Dolores Archaeological Program (DAP)

PROJECT Robert A. Bye. Christine K. Robinson. David A. Breternitz. Allen E. Kane. Steven E. James. Timothy A. Kohler. William D. Lipe. Bureau of Reclamation.

From 1978 until 1985 the University of Colorado contracted with the Bureau of Reclamation (Contract No. 8-07-40-S0562) to mitigate the adverse impact of a large water impoundment project on the cultural resources in the project area. This complex and evolving long-term mitigation plan known as the Dolores Archaeological Program (DAP) has been called a “truly unique chapter in American archaeology” (Breternitz 1993:118) and was applauded by Lipe (1998:2) for its ability to “increase the power and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Steven Baker.

This report summarizes the results obtained in the first year of historical studies on the Dolores Archaeological Program in Montezuma and Dolores counties in southwestern Colorado. The investigations were performed by Centuries Research, Inc., of Montrose, Colorado, under terms of a subcontract with the University of Colorado. This report presents two introductory historical research reports on the documentary history of the area by Duane Smith and the results of Steven Baker's historic site...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Joel M. Brisbin. Alice Emerson. Sarah Schlanger.

Dos Casas Hamlet (5MT2193) is a small Anasazi site-located approximately 8 km northwest of the small town of Dolores, Montezuma County, Colorado. During the summer of 1978. the University of Colorado excavated the site as part of first-year operations associated with the Dolores Cultural Resources Mitigation Program. These investigations resulted in the discovery and recording of two prehistoric pithouses and an associated arc of surface rooms and outdoor use areas to the north. The pithouses...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Deborah A. Duranceau.

The Dolores Archaeological Program Historic Research Design serves to structure fieldwork, analysis and other studies necessary to reconstruct the historic occupation and settlement of the Dolores River Valley. One segment of historic studies will focus on the settlers who "took up" 1 and in the valley under the provisions established by the Homestead Act of 1862; this part of the program has been designated Problem Domain 1. Other studies will focus on the establishment, lifespan and decline of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Joel M. Brisbin.

Site 5MT4475 is a multi-component Anasazi village site, that perhaps served as the nucleus and/or socio-religious center for the McPhee community. The site is located approximately 5 miles northwest of Dolores, Colorado, very near County Road X. The initial investigation discovered a horseshoe-shaped pueblo built and occupied during the McPhee Phase dating from AD 850 to AD 950. Periods of abandonment and reoccupation are manifested during this time period. Three subterranean pitstructures, one...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Martin E. Bussard.

Site 5MT2235, a small Anasazi habitation located northwest of Dolores, Colorado, was excavated during the 1978 field season as part of the Dolores Project Cultural Mitigation Program. Field operations were conducted from 24 July through 2 November. During this period, University of Colorado crew members, along with personnel of the Water and Power Resources Service Youth Conservation Corps and Young Adult Conservation Corps programs, excavated and recorded a small pitstructure and associated...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Roger A. Moore.

The University of Colorado's proposal for the Dolores Cultural Resources Mitigation Program contained provisions for the establishment of a lithic tool analysis program. To implement this program, Dr. R. Knudson, University of Idaho, acted as a design consultant and formulated standard procedures during the summer of 1978. The laboratory, later enlarged to accommodate the analysis of all artifacts produced by reductive technologies, became operational during the fall of 1978. Work thus far has...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Deborah A. Duranceau.

The Dolores Archaeological Program will mitigate the archaeological remains in the area to be inundated by the McPhee Reservoir. This mitigation plan calls for a complete synthesis of the historic period in the Dolores area. Beginning with the Protohistoric Utes and Navajo, the Historic Studies 1979 field year volume will report on the eighteenth century Spanish explorers and the nineteenth century Euro-American settlers. Results of the historic survey, oral history program, and artifact...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Bruce F. Benz. Vickie L. Clay.

The Environmental Studies Group has completed laboratory and field studies that serve as a comparisons for projections back in time. These include maps that inventory the present day bedrock geology, landforms, soils stream orders, and present and potential-natural vegetation. Two experimental gardens provide case studies of the potential of subsistence agriculture in the Dolores Archaeological Project area under present day conditions. Analysis to date of geological, faunal, and floral...

DOCUMENT Full-Text A. Kane. W. Lipe. R. Knudson. T. Kohler. S. James. P. Hogan. L. Sebastian.

The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation original Dolores Cultural Resources Mitigation Program Request for Proposals specified development and submission of a research design as a requisite for potential contractors. The University of Colorado submitted a preliminary research design as part of its formal mitigation proposal to the bureau; this design underwent extensive revision in the fall of 1978 and spring of 1979. The document consists of 5 major elements or prob l em domains; these are economy and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Allen E. Kane.

The Sagehen Flats Locality is a spatial division of the Escalante Sector located in southwest Color ado about 6 km northwest of the town of Dolores. Containing primarily lowland areas west of the Dolores River, the locality has been the scene of human habitation for thousands of years. The first well-documented occupation dates to the Great Cut Phase of the Archaic Tradition or 2000 BC-AD 500. During this period the prehistoric inhabitants utilized seasonal sites situated along the perimeter of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Sarah H. Schlanger.

Sheep Skull Camp (Site 5MT2202) is a prehistoric limited activity locus located in the Sagehen Flats Locality, Escalante Sector, southwestern Colorado. The site is located on a hilltop overlooking the Sagehen Flats Marsh to the south. For purposes of intensive investigation, the site was divided into three sampling strata based on distribution of surface artifacts. Sixty-five test squares were then selected, via a stratified random sampling design, and excavated; backhoe tests, a magnetometer...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Nancy J. Hewitt.

