Society for Historical Archaeology 2016

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jessica Glickman. Dave Conlin.

In one of the most consequential historical processes in global history, over a period of approximately 300 years, more than 12 million enslaved persons were stolen from their homelands in Africa and forcibly placed in the new world.  The maritime technology utilized for this shameful trade developed rapidly driven by market forces, while the physical characteristics of ships designed to transport slaves changed over time due to economic, cultural and historical constraints. This presentation...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bruce Terrell.

The Fall Line at Virginia's James River has drawn people from throughout human history to take advantage of the river's resources for sustenance, transportation and industry and figures in Richmond's establishment and growth over time.Often portrayed as one of North America's most historic waterways, the James' tidewater intersection with the uplands at Richmond has a maritime identity that is not often recognized. Much of the river's historic cultural landscape has been eroded by natural and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Noel Harris.

This paper presents a study of Clover Bottom’s extant outbuildings and historic dwellings in relation to excavated artifact concentrations and architectural features in order to expand our understanding of the plantation landscape from the perspective of its African American majority. Vernacular architectural research presents clues to dates of construction and shifting building functions over time. Informed by primary descriptions of the property, the study of spatial relationships and lines of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anatolijs Venovcevs.

While the nineteenth century transformed North America through explosive growth in industrialization and consumerism, growth in Newfoundland, one of Europe’s oldest overseas colonies, was constrained by its harsh climate. Much like in centuries earlier, industrial-era Newfoundlanders continued to rely on its one fickle and seasonal resource – cod. To mitigate the erratic nature of this aquatic mono-crop, many rural Euro-Newfoundlanders participated in a form of transhumance spending up to six or...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Teresa D. Bulger.

The everyday paths and patterns of late-19th-century San Franciscans brought them to a variety of businesses, workplaces, and institutions. This paper will use the archaeological and historical data from a series of domestic sites located in the South of Market Neighborhood in San Francisco to trace these paths throughout the city. Using an analysis of the local products, the schools, institutions, and workplaces, this paper seeks to shed light on the lives of working-class San Franciscans. In...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert C Bryant. Jeffrey Glover. Brennan Collins. Robin S Wharton.

Large historical collections of cultural data are difficult to maintain and utilize due to sustainable accessibility, funding, curation, and interest. At Georgia State University we have an archaeological collection procured in the late 1970s from the construction of the MARTA rail line. This paper discusses our efforts to make this collection more than a resource for archaeological research. Collaborative interdepartmental projects have given the collection new life by engaging students and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew McKnight.

Since passage of the National Historic Preservation Act a growing body of valuable data has been generated by state agencies, CRM professionals, and preservation officers. Unfortunately, this data is usually trapped in an archaic paper-based format, restricted geographically to a single state archive. All too often the data is brought to light only to be "reburied" in the SHPO’s library where it may be largely inaccessible to researchers scattered throughout the country. This paper describes how...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christina Hodge.

This paper considers intersecting identities of gender, race, religion, age, and status in early America, centering on the colonial Harvard Indian College—a highly charged masculine setting in the 17th-century Massachusetts Bay Colony. Institutional structures and the material culture of daily life constrained masculinity for Native American and English members of the early Harvard community while establishing education as a trope of patriarchal power. Young men adopted intensely religious lives...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rachael E. Fowler. Kenneth J. Basalik.

Abstract: Additional archaeological fieldwork is not always the most cost effective means of mitigating project impacts to archaeological sites. DELDOT in conjunction with the Delaware SHPO has recently developed a series of alternative mitigations for projects on the US Route 301 Project. One of these alternative mitigations involves material culture studies. The material culture studies are unusual in that they address the material culture from numerous historic archaeological sites...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jodi Barnes.

Camp Monticello, a World War II prisoner of war camp located in rural Arkansas, housed 3,000 Italian enlisted men, officers, and generals. As a military institution and a homosocial space, Camp Monticello provides a lens into the social construction of masculinity and the intersections of class, gender, and cultural difference in the 1940s. This paper will deconstruct heteronormative white maleness and explore the ways that gendered and cultural identities were both maintained and performed...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kristin M. Montaperto.

