Society for Historical Archaeology 2016

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hannah Piner. Lauren M Christian. Mitchell Freitas. Allyson G. Ropp. Sydney Swierenga.

East Carolina University’s Program in Maritime Studies studied two shipwreck sites in Cahuita National Park, Costa Rica. These sites presented unique challenges to the group because of their location, distribution, similarities, unique formation processes, and role as part of a dynamic and protected ecosystem. One site has a brick pile and few scattered artifacts, including cannon, concretions, a grinding stone, and two bottles. The other has 13 pieces of concreted cannon, two anchors, and a few...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sara F. Mascia.

For well over a century Historical Archaeologists have been faced with the persistent problem of losing archaeological sites to development.  Recently, another challenge has come to the forefront – how these sites are being adversely affected by climate change.   Many of the problems encountered were the result of either increased coastal flooding or flooding in areas where former watercourses have been diverted, altered, or filled to accommodate development.   In the last decade, requests for...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Corey D. McQuinn.

Since the signing of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966, the Society for Historical Archaeology and the cultural resource management (CRM) industry have grown along parallel, but slightly different, paths. While CRM archaeologists make up more than half of the SHA’s membership, and the industry arguably generates more raw archaeological data each year than any other sector of the discipline, its representation in the journal is disproportionately low. This study presents the results...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alexandria D. Salisbury. Linda Stine.

In the southeastern portion of North Carolina, near the Cape Fear inlet, Fort Anderson was once a protecting force upheld by Confederate soldiers during the American Civil War.  Previous excavations at a specific encampment inside of Fort Anderson provided artifacts that were once assigned to females' activities.  These artifacts have been deemed quixotic due to the gender restrictions of the fortress.  This presentation examines if and how researchers could tell whether males assumed female...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Herbert Seignoret.

This paper explores racial formation in New York City from 1799 to 1863, when the city had the largest free Black population in the North, and ends with the 1863 Draft Riots, which marked a major turning point in the relationship between the city’s Black and Irish communities.  Using the optic of historical archaeology, Diana Wall’s work is critical to this analysis of racial formation in New York City. By unearthing the city's complex racial history while guiding a significant number of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Stephanie Hallinan.

In the early 17th century Spanish colonists came to New Mexico seeking agricultural opportunities to gain wealth and status. Obtaining access to environmental resources proved to be difficult due to a harsh climate and a large population of indigenous people occupying the best agricultural land. Little is known about the colonists that settled on the rural landscapes\ since nearly all documentary evidence and structural evidence was destroyed in the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, and few archaeological...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Johnson. Joseph M. Bagley.

Boston is a city celebrated for its history.  With millions of heritage tourists bringing billions of dollars to the city annually, it is significant and rare for Boston to add additional attractions to its assemblage of historic sites along and around its famous Freedom Trail.  In the summer of 2015, a team of volunteers excavated one of the "lost" Freedom Trail sites, the 1645 Boston Latin School campus, exposing and expanding the sites history to visitors and residents alike.  This paper...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Patrick H. Garrow.

The term "whiteware" is used in historical archaeology to denote refined ceramics with a whiter and denser body than pearlware that generally postdates ca. 1830. Some researchers restrict the use of the term to all later nineteenth century refined ceramics but ironstone and porcelain, while far too many in our field use the term to describe virtually all refined ceramics made after ca. 1830. This paper suggests that the use of the term "whiteware" has made dating sites or components after ca....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Douglas R. Stenton. Robert W. Park.

In 2008, the Government of Nunavut, in collaboration with Parks Canada and other partners, initiated a coordinated and systematic marine – terrestrial strategy in the search for John Franklin’s lost ships HMS Erebus and HMS Terror. This approach yielded new information about key Franklin expedition sites on King William Island and on Adelaide Peninsula, and in September 2014, led to the discovery of HMS Erebus. This paper summarizes the history of land-based archaeological studies of the 1845...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Leslie Crippen.

LGBTQ history can be traced throughout the vast landscape and diverse material culture of our country, from the tribes of North America, to some of the first-established European forts, to the civil rights struggles that have helped shape our modern world. As part of the National Park Service’s LGBTQ Heritage Initiative, researchers and community members have collaborated to create the Map of Places with LGBTQ Heritage, a visual representation of archaeological and above ground sites that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erika K Loveland.

Fort St. Joseph was an eighteenth-century mission, garrison, and trading post located along the St. Joseph River in present-day Niles, Michigan. Architectural elements discovered through excavation over the past decade at the fort provide insights on the techniques and materials used in the construction of associated buildings. Historic documents reveal little information on the fort’s built environment, highlighting the importance of archaeological evidence. This architectural analysis relies...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John R. Bratten.

The first Emanuel Point Ship (EPI) was discovered in 1992 and firmly associated with the 1559 colonization fleet of Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano in 1998.  This followed the initial discovery, preliminary investigation, and multi-year excavation accomplished by the Florida Bureau of Archaeological Research, the Historic Pensacola Preservation Board and the University of West Florida. Since that time, laboratory conservation, additional historical research, the production of numerous student...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Austin J George. Erika K Loveland.