Sagehill Hamlet (Site 5MT2198), a small Anasazi habitation located approximately 8 km northwest of Dolores, Colorado, was excavated during the summer of 1978 as part of the Dolores Project Cultural Resources Mitigation Program. Field operations were conducted during the months of August and September; a University of Colorado crew excavated and recorded a small pithouse and associated surface features. Site 5MT2198 was probably the domicile and home base of a single household group practicing...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Nancy J. Hewitt.

Little House (Site 5MT2191) is a small Anasazi seasonal habitation or agricultural field house located approximately five miles northwest of Dolores, Colorado. The site was excavated during the summer of 1978 as part of the Dolores Project Cultural Resources Mitigation Program. Field operations were conducted during the months of July and August. A crew consisting of University of Colorado and Youth Conservation Corps personnel investigated the small surface structure comprising four small rooms...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Patrick Hogan.

The Grass Mesa Locality is a spatial division of the Escalante Sector located within Montezuma County in southwestern Colorado. Intensive archaeological investigations were performed in the locality in 1978 by the Dolores Archaeological Program (D.A.P.) to anticipate projected constuction activities proposed by the Bureau of Reclamation. Preliminary interpretation of survey and excavation data suggests that the locality has had a long history of human habitation beginning in the Archaic Period...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Allen E. Kane. Nancy J. Hewitt. Patrick Hogan. Gary Brown. Steven Dominquez. Joel M. Brisbin. William A. Lucius. Roger Moore. Steven D. Emslie. J. Holly Hathaway.

The Dolores Archaeological Program (D.A.P.) Field Manual was conceived during several seminar sessions held in the fall of 1978. The purpose of the manual is to set forth in clear and concise language standard procedures to be employed when intensively excavating prehistoric sites as part of comprehensive mitigation efforts undertaken by the program. To this end the field manual now contains detailed discussions of preliminary operations, record keeping, sampling techniques, special excavation...

DOCUMENT Full-Text J. Holly Hathaway.

A magnetic reconnaissance survey was implemented in the initial year of the Dolores Archaeological Program to determine if this method would be useful in revealing subsurface archaeological features and in delineating the boundaries of the archaeological sites. The following report is a description of the field activities for the 1978 field season. The magnetic survey was useful in locating two pitstructures at Site 5MT2193 (excavated during the 1978 and 1979 field seasons by Dolores...

DOCUMENT Full-Text William A. Lucius.

Analysis of Dolores Cultural Resources Mitigation Program ceramic collections from excavations of prehistoric sites was undertaken beginning in October 1978. An inventory analysis was designed to: (1) approach specific questions of the Research Design; (2) provide an inventory of those materials in relation to taxonomic and provenience systems; and (3) establish a data base for the selection of materials for intensive analyses. A coding system was developed to place the data into a machine...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Robert J. Huggins. John Weymouth.

As part of Dolores Cultural Resources Mitigation Program Field Operations in 1978, a magnetometer survey test program was implemented to determine the efficacy of such methods in facilitating excavation strategies. The program was begun on 12 September 1978 and was continued until late October . A total of 46 20 by 20m blocks at 14 prehistoric sites was surveyed and the result ant data sent to the University of Nebraska for analysis and interpretation. By the report submission date (May 1979) 90...

DOCUMENT Full-Text John A. Eddy. Allen E. Kane.

As a portion of the non-intensive investigations proposed for the Dolores Project Cultural Resources Mitigation Program in 1978, Dr. J. Eddy of the Astrophysics Department, University of Colorado, and A. Kane, Program Co-Principal Investigator, carried out a reconnaissance relating to possible knowledge and use of astronomy in southwestern Colorado Anasazi communities. Investigations were conducted at eight prehistoric sites: McPhee Pueblo (Site 5MT4475), Little House (Site 5MT2191), Cline Crest...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Joel M. Brisbin.

Tres Bobos, Site 5MT4545, is a small Basketmaker III habitation in extreme southwestern Colorado, near the present town of Dolores. Excavations discovered one pithouse, 14 noncontiguous surface rooms, and numerous ancillary features. The number and spatial distribution of the surface rooms in two discreet areas around the single pithouse indicate that there were two occupations centered around the pithouse. The differential spatial configuration of these room sets and the well-developed...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Gary A. Brown.

Hawk House (Site 5MT4681) is a multifunctional limited activity site located in extreme southwestern Colorado near the present town of Dolores. The site was excavated in September of 1979 as a part of the Dolores Project Cultural Resources Mitigation Program. The flaked lithic tool assemblage consisted of highly curated items associated with hunting and game processing; these could date to either the Archaic or to a highy specialized Anasazi group. The nonflaked lithic tool assemblage...

DOCUMENT Full-Text J. Holly Hathaway.

An archaeomagnetic sampling program was executed by Dolores Archaeological Program personnel during the 1978 field season. Currently, project investigators view archaeomagnetic analysis as a primary dating method and as an important complement to dendrochronology. During 1978, University of Colorado field crew members collected 37 archaeomagnetic samples from 6 prehistoric sites. The expected dates for the samples range from A.D. 680 to A.D. 1130; this is well within the extremes for accurate...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kenneth L. Peterson.

Pollen records from two locations in the spruce (Picea engelmannii) forest of the La Plata Mountains, southwestern Colorado, provide paleoclimatic information for the headwater region of the Dolores River. Because of the difference in spruce growth response to climatic variation at its upper and lower elevational limits, the pollen records from Twin Lakes and Beef Pasture yield paleoclimatic information unobtainable from either record alone. Radiocarbon dates, tree-ring indices, and historic...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Paul J. Farley.