During excavations conducted in the 1990s by The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission, a number of small religious objects (i.e. medals, rosary, cross) were uncovered at Northampton, a prominent Prince George’s County, Maryland, plantation. These artifacts were discovered within two slave quarters, a wood frame quarter dating to the late 1790s and a brick quarter dating to the second quarter of the 1800s. Both enslaved African Americans and African American tenant farmers lived...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Meagan K Conway.

This research explores the nature of marginality on the periphery of the British Empire.  The edges of empires are shifting, culturally-negotiated borders with the capacity to disclose important information about social networks and cultural change.  Households in these places are subject to transnational processes and make choices which demonstrate the presence and connections with broader global networks of economic and social access.  This project focuses on the ramifications of national...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Greta Rayle.

One of the "Five Cs" on the Arizona State Seal, cattle ranching has contributed greatly to Arizona’s growth and prosperity since Father Francisco Kino first introduced cattle in the 17th century. Ranching continues to influence the economic and cultural heritage of Arizona today, with nearly 4,000 ranches spread across the state’s 15 counties. This session will briefly summarize the archaeology of Ranching in Arizona, with emphasis on the San Rafael Ranch. Formally established as a the San...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melissa Frederick.

Archaeologists have studied bone, shell, and glass beads for several decades, in search of their meaning among Native American cultures. The significance of these small artifacts among the Cherokee is evident in their mythology, personal adornment, and rituals. Thus, they represent an integral part of Cherokee cultural identity. Previous archaeological research at 40GN9, linked to the sixteenth-century Cherokee town of Canasoga located in Tennessee, demonstrated the predominantly shell beads...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Charlotte K Sunseri.

Cuisine and diet are topics of particular interest to scholars of Chinese communities in the Nineteenth-century American West. Many zooarchaeological analyses have identified beef and pork among the main provisions for miners and townsfolk, and this paper will synthesize archaeological and historical evidence for food access and supply while exploring contexts of socioeconomics and cuisine which likely structured food choices. By focusing on both urban and rural sites to compare access and food...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christopher Sabick.

The Lake Champlain Maritime Museum (LCMM) has been exploring the use of mechanical scanning sonar systems for the documentation of the shipwrecks found within its waters.  These technologies allow for fairly rapid recordation of 3D structures in limited visibility environments.  The LCMM has deployed this technology on two canal boat wrecks to determine its effectiveness in comparison with traditional documentation techniques.  This presentation will review the results of those studies as well...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Larry James. Ralph Bailey. Charles F. Phillips Jr..

The Upper Ashley River region of South Carolina is characterized by cypress swamps that form a relatively straight, narrow river that flows unimpeded to Charleston.  This landscape provided the ideal location for early estates of the planter elite in the eighteenth century. These Carolinians developed the rice and indigo plantation culture of the Lowcountry. The region became the crossroads of many historical events including the development of rice cultivation, Native American trade and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Angela J. Smith.

In my work as a professor and public historian, research material often unfolds from teaching. In my Spring 2013 Introduction to Museum Studies class at North Dakota State University, students conducting primary source research on early Fargo discovered a will and probate records for Melvina Massey. The records show that she was an African American and ran a brothel in Fargo for more than 20 years. The course concluded with an exhibit, "Taboo: Fargo-Moorhead, An Unmentioned History," and one of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Quentin P Lewis.

This paper focuses on the role of materiality and spatiality in the making of rural New England--a "historic place" with powerful resonances to the cultural identity of the United States. Rural New England was the site of 19th century historic preservation movements that sought to reclaim important objects and landscapes from material and social disintegration. Farming was integral to this construction, and the figure of the Yeoman was a frequently deployed categorical subjectivity, whose...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Timo Ylimaunu. Titta Kallio-Seppä. Paul R. Mullins.

Pictures are one resource illuminating memory and forgetting of Finnish World War Two heritage. Pictures taken by Finnish Army photographers document wartime rituals, landscapes, and methods of warfare of German, Finnish and Soviet armies. In our paper we will examine how these wartime material practices and rituals were used to create, maintain and destroy identities and memory. Our discussion will focus on how the Finnish pictures were used to shape memory during and after the war.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Joseph Balicki.

