viable tools for archaeologists to share information not only with each other, but also with the public. Two case studies representing this type of public archaeology can be found in the separate efforts currently undertaken...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sean C Cox.

In the past decade, new software has made it easier and less expensive for archaeologists to use the tools of photographers and game designers to produce novel outreach tools with photogrammetry. Among these relatively new applications is the ability to create virtual worlds from photographic and video data. The public can now access a number of archaeological sites through game platforms, like Steam, using VR goggles and mobile devices to experience a site. This paper addresses means of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Maxwell Forton.

Petrified Forest National Park is recognized for its rich fossil deposits, stunning vistas, and Ancestral Puebloan archaeological sites. Almost lunar in appearance, the arid landscape is often depicted and perceived as a primordial wilderness frozen in time.  However, recently archaeologists have recorded and researched a range of historic era inscriptions and petroglyphs in the park’s backcountry. Despite documenting the presence of a diverse array of peoples upon this landscape, historic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kellam Throgmorton.

Transportation networks greatly influence the movement of commodities into a community. This paper uses a model of commodity flow developed by Pred (1964) and elaborated on by Adams and colleagues (2001) to analyze glass bottle assemblages from Castroville, Texas. The model suggests that a combination of commodity value, shipping costs, and distance from the North American manufacturing hub influence the movement of goods around the country ca. 1880-1950, creating regional differences in market...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert VanderHeiden. John D. Richards.

Material culture can generally be interpreted using three broad perspectives that view objects as historical documents, commodities, or ideas. The analysis of glass bottles from historic archaeological contexts provides an especially compelling example of the utility of this approach. Bottle manufacturers often kept detailed records of changes in design, decoration, and style. As a result, glass bottles encode a wealth of information and can often be used to gauge the degree of connectedness...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tane Renata Casserley.

More than any other place in the United States, coastal Virginia and North Carolina serve as a uniquely accessible underwater museum and memorial to WWII’s Battle of the Atlantic. Since 2008, NOAA’s Monitor National Marine Sanctuary and partners have documented and surveyed this unique collection of WWII Allied and German vessels. NOAA’s goal is to protect these fragile historic resources for future generations, and to preserve the memory of the brave Allied service men and U.S. merchant...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ian P Harrison.

In 1939, the Union of South Africa was caught unprepared for war. Lacking a servicable navy, the Union Defense Force was neverthelss tasked with protecting Allied supply lines through the Southern Ocean. Despite establishing a series of coastal defenses and RADAR stations to this end, Allied merchants rounding the Cape continued to suffer heavy casualties. As these losses mounted, competing ethnic, cultural, and political factions within the Union began using the U-boat war as fuel for their...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David M Markus.

As an artifact category, ceramics, especially those decorated with transferprints, represent one of the most ubiquitous pieces of material culture in historical archaeology. While a substantial amount research has been conducted on the origins and development of the transferprint technology, there is still considerable confusion regarding the introduction and popularity of specific transferprint colors, especially in the North American market. Despite recent refinements to the chronology, the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jason, T. Raupp. Omar Fernández López. Annie Wright.

  With the rounding of Cape Horn in the late eighteenth century, pelagic whalers forever altered the landscape of the Pacific Ocean. The vast whale populations they found led to an exponential growth in ships exploiting the rich hunting grounds and exploring for sources of fresh food, water, and firewood. Locations of islands offering reprovisioning opportunities spread among whalers and visits were incorporated into seasonal movements. One such place that became well known for abundant sources...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erica G Moses.

In the early 19th century, James Madison's plantation in Orange County, VA was undergoing a number of dramatic changes as the house and grounds were extensively modified. At some point during this period, an unusually complex water supply system was constructed in what is now called the South Yard, an area near the main house where enslaved families lived and worked. This paper examines the evidence for this system, along with other water sources within the formal grounds, to consider not only...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Attila Dézsi.

This paper presents my PhD project which investigates the contested site of Gorleben, the iconic camp with 2000 inhabitants protesting against a nuclear waste facility, which was forcibly dismantled by the police in May 1980. Today it is a reference point for the German green movement and the sustainable energy discussion. In a multi-source approach, written accounts, photographs, excavation data and oral history are interpreted in a comparative perspective to reconstruct what happened (everyday...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brian Mabelitini. Scott Clark.

The October 1862 Battle of Perryville was the largest engagement fought in the state of Kentucky during the American Civil War. Although inconclusive, the battle was largely considered to be both a tactical victory for the Confederacy and a strategic victory for the Union. Smith’s Mississippi Battery (C.S.A.), under the command of Lieut. William B. Turner, would play a crucial role in the Confederate advance. Historical documents indicate that Smith’s (Turner’s) battery engaged Union forces from...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Luke Pecoraro.