The University of Colorado and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) jointly manage the laboratory and analytical operations of the Dolores Archaeological Program (D.A.P.). The BLM has responsibili.ty for receiving material and data, for conservation of material, and for the provision of permanent storage. The University of Colorado processes the material after it has been received, and is responsible for analysis. This report, which covers the 1978 analysis year (summer 1978 through spring 1979),...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Steven D. Emslie.

The Dolores Archaeological Program faunal analysis program was initiated in 1978 under the direction of S. Emslie. Immediate priorities were the direction and supervision of field operations with regard to the recovery of faunal remains, development of articulation points between the projected analysis and the project Research Design, and the operationalization of a preliminary analysis to be undertaken in 1978-1979. The preliminary analysis is currently underway and is expected to be completed...

DOCUMENT Full-Text William J. Litzinger.

The Environmental Studies crew supervised recovery of paleobotanical samples at seven sites in the Dolores Project area during the first field season. Work was begun on initial characterization of the project area environment and site catchment analysis. Identification of macrobotanical samples was undertaken and water separation of bulk soil samples was begun. Charred corn (Zea mays) fragments represent the major type of macrobotanical remains identified from these sites. Juniperus, Pinus,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text David H. Greenwald.

The Sagehen Flats Locality is 1 of 16 localities contained within the Escalante Sector. It is located in southwest Colorado approximately 6 km northwest of Dolores, Colorado. The Sagehen Flats Locality differs from surrounding localities in that it is an area of gentle slopes and small knolls. Its drainages feed the Sagehen Marsh, which eventually drains into the Dolores River to the east. The first prehistoric use of this area has been dated to the Archaic Tradition (5000 B.C.-A .D. 500)...

DOCUMENT Full-Text John L. Montgomery.

Apricot Hamlet, Site 5MT2858, is a multiple occupation Basketmaker Ill/Pueblo I habitation site. Located in Montezuma County, in southwestern Colorado, Apricot Hamlet was excavated in 1979 as a part of the Dolores Archaeological Program (D.A.P.). The site was excavated to acquire informat ion on cultural patterning of the dispersed community which existed on the highlands west of the Dolores River valley during the Sagehen Phase (A.D. 600-850) of the Anasazi Tradition. Excavations revealed a...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Richard Yarnell.

Pheasant View Hamlet (Site 5MT2192), excavated in 1979 by the Dolores Archaeological Program, represents a single-family household cluster occupied during the Pueblo I period. The site, located in Montezuma County in southwestern Colorado, consists of a pithouse, adjacent roomblock , borrow pit, and associated features . The architectural style of the roomblock, contiguous surf ace rooms with a basal course of slabs which probably supported jacal walls, suggests a temporal setting of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Joel M. Brisbin. A. Emerson. S. H. Schlanger.

Dos Casas Hamlet (Site 5MT2193) is a small Basketmaker III/Pueblo I Anasazi site located approximately 8 km northwest of the town of Dolores, Montezuma County, Colorado. During the summer of 1978, the University of Colorado excavated the site as part of first-year operations associated with the Dolores Cultural Resources Mitigation Program. These investigations recorded two prehistoric pithouses and an arc of associated surface rooms and outdoor occupation areas to the north at Site 5MT2193. The...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Richard W. Yarnell.

Prairie Dog Hamlet, Site 5MT4614, was excavated in 1979 by the University of Colorado under the auspices of the Dolores Archaeological Program (D.A.P.). Located in Montezuma County in southwestern Colorado, the site dates to the late Basketmaker III-early Pueblo I periods of the Anasazi tradition. The site had two occupations, represented by two separate pithouses with associated surface structures and features, and a single episode that is represented by the partial construction of a...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Gary A. Brown.

Casa Bodega Hamlet (Site 5MT2194) is a Pueblo I habitation site excavated during the 1979 field season by the Dolores Archaeological Program (D.A.P.). The site is located in Montezuma County in southwestern Colorado. It was excavated as part of the D.A.P. sample of habitations from the West Sagehen Neighborhood, a dispersed Anasazi community in the Sagehen Flats Locality during the Sagehen Phase (A.D. 600-850, according D.A.P. systematics). Excavations revealed a single household cluster...

DOCUMENT Full-Text James H. Kleidon.

Moonlight House (Site 5MT2205), located in extreme southwestern Colorado, is a two-room structure dating to the Pueblo I Period (A.D. 750-900) of the Anasazi Tradition. The site was excavated in 1979 by the Dolores Archaeological Program as an example of a nonhabitational, special-use site. Upon excavation of Moonlight House, it was determined that the site served primarily as a storage facility and food-processing center. Originally the information in this record was migrated into tDAR...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Joel M. Brisbin.

Casa Roca, Site 5MT2203, is a small, seasonal use, single-component site located in southwestern Colorado. The site was excavated in 1979 by the Dolores Archaeological Program (D.A.P.) as part of a representative sample of sites, by site type and temporal period, from the borrow areas of the Dolores Project, a Bureau of Reclamation water storage project. Casa Roca is assigned to the McPhee Phase (A.D. 850-970) as defined by the D.A.P. temporal system. This corresponds to the late Pueblo I and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James H. Kleidon.