The public seldom understands the complexity of what archaeology is and the many activities that archaeologists conduct in the course of site investigations. The Fort St. Joseph Archaeological Project examines an eighteenth-century mission, garrison, and trading post in present-day Niles, Michigan, ensuring that the community’s education and involvement remain the primary goals. Throughout the 2015 field season, we filmed hours of point-of-view footage using a Go-Pro camera to show the ways in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Charles R. Cobb.

English forts in the Carolina colony embody the ongoing struggle between the ambitions of imperial impositions and the aspirations of frontier autonomy. This tension is acutely reflected in the spatial organization of forts. Whereas colonial authorities sought to separate Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans through the formal segregation of the built environment, life on the frontier encouraged a fluidity in space and identity. The theoretical construct of flat ontologies can be used to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bryan S Rose.

Today Cahuitan fishermen often build and design their own fishing boats used for snorkel tours, lobster diving and artisanal fishing. These watercraft come in a variety of sizes, design and hull decorations. The builders have detailed knowledge about functions and features. Up until the early 1980s all these watercraft were log boat designs, evolving rapidly into modern fiberglass or dugouts covered in fiberglass. Distinctively designed oars are handmade with machetes and used to propel boats...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Susan Langley. Raymond L Hayes. Laszlo Takacs. Marina Congedo.

On the East Coast of North America, nodules of flint often are encountered in ballast piles.  Many archaeologists assert an ability to identify visually when these are of European origin. While, anecdotally, this appears to be generally true, most archaeologists cannot articulate the specific factors they employ in making the identification.  This project, which builds on Barbara Luedtke’s 1992 work, examines geological terminology, tests the visual identification assertion, and employs XRF and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only B. Lynn Harris. Kelsey K Dwyer.

Cahuita, a small Afro Caribbean town in southern Costa Rica, boasts a vibrant community of painters, musicians and fishermen. The plethora of colorful murals on buildings, stone statues, lyrics and sounds of calypso and reggae music, small fishing boats and folklore expand the maritime historical narrative. Themes include dramatic stories about shipwrecks and survivors, nature conservation debates, earthquakes, local wildlife, and fishing adventures. The ECU maritime studies team will present an...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark Kostro.

In 1760, backed by Benjamin Franklin and the College of William and Mary’s faculty, the London based philanthropy known as the Associates of Dr. Bray founded a unique school in Williamsburg, Virginia "for the instruction of Negro Children in the Principles of the Christian religion."  Students, male and female, enslaved and free, attended the school where they were taught Anglican catechism in addition to reading, writing and possibly sewing. As the stated objective of the Bray School was...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Richard K. Wills. Andrew T. Pietruszka.

This paper will examine two recent underwater forensic archaeological efforts undertaken by the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) to address Second World War-era U.S. Naval aircraft wreck sites associated with unaccounted-for U.S. Military service members.  These efforts, in the Republic of Palau and the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, serve as case studies that illustrate the intersection between the responsibility of site preservation, and the duty of personnel accounting via...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bryce A. Davenport. Robert W. Wanner.

This paper presents the results of surface analyses conducted at Cunningham Falls State Park in Frederick County, Maryland using Lidar-derived bare-earth models. During peak years (approximately 1859-1885) Catoctin Furnace employed over 300 woodcutters in 11,000 acres of company-owned land. Recent Lidar acquisitions for this area have allowed us to identify historic collier's pits in the hills and mountains surrounding modern Catoctin Furnace in Cunningham Fall State Park, opening direct...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bradley Phillippi.

The production of history is inherently political and often involves legitimating the status quo by obscuring the historical roots of contemporary inequality. This paper investigates how residents of an affluent suburb on Long Island came to remember one of their historic places as a site representing white, colonial history and heritage exclusively when in fact it was a historically diverse household comprised of white family members and nonwhite laborers. The masking of plural space and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Marley Brown III.

The topic of ritual practices among the enslaved population of the early Chespeake has been extensively examined,, most procatively by scholars such as Patricia Samford ,who have attempted to link what is known about the importation of captive Africans from historical sources to physical evidence encountered at the living sites of the enslaved in particular places during specific periods.  This paper develops a model, combining recent efforts to incorporate memory work, notably forgetting, into...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nicholas P Ames. Ian Kuijt.

The construction of a house can be as much an expression of localized identity as the items contained within. Whether individualized or based on a common layout, these foundations of the "home" play a role in materializing the larger narratives occuring within a society. One of these narratives revolves around the representation of economic "cores" verses "margins" through built space. An example of this dichotomy is the introduction of the Congested District Board standard for housing into the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jessie Garland.

The volume of archaeological work undertaken in Christchurch, New Zealand, since the 2011 earthquake has uncovered a vast quantity of material culture related to the 19th century settlement and development of the city. The challenge of interpreting this material has revealed several unique opportunities to examine questions of consumption and agency in the formation of the city’s material identity. In particular, the city-wide scale of archaeological excavation in combination with a site by site...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John W. Cardinal. Aaron A. Howard. Erika K Loveland. Michael Nassaney. James B Schwaderer.

The 2015 field season of the Fort St. Joseph Archaeological Project marks the 40th annual archaeological field school hosted by Western Michigan University. Students enrolled in this RPA certified field school participated in a number of activities pertaining to public archaeology with a focus on architecture in 18th century New France. Students participated in fieldwork, lab work, writing blogs and posting to our social media, an annual public lecture series, public outreach to over 800 school...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sigrid Arnott. David Maki.