After the Federal Army aborted the Mine Run Campaign, the 2nd Corps, 3rd Division, 2nd Brigade was ordered to return to their campgrounds near Brandy Station, Virginia. These camps were front-line short-term bivouacs of troops on active campaign. The material culture these soldiers possessed differs from troops in permanent camps, rear-echelon camps, and winter quarters. The artifact assemblage found in a front-line camp reflects one activity: warfare. In such situations, ammunition, weapons,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Shaun Richey.

Organized in 1863, the Cortez Mining District is located in central Nevada and was an early silver producer.  The mining technology employed at Cortez included the Washoe and Reese River pan amalgamation processes, the Russell leaching process, cyanide leaching, and oil flotation.  Cortez was also the proving grounds for the cyanide heap leaching that began in the late 1960’s and has since spread throughout the world.  New milling technology, once brought into the district, was subject to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark Freeman.

Recent research into the dissemination of digital archaeological data in Virginia suggests that effective access is complicated by issues of licensing, citation, permanence, context, and data interoperability. Additionally much of the data remains digitally inaccessible, suggesting both a digital curation problem, and also the concept of a data gap – a difference between interest in other people’s data, and a willingness to make data available. Further support for this data gap, seen in many...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Audrey Horning.

Examinations of the imposition of colonial ideologies actualised through the mechanism of plantation, or enforced settlement, in Ireland often highlight plantation as a stark process that was founded upon, and thus fully accommodated to, a fully-fledged version of mercantile capitalism. Yet on the ground, engagements between peoples reveal that ideologies were incompletely applied, plantation plans seldom realised, and new economic formulations incompletely rendered. On close examination,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Chelsea R. Freeland.

The Civil War shipwreck Modern Greece serves as an example in the development of a theoretical model to analyze value as a means of interpreting shipwreck and cargo abandonment. This model outlines a set of multiple hypotheses to test the economic and utilitarian values associated with the abandonment of a large volume of blockade-runner cargo from this vessel. This project identifies the possibilities for expanding this theoretical framework to address the abandonment of shipwrecks, cargos, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Caitlin N. Zant.

Anecdotally, divers report metal shipwrecks throughout the Great Lakes are deteriorating at a much faster rate than in the past. This accelerated deterioration has been attributed to invasive muscle colonization on submerged resources, but has never been systematically measured. The development and use of new 3D modeling technologies, such as Structure from Motion (SfM), provides the opportunity to analyze these changes in an innovative and analytic way. Using the SS Wisconsin as a testing...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Austin L Burkhard.

Scattered near the coastline of Assateague Island, along the Maryland/Virginia border, hundreds of ships met their demise through harsh weather conditions and treacherous shoals. Similar environmental factors have allowed archaeologists to document these sites through the establishment of a Historic Wreck Tagging Program. The author, working for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, developed and implemented a system to track the degradation and movement of shipwreck timbers as a means to manage...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Frank Cantelas. Amy Borgens. Michael Brennan. James Delgado. Christopher Dostal. Frederick H Hanselmann. Christopher Horrell. Jack Irion.

Research on a cluster of shipwrecks known as Monterrey A, B, and C is providing new information on early 19thcentury regional maritime activity in the Gulf of Mexico. The shipwrecks are nearly 200 miles off the U.S. coast, yet rest within a few miles of each other in water over 1,330 meters deep.  Although the vessels are quite different from one another, their close proximity and shared artifact types suggest they were traveling in consort when a violent event, likely a storm, led to their...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kelli Casias.

One unintended consequence of the Prohibition Era in the U.S. was an unorganized but national collective social resistance movement based in individual civil disobedience.  Recent research into the town of Anaconda, Montana during alcohol prohibition has revealed that men and women participated in moonshining activities. Comparison of male and female offenders in Anaconda indicated that the informal economy in which alcohol resided, was formalized by city officials as a legitimate economic...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John H. Sprinkle.

First published in 1969, the National Register criteria were based on a thirty year track record of administrative review and historical evaluation by a National Park Service program whose mandate was to deter, deflect, and discourage the acquisition of new parks proposed for addition to a system already burdened with maintenance backlog issues. But the goal of the "new preservation" was never to acquire and interpret a comprehensive panorama of the American experiment; its mission was to ensure...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David J Mather.