Faraway House, Site 5MT4763, was excavated in 1979 as part of the Dolores Archaeological Program (D.A.P.), located in extreme southwestern Colorado. The site was selected for excavation to expand the sample of limited activity/seasonal use sites in the D.A.P. data base . The site consists of a masonry storage bin and two hearths and is located near arable soils. It is inferred that the site was built by the Anasazi during the Pueblo I or Pueblo II period and was used seasonally for the storage...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Richard H. Wilshusen.

This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Richard H. Wilshusen.

Marshview Hamlet (Site MT2235), a small Pueblo-III habitation site located northwest of Dolores, Colorado, was excavated during the 1978 field season as part of the Dolores Archaeological Program. Between 24 July and 2 November 1978; a small pithouse and associated surface structures and features of this small unit hamlet were excavated and documented by University of Colorado crew members and personnel of the Bureau of Reclamation Youth Conservation Corps and Young Adult Conservation Corps. In...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Gary A. Brown.

Horse Bone Camp, Site 5MT2199, is a limited activity site believed to have been occupied during both the Archaic (3000 B.C.-A.D. 500) and Anasazi (A.D. 600-1200) time periods. On the basis of ceramic evidence, use of the site during the latter period appears to have spanned the Sagehen (A.D. 600-850), McPhee (A.D. 850-970), and Sundial (A.D. 1050-1200 ) phases according to Dolores Archaeological Program (D.A.P.) temporal systematics. Occupation of the site during both the Archaic and Anasazi...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Allen E. Kane. Mark L. Chenault.

Horsefly Hamlet (Site 5MT2236) is an Archaic camp/Anasazi habitation site in the Sagehen Flats Locality of the Dolores Archaeological Program (D.A.P.) study area. Investigations were initiated during the fall of 1979 as part of the project's standard fall testing program; the goal of the work was to add information to the Sagehen Flats cultural data bases, specifically to the Sagehen Phase West Sagehen Neighborhood and Archaic North Marsh Band categories. The site was reopened in 1981 to resolve...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Judith A. Southward.

Investigations at Ridge Line Camp, Site 5MT2242, were undertaken during the 1979 field season of the Dolores Archaeological Program. The site is located in the Sagehen Flats Locality. Two firepits were discovered at the site, and flaked lithic, nonflaked lithic, and ceramic artifacts were recovered. The results of artifact analyses and a radiocarbon date of 3710 +- 90 years B.P. indicate that the site was occupied during the Archaic and Anasazi (Pueblo I, Pueblo II, and Pueblo Ill) time periods....

DOCUMENT Full-Text Richard Wilshusen.

Site 5MT4682, Climbing Cactus Camp, was intensively surface collected in 1979 as part of the Dolores Archaeological Program. The site was identified during initial inventory survey as being a hunting camp with multiple temporal components. Based on a high percentage of projectile points and bifaces recovered in the 10 percent collection during this survey, it was decided that an intensive surface collection of the site in 8 by 8 m grid units might produce data for a more precise interpretation...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Paul J. Farley.

This is an administrative report concerning the Archaeological Contractor's operation of the Field Laboratory for the reporting year March 1, 1979, through February 29, 1980. The first section, arranged according to four temporal periods, outlines the broad emphases of the work of the laboratory processing crew through the reporting year. This section also includes the major concerns of the contractor's laboratory supervisor and the assistant laboratory supervisor, excerpted from the monthly...

DOCUMENT Full-Text W. A. Lucius.

The Additive Technologies Group of the Dolores Archaeological Program (D.A.P.) completed inventory analysis of ceramic materials recovered during the 1978 and 1979 D.A.P. field seasons, and during the 1974-1976 Dolores River Project survey. Analysis, which consisted of the microscopic and macroscopic examination of the ceramic materials, was followed by the input of the data into the computerized project data bank. The results of inventory analysis were used to define specific culture...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Carl J. Phagan.

The operations of the Dolores Archaeological Program Reductive Technologies Laboratory from March, 1979, to February, 1980, are sunvnarized. Preliminary analysis (completed in January, 1980) and intensive analysis activities are presented, as are the administrative activities of the laboratory. The ways in which lithic analysis systems articulate with the program research design are discussed. The size of the lithics colletions from program sites is presented in a table which forms Appendix A....

DOCUMENT Full-Text John P. Nylander.

The Photography Section of the Dolores Archaeological Program implemented a system for organizing the large volume of photographic material generated during the 1979 field and laboratory operations. This system involved the aquisition of photographic information and the integration of that information, via computer-aided storage and retrieval mechanisms, into the general project data bank. The Photography Section also explored two remote-sensing methods, including biped and component mapper...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Robert P. Ryan. Arthur L. Rohr.

The Dolores Archaeological Program Automated Data Processing group is responsible for creating and maintaining computer files containing both inventory and analytical data. Currently, 117,902 records are stored in 12 different files. This report describes the development and status of the data processing effort. The use of SYSTEM 2000 as a data-base management system is detailed. Input, storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data are discussed, as are security measures and database...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Robert A. Bye.

During 1979, the Environmental Studies Group of the Dolores Archaeological Program developed a research design which emphasized the development and testing of specific vegetation models based on archaeological and modern botanical data. In order to provide a valid basis for such model building and testing, and to provide a basis for comparison between modern and prehistoric vegetation patterns, a reconnaissance survey of the project area, in part using the releve technique, was undertaken. Data...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Steven D. Emslie.