For hundreds of years, Upper Midwest Dakota constructed burial earthworks at natural liminal spaces. These sacred landscapes signaled boundaries between sky, earth, and water realms; the living and the dead; and local bands. During the 19th century, the U.S. Government took ownership of Dakota homelands in Minnesota and the Dakotas leading to decades of violent conflict. At the boundaries of conflict forts were built to help the military "sweep the region now occupied by hostiles" and protect...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Emily S. Dale.

From 2011 to 2014, Dr. Carolyn White and Emily Dale of the University of Nevada-Reno and Fred Frampton and Eric Dillingham of the USFS collaborated on a series of Passport in Time projects in the historic mining town of Aurora, Nevada. The dozens of PIT volunteers who participated throughout the years came from a variety of backgrounds and for myriad reasons, yet all left with a connection to the past and an understanding of the importance of protecting America’s archaeological heritage. By...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Miriam A. W. Rothenberg. Elizabeth Gurin.

Since 2012, Brown University has conducted annual excavations on College Hill with the aim of understanding diachronic changes in the campus’ physical environment and student activities. This poster presents the results of archaeometric research conducted on a variety of artifacts (ceramic, glass, and metal) excavated from a single context abutting Hope College dormitory (constructed 1822). The artifacts were analyzed using p-XRF, optical microscopy, SEM, and EDS, in order to understand their...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth M Scott.

            In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the town of Ste. Genevieve (in present-day Missouri) was supported by agriculture, salt production, and fur-trading, all of which were dependent on enslaved African American and Native American laborers.  French emigrants and New World French descendants made up the majority of Euro-American settlers and French cultural traditions structured daily life in the community.  The built environment included architectural barriers, a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dana Lee Pertermann.

Fort Bridger, WYhas a strong connection to French colonialism in North America. While the original trading post was created to accomodate French traders in the West, the French influence on military structures has not been as well researched in this region. Lunette fortifications that were recorded on historical documents have been found through magnatometry, and are currently being excavated. Features have been discovered that do not match the historical records exactly, however, such as a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Patrick Gensler. Melanie Damour.

Though maintaining a neutral stance in the early part of World War I, German U-boat attacks in American waters in 1916 spurred the U.S. Navy to develop a specialized fleet of anti-submarine watercraft. Dubbed "subchasers," these small but remarkably long-range ships played an important role as a deterrent to the U-boat incursion. Purpose-built subchasers were primarily wooden-hulled; however, steel-hulled vessels were donated to the war effort due to wartime shortages. One such vessel, SC-144,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only karen mudar.

Dr. Stephen Potter, National Park Service National Capital Region Regional Archeologist, will retire in 2016, after 39 years of service. During his tenure, he saw to implementation of many archeological projects, including a nine year project to identify and document archeological resources along the entire 184 mile length of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal NHP. Potter is also a noted writer. Commoners, Tribute, and Chiefs: Development of Algonquian Culture in the Potomac Valley is the first...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Guido Pezzarossi.

This paper explores highland Maya sugar production as a product of later colonial entanglement influenced by precolonial and early colonial innovations and traditions. In the mid-17th century, the colonial Kaqchikel Maya community of San Pedro Aguacatepeque is described as a producer of sugar. Hoewever, the community’s embrace of sugar cane production (and associated sugar products) emerged in a complicated manner: as a product of preexisting precolonial and early colonial cacao tribute...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Stephen Mrozowski.

This paper explores some of the theoretical and evidentiary challenges facing the comparative study of colonialism and its imperial dimensions through the lens of political economy. It focuses on the advantages and limitations of political economy as a framework for understanding the transformation of colonies into post-colonial societies. Drawing on case material from North America, the Caribbean and India –three areas with vastly different colonial histories - this paper asks whether political...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alexandre Monteiro.

On November 26th 1816, the Portuguese-operated ship "Correio da Azia", while sailing from Lisbon to Macao with general cargo and 107,000 silver coins, struck a reef off Western Australia. After a failed salvage attempt, the "Correio" quietly slipped into the History. In 1995, a manuscript detailing her loss was uncovered in Portuguese archives. In 2004, a team from the Western Australia Museum found it. The remains of the Correio da Azia are now more than silent reminders of Portugal’s...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew Reeves.

Engaging with amateur metal detectorists is something that is not new to the discipline of archaeology today, however, some twenty years ago it was a relatively new phenomena. That was the time that Stephen Potter introduced me to working with a relic hunting club in Northern Virginia when I was directing projects at Manassas National Battlefield Park, The success of these projects in both engaging volunteer metal detectorists and results from the artifacts recovered made these surveys a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Harold Mytum.

2016 marks the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology. The society is marking this achievement in a number of ways, including a major conference at Sheffield and a special issue of the journal Post-Medieval Archaeology. This poster reveals some of the features of the Society’s history, allowing comparisons and contrasts with the experiences of the SHA. From a side-line interest of museum professionals and amateurs, post-medieval archaeology has grown and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John Worth.