For several decades, the Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association (MVLA) has used the benchmark year of 1799 for landscape interpretation within the estate’s historic core. Efforts to restore the grounds and dependencies have been a paramount concern, but elements such as a colonial revival garden (1930s), relic house (1928), and porters’ lodges (c. 1818) survive. Along with these features, different generations of historic plantings of trees and shrubberies and associated gravel pathways exist from the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paul J White.

Archaeological investigations of industrial workplaces have often revealed the existence of unique technological arrangements, yet a gap remains in translating this to the laboring experience. The difficulty rests partly upon the divide between principles and practice—in which knowing a machine’s operating mechanics is not the same as knowing how to work a machine. This poster summarizes archaeological investigations at the Gold Cord Mine, a small-scale family operated gold mine in southcentral...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alexandra Martin. Sharon Finley.

Strawbery Banke Museum is an outdoor history museum in Portsmouth, NH with over 40 historic houses, most of which are original to the neighborhood. In 2015 we excavated at the Yeaton-Walsh House (c. 1803) in advance of rehabilitation work through the museum's Heritage House Program. The house was built as a rental duplex but was later converted to a single family home. Among its residents were the Welches, an Irish immigrant family whose 50+ years as tenants, and later homeowners, encompassed...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carolyn White.

Present-day Granite Creek Station is located on the edge of the Black Rock Desert, 10 miles north of Gerlach where the sign welcoming visitors to town says, "Welcome to Nowhere." Described as an "awful gloomy" resting place by one of many travellers, Granite Creek Station was one of several significant stopping places for emigrants, travelers, saddle trains, and stagecoaches passing through the Black Rock Desert region of northwestern Nevada, USA, on their way to California in the mid-19th...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Abigail K Kindler.

On a poor and rural homestead, an approximated late 19th century tin enamel bucket was found with numerous bullet holes of varying calibers and trajectories. With ammunition costing money the family may or may not have had, what was the purpose of this bucket besides target practice? With very little information on target practice as a possible recreational pastime, the sport could have been done by both men and women, young and old, infrequently or quite commonly. Both experimental archaeology...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tommy Hailey.

During the 1860s, Alkali Station, Nebraska served a brief but colorful role as a Pony Express Station, a post office, a stage station, and a military post during the westward expansion of the United States. With the coming of the railroads, Alkali Station, like so many other frontier outposts, became obsolete, and it was abandoned. Its structures fell into ruin, and soon assorted depressions and rises were all that remained. At ground level, spatial patterning of the site’s visible features is...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jack G Hunter. Brooke Basse.

The Baja California Manila Galleon shipwreck site location was established from analysis of onshore artifact distribution.  Increasing attempts have been made to investigate the offshore source of this material by utilizing magnetometry and the excavation of detected anomalies.  The magnetometer surveys went well and buried iron associated with the wreck site were buoyed and mapped.  However, investigation of the buried anomalies proved to be more difficult than anticipated, as they were found...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brian M. Fahy. Veronica Walker-Vadillo.

This paper lays out the the current archaeological findings of the Manila-Acapulco Trade route, and analyzes the navigation pattern as they travel from Manila, through the embocadero then travelling the northern trade winds over to North America. The route can take 4-6 months, and takes a heavy toll on the crew and their passengers. almost one third of this time is taken to traverse the Embocadero, a water route weaving through the middle of the Phillipine Islands. Knowing there were other...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Chris Merritt.

While Utah is not known for its mining heritage, the Bingham Copper MIne located west of Salt Lake City is one of the few human manifestations visible from space. While the massive open-pit is a testament to human engineering, fortitude, and profit, the copper extracted from its stony core brought thousands of immigrants to Utah during the 19th and 20th centuries. These immigrants created places, communities, and a cohesive social identity. The same mines that created their community in the late...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Grace I. Smith. Steve Dasovich.

23SC2101 is a multi-component site with French Colonial through 20th century domestic occupations.  Multiple projects located ceramics from all time periods and all levels of excavation.  The site is in an urban area and many of the upper levels have suffered from severe disturbance. Besides the normal analysis of socio-economic status and site function, the analysis of ceramic date ranges by level may help to determine how severe the disturbance has been.  Information on disturbance is often...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth Flores.

Following closure of the military post in 1891, the racially and socially diverse community that had grown around Fort Davis lost one of its main economic resources. In the decades after, the civilian population saw a shift of resources from predominately military issued goods to items brought in by rail through the neighboring communities of Alpine and Marfa. This paper analyzes a select assemblage of metal, ceramic, and faunal materials excavated from an early twentieth-century domestic trash...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brooke L. Drew.

During the initial Milwaukee County Poor Farm Cemetery investigation, the most significant documentary source was the Register of Burials at the Milwaukee County Poor Farm Cemetery, believed to account for all burials between 1882 and 1974.  Preliminary research based on the Register of Burials, Milwaukee County Death certificates, and the spatial analysis of grave goods recovered from excavations conducted in 1991 and 1992 resulted in the tentative identification of 190 individuals.  We now...