Work accomplished by the Faunal Consultant and his staff during the reporting period (1 March 1979 to 29 February 1980) included both preliminary analysis and fieldwork. Preliminary analysis was performed by a small crew at Flagstaff; standard procedures developed for this type of analysis included a basic sort into taxonomic categories and recording of characteristics for each individual bone or group of bones by taxon. During this process , worked bone was separated from unworked bone and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Pollen analysis of 10 prehistoric sites excavated during the 1979 field season of.the Dolores Archaeological Program (D.A.P.) was centered on three localities. Seven of the 10 sites were located in Sagehen Flats Locality, including one site which was represented by only a modern pollen sample. These sites date to the Sagehen, McPhee , and Sundial phases. Two sites in Grass Mesa Locality were selected for pollen analysis; they date to the Sagehen and McPhee phases. McPhee Pueblo (Site 5MT4475),...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Frank C. Leonhardy. Vickie L. Clay.

Integrated geological studies for the Dolores Archaeological Program provide project wide descriptions of landforms, rock units, Quaternary sediments, soils, and drainage systems. Additionally, geological studies provide alternative chronological control for archaeological material recovery and climatic reconstructions. During the 1979 field season preliminary geologic mapping of soils, landforms, bedrock, and drainage areas was completed. Archaeological stratigraphy was recorded and samples...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Louisa B. Flander.

Analysis of human skeletal remains from 1978 and 1979 excavations and the 1978 survey is presented. At least 26 individuals from 14 sites are represented in the collections. None of the remains analyzed indicate that any of the individuals represented were in poor health. The fragmentary nature of the remains makes it impossible to draw any more definite conclusions concerning the health of the prehistoric population. Sex and age determinants follow standard procedures, i.e., conservative...

DOCUMENT Full-Text J. H. Hathaway. Jeffrey L. Eighmy.

The 1979 archaeomagnetic sampling program involved the recovery of 61 archaeomagnetic samples from 17 Dolores Archaeological Program (D.A.P.) area sites. Results from analysis of these samples were used not only to aid in the chronological interpretation of the excavated sites, but also to refine the field and laboratory methodology employed by the sampling program. An attempt was made to refine the current Southwest master curve (Weaver [1], Dubois [2]) in order to increase its usefulness and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text J. Holly Hathaway.

The 1980 archaeomagnetic sampling program involved the recovery of 59 archaeomagnetic samples from 13 archaeological sites excavated by the Dolores Archaeological Program. In addition, 12 samples were collected from 12 experimental hearths located within the project area. Based on the 1979 DAP refinement of the A.D. 700-900 portion of the Southwest curve, the 1978-1980 prehistoric collection sets were temporally evaluated. When these dates were compared to the original Southwest curve estimates,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Judith A. Southward.

This report presents the results of research undertaken to identify food processing activities using ethnographic and ethnohistorical documents as a resource base. Specifically the proceedings of the study as they relate to the DAP conceptual framework of research will be discussed, as well as the data sets contained within the model of inquiry. In addition, some comments on the appropriateness of ethnographic analogy as it relates to this study will be discussed. A general profile of the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Robert K. Vierra. Carl J. Phagan.

The major reason for this projectile point analysis was to create an objective classification system by which functional, technological, and stylistic variation among these high-input items could be compared and interpreted. Such concerns as determining the broad temporal sensitivity of the types established, temporally extending the typology beyond the main Anasazi sequence, spatially extending its applicability beyond the D.A.P., or making significant theoretical/methodological contributions...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Nancy J. Hewitt.

Site 5MT2857 is an Anasazi limited activity site located approximately 8 km northwest of Dolores, Colorado. The site was tested during the 1979 field season as part of the Dolores Project Cultural Resources Mitigation Project. Field operations, limited to surface collection and removal of the plow zone, were conducted during September of 1979 by a University of Colorado crew. No cultural features were identified at the site, hence it was designated a locus of limited activities. Since the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Eric Blinman.

This document is an extension of work begun by William A. Lucius, and its substance owes much to his foresight in the design of the Dolores Archaeological Program ceramic analysis system. Scott Travis authored a draft research design for ceramics which was helpful during the writing of portions of the present version. Dean Wilson and Rob Waterworth provided intense discussions of the interpretation of ceramic data, and their arguments and ideas have shaped and continue to shape...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Nancy J. Hewitt.

During the 1979 field season of the Dolores Archaeological Program, nine sites were partially excavated as part of a testing program. This program was initiated to supplement data obtained from fully excavated sites. Specifically, this program was designed to provide additional information about the occupation of the Sagehen Flats Locality of the Dolores Project area during the Sagehen Phase which is comparable to the Basketmaker III-Pueblo I period. Each site investigated as part of this...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Allen E. Kane.

The University of Colorado and its subcontractor, Washington State University, completed the third year of Dolores Archaeological Program fieldwork in 1980. During the first three seasons of work, the research approach was adapted to meet the changing requirements of a program with a large and complex database, and modifications of the approach were documented in a series of program reports. Also during this period, program systematics (the spatial and temporal systems and the site typology)...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Carl J. Phagan.

The Reductive Technology Group of the Dolores Archaeological Program has developed a series of integrated analysis systems for interpreting stone and bone tools at several analytic scales, or intensities, and within several broad technological categories. All stone and bone tools are subjected to a preliminary inventory analysis which is focused on identifying variability in production technology. Separate, more intensive analytic systems are used to examine other kinds or levels of variability...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Rita Shuster.

Remains of corn, beans and squash recovered from prehistoric sites excavated in the Dolores Project area indicate that the Anasazi were successfully farming the area. To help answer questions about prehistoric farming practices, experimental gardens were planted in the project area in 1979 and 1980. These gardens were closely monitored and various experiments with different crops were conducted. Resultant yields from the gardens indicate that despite problems of low rainfall, insects, and a...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Ann Lucy Wiener.