Between the late sixteenth and mid seventeenth century, the multiethnic colony of Spanish Florida grew by assimilating indigenous chiefdoms into an expanding colonial system defined by missionization and fueled by the production of large quantities of surplus staple foods using Indian land and labor.  Rampant demographic collapse augmented by slave raiding by English-backed native groups resulted in the collapse and retreat of Florida’s formerly far-flung mission system by the early eighteenth...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Casey D. Pecoraro.

The John Carlyle House, a ca. 1753 structure located in Alexandria, Virginia, is owned and operated as a historic house museum and park by the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority.  Limited archaeological survey of the site was conducted by the Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission in 1973, and the subsequent salvage excavations of four features were performed during restoration work on the house undertaken between 1974 and 1976.  The artifact assemblage was later processed, catalogued and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John Cornelison. michael seibert.

Horseshoe Bend is the scene of an important and controversial battle that took place during the Creek Wars of 1813-14. Over 800 Creek warriors were killed during the battle, the largest number of American Indian deaths from any battle in United States history. Recent scholarship has shown that this battle and its aftermath were the end of a 60 year struggle for control of the trans-Appalachian interior. These conflicts began with the French and Indian War (1754-63) and continued until the end of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Filipe Castro.

Computers, robots, and the internet are changing maritime archaeology while a global middle class - the consumers of cultural products - is growing fast, at least in Asia and the southern hemisphere. In this context archaeology, including maritime archaeology, appears as a promising field where a young generation of archaeologists is pushing to include multiple publics and narratives about archaeological remains. Public archaeology is trying to make sense of archaeological discoveries and tie...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Fernando Astudillo. Ross W. Jamieson. Peter Stahl. Florencio Delgado.

From 1880 to 1917 the "El Progreso" sugar plantation operated on San Cristóbal Island in the Galápagos, using steam-driven mechanized sugar processing.  Despite its remote location, this large operation took advantage of the latest industrial technology. Machinery was imported from factories in Scotland and the United States, and a number of specialized machines were used in sugar processing and alcohol production.  After the death of the plantation owner at the hands of his workers in 1904, the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Magda E Mankel.

Given the rising number of Hispanics living in the United States, it is important that the National Park Service (NPS) explore the ways Hispanic individuals understand and use national parks, historic places and historic trails. Exploring Latino perspectives is key if NPS is to collaborate with Latino communities, preserve the meanings and stories attached to historic places, and ensure that historic places remain relevant and accessible to present and future generations. Drawing from literature...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lori Lee.

This paper explores health consumerism of enslaved laborers in antebellum central Virginia. Health consumerism incorporates the modern sense of patients’ involvement in their own health care decisions and the degree of access enslaved African Americans had to resources that shaped their health and well-being experiences. To emphasize the multilayered nature of health and illness, this analysis engages Margaret Lock and Nancy Scheper-Hughes "three bodies model." The three elements comprising this...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ashley Rivas.

Gender ideals of the past were often reflected in everyday material, such as toys and family planning items. The construction of gender ideals, enforcing gender roles throughout childhood through intimate toy interaction, and what kinds of women are considered "proper" women can all be studied through archaeological material. I will be conducting an analysis of material found at three sites in historic Easton, Maryland. Tying the archaeological material found at these sites together by analyzing...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Laura McAtackney.

Belfast has become synonymous with the study of insidious, civil conflict; especially how ethnic, political and religious divisions are materialized and reproduced in the contemporary city. The impact of focusing on segregation and sectarianism has dominated our understandings of the fractured city leaving the issue of gender sidelined. This paper aims to examine the contemporary city through the lens of competing placemaking strategies: the official implanting of contemporary art and the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jonathan Leader. Steven D Smith. James B. Legg.

Investigation of the Revolutionary War site of Fort Motte (38CL1) has been ongoing since 2004. In the 2015 field season volunteers and the summer archaeological field school assisted the work by analyzing 9200 sq meters of the roughly 13 acres of the primary battlefield site by dual gradiometer. Eventually the entire 13 acres will be analyzed. This paper presents the findings to date with special attention to the fortification, plantation house and sap.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ashley D. Taylor.

Hanna's Town (36WM203), an 18th century site located in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, was a major settlement that was attacked and destroyed by a force of British and Native Americans in 1782. The town never fully recovered, and the land was repurposed for agricultural use until it was purchased in 1969 by Westmoreland County, who reconstructed the town for tourism purposes. Overlooking the site is the town's cemetery, which has been given little attention in regards to research. The...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brendan Pelto. Sam R. Sweitz. Jeremy Shannon. Timothy Scarlett.

In June and July of 2015, Industrial Archaeologists from Michigan Technological University working with MTU's geophyics field school conducted field work that consisted of the use of ground penetrating radar, magnetometry, resistivity testing, and LIDAR, to help identify the location of features associated with the earliest African American pioneers of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. This poster details the process and discusses the findings.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brenna E Adams.

This paper examines material culture as well as the ghost tourism of Colonial Park Cemetery in Savannah, Georgia. Colonial Park is a hot spot not only for ghostly activity but also for stops on numerous Savannah walking ghost tours. However, the information presented on many ghost tours often ignores or alters the history of the cemetery. The tours often embellish certain events, such as the 1820 yellow fever epidemic, but perhaps more importantly, they ignore aspects of the cemetery’s history,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jade W Luiz.

Studies in historical prostitution are uniquely poised to demonstrate the importance of partnership between historians and archaeologists. Sites of prostitution may be present in the historical literature; however, the transience of the women employed at these sites means that they often leave ephemeral traces in the written record. Though typically unable to illustrate individual actors within these sites, archaeology can help to reanimate the everyday lives of women in sex work. Using the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Donald La Barre.

This paper reports on the preliminary findings of the Gilchrist Fleet Survey Project fieldwork conducted by NOAA Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary, State of Michigan Department of History, Arts, and Libraries, and Flinders University in the summer of 2015. The goal of the project is to survey the North Point shoreline of Isaacson Bay for historic sunken vessels once owned by the Gilchrist Transportation Company of Alpena, Michigan. Three already located economically abandoned Gilchrist ships...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William J. Wilson.

Visualizing the distribution of artifacts at the CSS Georgia site was a challenge due to the vast amount of material recorded and recovered. To assist in this, a GIS was created which incorporated data gathered from diver reconnaissance and recovery operations. First, unit sketches and notes were scanned and georectified. Later, artifacts positioned from the sketches and ultra-short baseline (USBL) readings were digitized and organized according to type. This allowed the archaeologists to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Daniel J Trepal. Eric Pomber. Don Lafrenier.

We present a case study demonstrating a novel GIS-based archaeological predictive model (APM) adapted for use in postindustrial cities.  In common use among prehistoric archaeologists APMs are also a useful way to analyze historical sources on a landscape scale. This project harnesses massive amounts of historical and modern spatial data to:  determine urban industrial archaeological potential; to determine the potential for the persistence of related historical environmental hazards; and to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hannah E. Harvey.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, western Pennsylvania was a leading center in American plate glass manufacture.  One of the region’s smaller plants was run by the Columbia Plate Glass Company, which operated in Blairsville from 1903 to 1935.  During this time, the glass factory provided a major boost to the local economy and supported a community of workers’ housing.  Shortly after the factory’s abandonment, the United States Army Corps of Engineers purchased the site as part of a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only George Cress.

This presentation focuses on the results of archaeological excavation at Dyottville and Henry Benner’s Glass Factory, both located at the confluence of Gunner’s Run and the Delaware River.  The Dyottville glassworks began as the Kensington Glass Works in the late 18th century and continued into the early 20th century producing many well- known glass bottles, flasks, and other glassware distributed widely throughout the country in the 19th century.  The portion of the factory complex that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Charles Orser.

Symbolic violence is usually subtle even though its physical manifestations can be imposing. Fortifications of colonialist powers express symbolic violence in contextually important ways, but when constructed as part of a colonial-capitalist nexus they have especially strong symbolic power. Focusing on the Puritan colony on Providence Island off the coast of Nicaragua (1630-41), I explore the symbolic nature of the island’s fortifications and their impact upon the indentured and enslaved...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rosemary Hammack.

Following the 1807 British abolition of the slave trade, the West African coast saw the rise of a new phenomenon: the liberation of captive Africans found aboard illegal slaving ships and their resettlement in Sierra Leone and The Gambia. This diaspora group became known as the Liberated Africans, and eventually transformed into the creole ethnic group known as the Aku in The Gambia. After its establishment in 1816 Bathurst (now Bathurst) welcomed the Liberated Africans as a source of low-paid...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Timothy J Horsley.

As geophysical techniques become more frequently integrated into archaeological investigations in Maryland, methodologies are being refined, and their potential is becoming better understood across the discipline. Many factors affect the successful outcome of these non-invasive surveys, including the specific natural conditions and archaeological features at a site, but also careful selection of appropriate techniques and data collection strategies. This presentation will review a variety of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brian J. McNamara.

Six seasons of excavation have yielded numerous artifacts from the Storm Wreck, site 8SJ 8459, a ship that wrecked off St. Augustine on 31 December 1782 as part of the Loyalist evacuation fleet from Charleston, South Carolina. Many of these artifacts reflect the presence of military personnel amongst the ship’s passenger grouping. These include Brown Bess muskets and diagnostic regimental uniform buttons, which spurred archival research in England and Scotland that has led to a better...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Francis McManamon. Leigh Anne Ellison. Jodi Reeves Flores.

Archaeology is awash in digital data collected as part of surveys, excavations, laboratory analyses, and comparative studies.  Sophisticated statistical analyses, spatial studies, contextual comparisons, a variety of scanning technologies, and other contemporary methods and techniques both use and generate complex and detailed digital archaeological data.  Digital data are easier to duplicate, reanalyze, share, and preserve if they are curated properly.  However, digital data curation differs in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Magdalena Naum.

In the 17th century, the Swedish kingdom launched exploitation and colonization programs in the northern region of Sápmi. These programs involved political, economic and cultural rhetoric of reform, progress and utility as well as practical and material actions of rearranging the landscape. Traditionally this process has been viewed as largely designed and controlled by the state with rather passive participation/resistance of the Sami. In this paper I will challenge this picture and discuss the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Maryland Archaeological Conservation Laboratory Federal Curator.