This report includes the tentative assessment of the demographic, morphological, and epidemiological characteristics of the Dolores River valley Anasazi population as represented by the small sample of 32 individuals recovered during 1978-1980 excavations by the DAP (Dolores Archaeological Program). Two fragmentary protohistoric burials are also described. Burial practices are typical of the Mesa Verde Region during Basketmaker III to Pueblo II/III periods; individuals were predominately...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Paul J. Farley.

The operations of the Dolores Archaeological Program Field Laboratory from 1 March 1980 through 28 February 1981 are reported. During this period, plans were made for processing materials from the 1980 fieldwork, and those materials were received and processed. The processed materials included 27,811 bags of material and 5,715 samples. Changes were made in the laboratory flow system to make the operation of the laboratory more efficient. New forms to document changes in the records and to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Michael J. Hilton.

This report describes the activities of the Dolores Archaeological Program Photography Group during the 1980 analysis year (1 May 1980 through 30 April 1981) and documents changes in the photography system that occurred during that period. A total of 889 person-days was expended during the reporting period by the Photography Group. A total of 225 rolls of film were exposed on fieldwork subjects, and 193 rolls of film were exposed in the production of laboratory photographs. A new graphic catalog...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Carolyn Raffensperger.

This study examines changes in the food processing tool kit among the northern Anasazi during the period A.D. 650-900. It is assumed that, during this period, the Anasazi were gradually increasing their use of corn and decreasing their use of nondomesticated or gathered plants. Corresponding changes in the Anasazi tool kit are hypothesized. First, corn grinding tools are expected to have become more efficient, indicating specialization in the corn grinding task, and second, the total food...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Patricia K. Burns. Robert Huggins. John W. Weymouth.

In September of 1978, a magnetic reconnaissance program was initiated within the Bureau of Reclamation Dolores Project area of Colorado for the DAP (Dolores Archaeological Program). Themagnetic program was continued throughout the 1979 field season, by which time 26 grids, at 25 selected prehistoric sites, had been magnetically surveyed. The raw data obtained by these surveys was sent to NEBCAR (Nebraska Center for Archaeophysical Research) to be analyzed by Rob Huggins under the direction of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Timothy A. Kohler. Carl J. Phagan. Eric Blinman.

Not all variability in archaeological collections is due to phenomena in which archaeologists are interested. Significant variability among collections from sites and portions of sites excavated by the Dolores Archaeological Program in southwestern Colorado can be attributed to differences in mode of collection, types of study units, and deposits encountered in sampling.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Lynne Sebastian.

Prince Hamlet, Site 5MT2161, is a Pueblo I habitation site that was investigated by the Dolores Archaeological program during the 1979 and 1980 field seasons. Evidence of three separate periods of occupation was encountered. The first occupation appears to- have begun sometime after A.D. 720 and to have ended prior to A.D. 840. The exact nature and areal extent of this occupation is uncertain, but it definitely included at least one substantial surface structure and probably one pitstructure....

DOCUMENT Full-Text Patrick Hogan.

LeMoc Shelter (Site 5MT2151) is a small, stratified site on the south-facing slope of the Dolores River canyon. During excavation of the shelter by the Dolores Archaeological Program, the remains of five successive Anasazi occupations that date to between A.D. 750 and 950 were discovered. During the earliest documented occupation, which dates to the late Sagehill Subphase (A.D. 750-780), the shelter appears to have been occupied year-round by a nuclear family or small extended family. The next...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Timothy A. Kohler.

Grass Mesa Village (Site 5MT23) is a large Pueblo I habitation site in southwestern Colorado. During investigation by the Dolores Archaeological Program in 1979 and 1980, a systematic surface collection was completed, and a probability sampling program was initiated alongside more intensive excavations. A total of 42 surface structures and 20 pitstructures (including a possible great kiva) were wholly or partially excavated during these first two field seasons. A statistical comparison of the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Richard V. N. Ahlstrom. Karen Dohm.

Excavations in Area 4 of Grass Mesa Village (Site 5MT23) encountered multiple surface rooms and a pithouse. All of the structures are dated by ceramics to the A.D. 840 to 910 time period, with abandonment of the pit house and the later rooms occurring between A.D. 875 and 910. Although dating to the same ceramic period , the rooms and the pithouse may not be strictly contemporaneous. The surface rooms we re remodeled and rebuilt several times, while the pithouse had only one remodeling episode....

DOCUMENT Full-Text David A. Breternitz.

The DAP (Dolores Archaeological Program) has undertaken a far more intensive and ambitious report production task than was envisioned by anyone concerned with the program at its inception . This brief chapter explains the complexion and flavor of DAP reports and why they are appearing in a variety of formats and at differing levels of detail on a program-wide basis . Program methodology and technique (Lipe and Kohler 1981) have been oriented toward ensuring comparability among DAP reports....

DOCUMENT Full-Text R. Knudson. S. James. A. Kane. W. Lipe. T. Kohler.

The Dolores Project is a major Federal water reclamation project in southwestern Colorado, just north of Mesa Verde National Park (Breternitz et al. 1980; Madden and Weakly 1980). The Reservoir Salvage Act of 1960 as amended (16 U.S.C. 469) requires that operations such as the Dolores Project, which is being constructed in an area known to be rich in prehistoric and historic resources, recover and preserve the information held in those resources before construction damages or destroys them. The...

DOCUMENT Full-Text William D. Lipe.