This paper shares an in-depth comparative study focusing on clothing-related artifacts recovered at the Houston-LeCompt site as part a Route 301 data recovery project by Dovetail Cultural Resource Group. The site was occupied in rural Delaware from the mid-18th century until about 1930, and it is representative of the evolution of a typical middle-class clothing assemblage. Eighteenth-century artifacts illustrate specific forms for different garments while a decline in artifacts in the early...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Meagan E. Brooks. Dena Doroszenko.

Landscapes are an imbroglio of structures (abandoned buildings, ruins), spaces, social memory, oral tradition and at times, the materialization of ghosts in places which are sometimes apart from the communities that once thrived in those villages, towns, cities. Whether actively or indirectly, the stories that develop around these sites continue to play a role in building their communities. A number of historic sites and industrial landscapes in Ontario will be discussed in this paper, unveiling...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ryan Saltzgiver. Benjamin C. Pykles. John H. McBride.

Nauvoo, Illinois, is among the most important sites in the history of the Latter-day Saint movement in the United States. Since the 1960s, Nauvoo has been the site of significant historical and archaeological research and interpretation.  With an estimated 1 million visitors annually, the competing needs to preserve the archaeological assets and the continued desire to improve the visitor experience necessitates the most accurate knowledge of these buried resources possible. This presentation...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Jeremy Pye.

The analysis and historical study of burial container hardware and other mortuary artifacts is crucial in establishing a useful discourse between the multiple lines of evidence recorded and recovered in historical cemetery investigations. Exact identification of types and styles of burial container hardware is vital in defining the chronology of burial, which is necessary in situations where grave markers have been lost or moved from their original locations. In addition, variations in hardware...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ben L. Ford.

Hanna’s Town, the first English court west of the Allegheny Mountains, was an important political and economic center in western Pennsylvania from 1769 until it was burned by a party of Seneca and English in 1782. After its destruction, the site was farmed for 150 years before it was acquired by Westmoreland County and placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Over the past four decades a variety of professional, academic, and amateur archaeologists have excavated the site, generating...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paulo F. Bava de Camargo.

In this poster, we intend to discuss some results achieved by the project Harbor Archaeology in Sergipe: inventory and contextualization of structures, developed in the Federal University of Sergipe. We will highlight the remnants and structures identified along the Sergipe River, as well as shipwrecks that have been found in Real and in São Francisco Rivers, both bordering the state of Sergipe. The main goal of this project is to stablish the foundations for the development of a systematic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Samuel P Turner.

This paper examines the collection of tools recovered from the Storm Wreck, a late eighteenth-century Loyalist evacuation transport lost in December of 1782 at the end of the American Revolutionary War on the St. Augustine Bar, in present-day St. Johns County, Florida. A variety of hand tools, many with their wooden handles preserved intact, have been recovered and are currently undergoing conservation treatment. While many of these tools were likely intended for general use in the home or...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Simon H. Goldstone.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a shift from marble headstones to granite has been observed across the United States and in parts of Canada, as well.  The goal of this study is to determine when this shift in headstone material occurred in North Carolina, and what factors contributed to this transition.  Another objective is to determine how this shift impacted the expression of cultural meaning in North Carolina cemeteries.   By examining how the shift from marble to granite caused...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Polly Keeler. Margaret A Comer.

It seems obvious to say that an industrial heritage site should have strong ties to all of its communities, past and present alike, but how can each best be represented and included in all aspects of site planning and interpretation? The village of Catoctin Furnace enjoys a strong level of community support; current residents actively participate in a wide variety of archaeological and living history events. The planned museum, however, with its added emphasis on past worker communities,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lisa Kraus. Jason Shellenhamer.

The Herring Run Archaeology Project is a low-cost, community-based archaeology program that runs almost entirely through volunteer efforts. This paper will present the results of our first year of research and fieldwork, the successes and failures of the project, and the need for new models for public archaeology in Baltimore City. We'll also discuss the ways in which the seeds of the modern neighborhoods that surround Herring Run Park were planted in its earliest European- and African-American...

DOCUMENT Citation Only P. Brendan Burke.

The preservation of submerged heritage in Northeast Florida benefits from poor diving conditions and a lack of awareness of submerged site locations in the region. Overshadowed by the well-known treasure wrecks along Florida’s Treasure Coast and the Florida Keys, the northeastern portion of the state still maintains some of the oldest shipwrecks in North America. As part of the First Coast Maritime Archaeology Project, archaeologists from the Lighthouse Archaeological Maritime Program, the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Chelsea E. Rose.

Like other aspects of Western historiography, the story of the Chinese diaspora in the gold fields has been circumscribed by exotic tales of vice, violence, and alienation.  The legacy of frontier rhetoric has continued to impact scholarship through assumptions of scarcity, isolation, and discrimination.  While discriminatory laws and racial tensions certainly impacted the lives of the nineteenth century Chinese living in southern Oregon, they did not wholly define them.  This paper will...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael Brennan. Megan Lickliter-Mundon. Bruce Terrell.

USS Macon, the last large Navy airship, was lost along with the biplanes it carried off the coast of California in 1935. The wreck site was discovered in 1990, surveyed in 1991, 1992, and 2006, and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. Visuals of the preservation level of the crash site, especially the still partially fabric-covered wings of the biplanes, are incredibly valuable for public engagement with the site. At 1500 ft depth and protected by the Monterey Bay National...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nicholas C. Budsberg. Charles D Bendig. Samuel P Turner. Chuck T Meide.

Previous investigations on the Highbourne Shipwreck in 1986 revealed key construction features that were backfilled for preservation. In May, 2015, a team of archaeologists returned to assess the site, and to answer reflexive questions regarding the effectiveness of partial excavations and backfill techniques. This new examination includes a pre-disturbance photogrammetry model, and limited shovel testing along previously excavated areas. Preliminary results discussed within this paper indicate...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Cori Rich. Jane Bigham. Ian Fricker. Alison Shepherd. Peter Quantock. Jessica Mundt. Julie Powers. Guilliam Hurte Sr..

In response to the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt put millions to work by way of the Works Progress Administration (WPA).  Similar to the efforts made by the WPA, the Veterans Curation Program (VCP) is addressing the unemployment rate for recently separated veterans by providing vocational training and temporary employment, while simultaneously providing the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) with the means to rehabilitate its archaeological collections to Federal standards.  Now the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only P. Nick Kardulias.

The Program in Archaeology at the College of Wooster has collaborated for over a decade with the Wayne County Cemetery Preservation Society (WCCPS) in an effort to help the group meet two primary goals: (1) to record all historical cemeteries in Wayne County, Ohio, including those with no visible grave markers; (2) to educate the public about the importance of cemeteries as monuments of family, local, and regional history. The joint research provides the WCCPS with a foundation of information...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Donald D. Southworth II.

Trash dumps and can scatters have been a thorn in the side of federal and state land management agencies in the western half of the United States. Over the last several years, this discussion on how to handle these sites has increased. While historic archaeologists have, to a limited degree, placed these sites in perspective, these activity features continue to be an issue for the various land management agencies. Often referred to as "isolated dumping episodes" or as "road trash," some agencies...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Patricia G Markert.

Kate Gregory and Andrea Witcomb refer to the narratives of place and history that are created when people visit heritage sites as "possible worlds" – the mental and physical spaces where history is then grappled with, conceptualized, and understood.  This paper considers two sites of African American history where archaeology has been conducted over the past five years, Timbuctoo, NJ and the Sellman Tenant House at SERC in Edgewater, MD, and explores the way narratives around these historic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Clarence Geier.

On October 19, 1864 the massive Union encampment of General Philip Sheridan’s Army of the Shenandoah underwent a surprise attack by the Confederate Army of the Valley commanded by Gen. Jubal Early.  What was an initial Confederate success became an overwhelming Union victory which resulted in Union control of the agricultural wealth of the Shenandoah Valley through the remainder of the war.  Diverse projects in historical archaeology have been conducted across lands included in the Cedar Creek...

DOCUMENT Citation Only April Beisaw.

Archaeological sites can be haunted by past peoples if we convey the stories necessary to presence them; no paranormal powers required. The magic of a ghost story lies in its ability to conjure the emotions of the listener. Many ghost stories are warnings of things that happened, and might happen again. Telling the tale provides listeners with worse-case scenarios and vague instructions on how to avoid a similar fate. Historic sites that contain standing ruins are ripe for such tales because...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Helen C. Blouet.

            This paper discusses interdisciplinary strategies that help students connect personal and professional interests with archaeological goals and methods.  This approach encourages students to evaluate the past and present using archaeology and other perspectives, including those from the arts and sciences, education, healthcare, and business.  I have developed this approach while teaching at Utica College in Central New York.  A Utica College education combines liberal arts with...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David T. Palmer.

The Marsh Plantation was a sugar plantation on Avery Island, Louisiana, established in 1818 by northeastern transplants John Marsh and William Stone. Enslaved and "indentured" African Americans were brought from New York and New Jersey by the partners to work the sugar fields and mill. Through two field seasons, we learned more about the lives of the enslaved and free people, as well as the early sugar industry in Louisiana. Issues of heritage tourism, namely, the elision of slavery and the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sara C. Ferland.

Railroads, roads, canals, and utility lines are becoming an increasingly common type of historical site in Arizona.  Such components of historical infrastructure are important because of their role in the settlement and development of the state. However, project-based archaeological survey often results in these sites being recorded in piecemeal fashion, and their significance evaluated by segments within a given project area rather than the resource as a whole. This session will focus on...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Douglas Jones.

The USS Castine was emblematic of the New Navy’s transformation from wood to steel vessels in the late nineteenth century, and of the evolving use of a vessel over time.  During a 29-year service career spanning the Spanish American War and World War I, the unheralded gunboat proved to be an indispensable workhorse as a blockader, coastal combat vessel, training ship, submarine tender, U-boat chaser, and globetrotting reminder of the long reach of American naval power.  Following the end of its...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paola A Schiappacasse.

This presentation reconstructs the history of the archaeological collection resulting from the 1961 excavations at the Castillo de San Felipe del Morro in San Juan, Puerto Rico carried out by Dr. Hale Smith, from a collections management perspective.  A chronological timeline of the field and laboratory work will allow understanding the type and amount of analyses that has been completed for this collection. Particular consideration is given to the current location of the artifacts, notes and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Charles Dagneau.