Archaeological investigations in the Grass Mesa Locality from 1978 through 1980 were conducted by Washington State University personnel under the auspices of the Dolores Archaeological Program. Investigations were carried out on four levels, or "tracks," that reflect the relative intensity of effort expended in the investigations. Track 4 work consisted of inventory survey; Track 3 work consisted of more thorough examination of the site surface, including systematic collection of surface...

DOCUMENT Full-Text G. Timothy Gross.

Eighteen sites were tested in the Grass Mesa Locality during the 1979 and 1980 field seasons. Test excavations, including both probability and jurlgmental excavation, were conducted at Hanging Rock Hamlet (Site 5MT4650), Cougar Springs Cave (Site 5MT4797), Quasimodo Cave (Site 5MT4789), Dos Cuartos House (Site 5MT2174), Calmate Shelter (Site 5MT4651), and DTA Site (Site 5MT5361). The remaining 12 sites were investigated through surface collection, occasionally augmented by shovel scraping or...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Cory D. Breternitz.

Excavations conducted in Area 3 of Grass Mesa Village (Site 5MT23) included a probability sample and intensive excavations of roomblock and pithouse subareas. Excavated roomblock and pithouses span the Periman and Grass Mesa Subphases of the McPhee Phase. Historic looting and rodent disturbance had da maged much of the roomblock subarea, preventing detailed description and interpretation. However, at least two major construction episodes are represent ed by small, probably jacal, rooms overlain...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Joel M. Brisbin.

Windy Wheat Hamlet (Site 5MT4644) is a Pueblo I habitation site located in the Sagehen Flats Locality of the Dolores Archaeological Program study area. Three elements of occupation, occurring between A.D. 740 and the early 800's, have been recognized at Windy Wheat Hamlet. During the earliest element, which dates to the late Sagehill Subphase, one pitstructure was occupied at the site. No surface rooms were found to be associated with this element, but extensive pl owing may have destroyed...

DOCUMENT Full-Text David A. Breternitz.

The "Dolores Archaeological Program: Synthetic Report 1978-1981" is the second publication in a series of reports by the Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior, on the findings of the Dolores Archaeological Program including excavation activities, and the preservation and analysis of newly discovered artifacts.

DOCUMENT Full-Text D. A. Breternitz.

The Dolores Project was a large water project constructed by the Bureau of Reclamation in extreme southwestern Colorado. The Dolores Archaeological Program was responsible for the Dolores Project Cultural Resources Mitigation Program under Bureau of Reclamation Contract No. 8-07-40-S0562. At the request of the Bureau of Reclamation, the Dolores Archaeological Program produced this report entitled Dolores Archaeological Program Synthetic Report 1978-1981. This report provides the Bureau of...

DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

The corn dataset was used in association with an intensive botanical study designed to identify different varieties of corn in the assemblage of corn cobs and plant fragments recovered in the course of DAP fieldwork. The variables in this dataset contain information and measurements pertaining to the number or rows of kernels on an ear, its shape and size, and various details about glumes, cupules, and kernels. Variables for the CORN10 dataset have been described by Wilshusen et al. (1999);...

DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

The pollen dataset contains basic provenience data for each pollen sample collected. These data are accompanied by taxonomic classification and the grain count per taxon. Detailed locational information can be obtained by linking this dataset with the provenience dataset. Variables for the corn dataset have already been described by Wilshusen et al. (1999). In most cases, their descriptions are suitable for use as metadata and have been repeated almost verbatim here. Selected resources from the...

DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

The results of chronometric analysis on special specimen samples collected for dating can be found in this dataset. Samples are linked to basic provenience data such as site and field specimen number. The temporal range for each sample will be indicated by variables for earliest and latest dates. These variables give the innermost and outermost dates of wood submitted for dendrochronological dating and their corresponding Tree-Ring Lab symbols indicating how close the date provided is to the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kenneth L. Petersen. Vickie L. Clay. Meredith H. Matthews. Sarah W. Neusius.

This report presents some of the results of the Environmental Studies Group (1979-1981) and the Environmental Archaeology Group (1981-1983) of the Dolores Archaeological Program. The Dolores Archaeological Program was funded by the Bureau of Reclamation as part of the Dolores Project Cultural Resources Mitigation Program, responsible for the mitigation of impacts on cultural resources to be affected by construction of a multipurpose water storage and distribution system on the Dolores River in...

DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

The faunal dataset is comprised of 81,947 specimens, recovered from a variety of contexts within the Dolores Project area (Neusius 1985c; Petersen, Matthews et al. 1986). Nonhuman macrofaunal remains collected during site excavations are by far the most abundant in the DAP assemblage (n=76,224), followed by microfaunal specimens (n=5,723) collected by way of dry screening and flotation processing (Petersen, Matthews et al. 1986). A third set of miscellaneous remains include specimens recovered...

DATASET Carl J. Phagan.

The Reductive Technologies Group (RTG) was responsible for supporting the broad research goals of the DAP through the implementation of a mid-level research design governing the collection and analysis of data from “artifacts which were manufactured by reductive, or subtractive techniques” (Phagan 1986a:79). Independent datasets for each of the four preliminary analysis systems reflect the technological distinctions made between flaked lithic tools (FLT10a and FLT10b); the debitage created in...

DATASET Carl J. Phagan.

The Reductive Technologies Group (RTG) was responsible for supporting the broad research goals of the DAP through the implementation of mid-level research design governing the collection and analysis of data from “artifacts which were manufactured by reductive, or subtractive techniques” (Phagan 1986a: 79). The RTG was headed by Roger A. Moore between 1978 and 1979; Carl J. Phagan assumed this position from 1979 to 1985, with the assistance of T. Homer Hruby between 1980 and 1984. Supporting...

DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

The sediments dataset is a catalog of the geological samples used in a study of the physical and chemical properties of local soils. The chemical and granulometric analyses conducted on these samples contributed to an evaluation of potential for successful dry-land agriculture in the Dolores Valley. Soils in the project area are generally derived from eolian parent material and exhibit a loamy texture that indicates their suitability for agricultural production (Decker and Petersen 1987)....

DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

The Reductive Technologies Group (RTG) was headed by Roger A. Moore between 1978 and 1979 and by Carl J. Phagan from 1979 to 1985, with the assistance of T. Homer Hruby between 1980 and 1984; supporting work was provided by crew chiefs Gail G. Snyder and Phillip D. Neusius. This DAP analysis group was responsible for supporting the broad research goals of the DAP through the implementation of mid-level research design governing the collection and analysis of data from “artifacts which were...

DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

The DAP research design was structured to systematically address broad domains of inquiry that encompass economy and adaptation, paleodemography, social organization, extra-regional relationships, and cultural process. The variables used in the botanical datasets represent the various lines of evidence needed to mitigate “bioturbation, preservation, and sampling biases” and establish the “case for cultural association of botanical remains preserved in the archaeological record” (Petersen, Clay...

DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

A small percentage of the maps reproduced from field data can be found in the series of published DAP reports, but a much larger collection of original material can be accessed via the Anasazi Heritage Center, Colorado. The maps dataset allows users to easily know what maps are available for any provenience. Maps were sequentially numbered within each site and later classified as one of 47 taxa, according to the type of information the map was meant to convey. Documenting the contents of a site...

DATASET Carl J. Phagan.

The Reductive Technologies Group (RTG) was responsible for supporting the broad research goals of the DAP through the implementation of mid-level research design governing the collection and analysis of data from “artifacts which were manufactured by reductive, or subtractive techniques” (Phagan 1986a:79). The RTG was headed by Roger A. Moore between 1978 and 1979 and by Carl J. Phagan from 1979 to 1985, with the assistance of T. Homer Hruby between 1980 and 1984; supporting work was provided by...

DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

Photographs are one of the few remaining ways to examine the now inundated archaeological sites in the DAP. Photographic images add context to specific aspects of Anasazi life in the DAP area; in a sense, DAP photography "provides the investigator with ways to understand the spatial integration of households and communities" (Wilshusen et al. 1999:115). Only a fraction of all photographs taken during the project can be found in the published series of DAP reports. Individuals wishing to access...

DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

Items in the DAP nonflaked lithic tool assemblage and miscellaneous material files that represent “unusual materials of geologic origin” have been collected within a single rare rocks dataset (Keane and Clay 1987:507). More specifically, the dataset contains both naturally occurring and culturally modified items comprised of geological resources that are found in the Dolores Valley, or have been transported over long distances (Keane and Clay 1987). Items fashioned from rare material types are...

DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

Wilshusen et al. (1999) indicate that this dataset should be viewed as a comprehensive inventory of DAP samples by type and number. Samples were collected for a variety of reasons including chronometric dating, environmental and geological studies, and special documentation. Obtaining the results of their analysis requires users to consult other DAP datasets. Variables in the samples dataset have already been described by Wilshusen et al. (1999); see especially the section entitled "Samples" by...

DOCUMENT Full-Text David A. Breternitz. Christine K. Robinson. G. Timothy Gross.

This is the final synthetic report of the Dolores Archaeological Project. It includes an overview of the project itself, as well as final reports from the additive and reductive technologies, and environmental archaeology groups. The final report also includes summation of the prehistorical context for the Dolores River Valley and modeling, resource, and population studies. Information on the various technologies---lithics, ceramics, and facilities---are also examined. This report also...

DOCUMENT Citation Only D. A. Breternitz. Christine K. Robinson. Timothy Gross.

The Dolores Project was a large water-impoundment project constructed by the Bureau of Reclamation in southwestern Colorado. From 1978 until 1985 the University of Colorado contracted with the Bureau of Reclamation (Contract No. 8-07-40-S0562) to mitigate the adverse effects of the Dolores Project on the cultural resources in the project area; Washington State University was the major subcontractor. The mitigation program was called the Dolores Archaeological Program (DAP). This volume presents...

DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

Flint and Neusius’ (1987) examination of the assemblage of cottontail remains from the Dolores Anasazi faunal record is an especially good example of synthetic research contributions to DAP research. Their study utilized the subset of the DAP faunal assemblage contained within the BUNNY10 dataset (Flint and Neusius 1987:257). Since the two species of cottontail utilized by the Dolores Anasazi have distinct habitat preferences, their relative abundances provided an opportunity to track patterns...

DATASET Uploaded by: Jesse Clark

The Additive Technologies Group (ATG) was responsible for supporting the broad research goals of the DAP through the implementation of mid-level research design governing the collection and analysis of data from “material culture that results from the technological combinations of a variety of raw materials” (Blinman 1986a:57). While these items include worked vegetal material (e.g., basketry and textiles), much of the work performed by the ATG relates to a large ceramic assemblage including...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Eric Blinman. Carl J. Phagan. Richard H. Wilshusen.

Dolores Archaeological Program activities have included a variety of synthetic supporting studies in addition to descriptive analyses of excavation and survey materials. This volume includes those supporting studies that deal with material culture, dating, and architecture. Material culture papers that focus on lithic materials include typological analyses of projectile points, a study of changes in grinding tools and dietary implications, microwear analyses of flaked stone artifacts, and a...