The discovery of Sir John Franklin's lost ship HMS Erebus by Parks Canada’s Underwater Archaeology Team and its partners in September 2014 promises long-waited answers to the great mystery of the Franklin expedition. The initial archaeological studies of the site in 2014-2015 clearly demonstrate a great potential for in-context, intact artifact group discoveries. This paper describes the artifacts raised so far and some others yet to be mapped and raised, in an effort to demonstrate the enormous...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Heather Olson.

In 2014, the Public Archaeology Laboratory conducted archaeological excavations at the former House of the Good Shepherd orphanage in Tomkins Cove, New York. Over 4,000 domestic and structural artifacts were found at the site, offering glimpses into its nineteenth-century orphanage history as well as its use as a Fresh Air Association summer retreat during the twentieth century. Although small, the nineteenth-century artifact assemblage reflects the life of the orphans who lived there. Current...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kristen R. Fellows.

Brothel madams were often responsible for managing their establishments and the women who lived and worked in them. Unsurprisingly, "female boarding houses," the euphemism often used for such sites on historic maps, have typically been gendered as female spaces. On the other hand, saloons tend to be thought of as male spaces despite the presence of prostitution in most of these businesses. This paper will begin to argue that a rethinking of space and gender in regards to brothels will provide...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alicia Paresi. Jennifer McCann.

All archeological material found on National Park lands must be curated and cared for in perpetuity, though often very little funding is designated for this purpose. This has led to an enormous backlog of artifacts and records in almost every park. For the last 15 years, the Northeast Museum Services Center has been providing cataloging services to National Park Service units in the Northeast Region. In that time, we have recovered an incredible amount of data about the NHPA-generated archeology...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jenifer C. Elam. RPA.

In 1866, Reverend Ebenezer Gay became the guardian of six orphaned children. The home he would make for these children and many others, known as the House of the Good Shepherd in Tomkins Cove, New York, was a self-sufficient, working farm that taught the children hard work and responsibility and also acted as the hub of Reverend Gay’s mission work in the community. While some of the site’s architectural history is still extant, much of its archaeology is obscured by the structural debris left on...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hayden F. Bassett.

Across the sugar-producing islands of the Caribbean, the "slave village" has remained both a significant object and context for archaeological study of plantation slavery. Recent landscape perspectives have fostered new methods for seeing the material lives of enslaved people at the household and community scales. In recent years, however, little attention has been given the household infrastructure that extended beyond the house itself and articulated quarters into a village complex. The swept...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christopher McCarron.

When Loyalist families evacuated Charleston, South Carolina in December 1782, they carried with them all they could bring from their homes. Domestic artifacts recovered from the Storm Wreck include pewter spoons and plates, a glass stopper, ceramics associated with tea consumption, a variety of iron and copper cookware, fireplace hardware, clothing irons, straight pins, padlocks and keys, furniture hardware, a candlestick, and a door lock stripped from an abandoned home, wrapped in course cloth...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Stephanie T. Sperling.

The Anne Arundel County Department of Planning and Zoning, Cultural Resources Division (CRD), employs only one professional archaeologist but contracts with several independent consultants in order to support its regulatory mandates and programmatic goals. These consultants are responsible for a wide variety of tasks that include staffing an open-door lab, designing Traveling Exhibits that encourage education and conversation about personal collections, and conducting site visits to identify,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rita F. Elliott. Daniel Elliott.

Explore nine conflict archaeology projects funded through the American Battlefield Protection Program that have created myth-busting, fact-finding, context-developing, landscape-defining, community-collaborating results! The LAMAR Institute’s work on these projects in Georgia, Louisiana, and South Carolina encompassed Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Civil War, and other conflict archaeology sites. Project areas lay in rural, suburban, and urban areas. Presenters examine the tangible successes of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Barbara Bane.

Many of the nineteenth century roads that enabled Yosemite National Park to become a national treasure – Wawona Road, Glacier Point Road, Great Sierra Wagon Road, and the Washburn Road to the Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoias ‒ were built by Chinese workers. Chinese cooks, servants, hotel employees, and farm/ranch hands contributed to the park’s tourist services into the early 20th century. Today, few traces of this Chinese presence remain: stone walls, roadbeds, bridges, and a handful of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Theodor M Maghrak.

Previously excavated and curated collections are often seen as unworthy of serious scholarly attention. The drive to produce using entirely "new" excavations, artifacts, and data sets underlies and reinforces this pattern. This paper discusses two major components of using decades-old collections: research and responsibility. It first summarizes recent research demonstrating the accretion of class identity among French Huguenots in early 18th-century New York City. It then moves on to offer...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Douglas K Smit.

This paper will present preliminary results from excavations at Santa Barbara, the central labor encampment for the mercury mines of Huancavelica. Located in the Central Peruvian Andes, Huancavelica was the largest source of mercury in the Western Hemisphere and a critical source of wealth for Spain’s colonial empire. The Spanish administration mobilized labor through the infamous mita, a rotational labor tax that required colonial provinces to send one-seventh of their population to work in the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael P Scafuri.

Beginning in 2014, the conservation staff at Clemson University’s Warren Lasch Conservation Center (WLCC) in Charleston, South Carolina have been removing the marine concretion from the hull of the American Civil War submarine H. L. Hunley.  In parallel with this, the archaeological team has been documenting the condition of the hull, as well as the concretion layers and hull features revealed by the deconcretion process. This documentation has involved photography, direct measurements, and 3D...