Fort Snelling, built in 1820 at the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers, was the first National Historic Landmark designated in Minnesota, and among the state’s first listings in the National Register. The site of the frontier fort was the focus of a grassroots historic preservation effort in the 1950s, leading to large-scale archaeological excavation and reconstruction. Historical designations and programming have focused on the fort’s military history, extending from the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sanna Lipkin. Erika Ruhl. Saara Tuovinen.

This paper examines commemorating children in premodern northern Finland. The hypothesis is that high child mortality (forty percent died before the age of four) affected the ways in which children were commemorated and how childhood was perceived. The primary question is, how mourning is visible in the coffin textiles and accessories? These materials have been unearthed both in town and rural cemeteries, while some of the clothes are dressed on mummified deceased below church floors. The...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Chris T. Espenshade.

The nineteenth-century potters of southwestern Virginia came from diverse, geographic sources.  These individuals brought with them extra-local traditions of pottery decoration and kiln technology.  The origins and interactions of Washington County potters will be delineated as case studies of how potters moved across the countryside.  Individual potter histories will presented as illustrative of the general trend of movement of potters out of Pennsylvania, Delaware, eastern Maryland, and New...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Russell N Sheptak.

In 1714, Candelaria, a pueblo de indios (indigenous town) in Spanish colonial Honduras, concluded a decades-long legal fight to protect community land from encroachment. Documents in the case describe the movement of the town, originally called Masca, from a site on the Caribbean coast, where it was located in 1536, to a series of inland locations. Many other pueblos de indios in the area moved to new locations in the late 1600s or early 1700s. The mobility of these towns, their incorporation...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Deborah L. Miller.

The potting industry of Philadelphia has a long and storied past, beginning in the late 17th century with William Crews, the first documented potter in the city. More than fifty years of archaeological research has provided incredible insight into the ceramics industry of Philadelphia, not only in terms of available wares, but also the role Philadelphia ceramics played in the early American marketplace. This presentation explores the 18th century development and diversity of the Philadelphia...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael Hess. Vid Petrovic. Dominique Rissolo. Falko Kuester.

Historical structures can pose great challenges when attempting to uncover their past and preserve their future. Centuries of damages induced by continued use, settling and natural disasters have impacted these structures, each of which have the potential to hinder their response to future events.  This paper presents a methodological approach that utilizes technologies like laser scanning, photogrammetry, thermal imaging and ground penetrating radar in order to generate a holistic, layered...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alberto E Nava Blank. Roberto R Chavez. Alejandro E Alvarez. Vid Petrovic. Dominique Rissolo. James C. Chatters. Joaquin Arroyo. Pilar Luna Erreguerena.

The submerged cave chamber of Hoyo Negro contains a diverse assemblage of human and faunal skeletal remains dating to the Late Pleistocene. Many of the represented animals became extinct at least 10,000 YBP. The human skeleton is that of a young girl who ventured into the cave at least 12,000 YBP. Most of these deposits are extraordinarily well preserved. Detailed recording of this chamber is difficult, as the site is completely dark and at maximum depth of 57m. Over the past two years, the team...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jayne S Godfrey.

Built in the 1880s to load Alabama coal onto ships for export, Muscogee Wharf has functioned as an important landmark along the Pensacola waterfront through present day.  The wharf saw its fair share of damage from numerous hurricanes as well as various fires. The Louisville& Nashville Railroad (L&N) ceased operations in the 1950s due to significant fire damage.  Although the wharf functioned through the 1970s as a dock for barges and tugboats, the remaining structure was left to deteriorate;...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ryan J Bradley.

At the dawn of the 20th century, a revival swept the ports of New England ushering in an era of wooden shipbuilding not seen on the Atlantic coast since the Civil War.  These vessels, schooner rigged for the coastal trade, were built for bulk, ferrying cargo from southern ports and the Caribbean to the industrial powerhouses of Boston and New York.  A builder, based in Mystic, Connecticut, joined in and produced a number of vessels that shared more than the same port of origin; nearly half met...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Joseph C Hoyt. Nathan Richards.

In 2012, NOAA’s Monitor National Marine Sanctuary, East Carolina University, and the UNC-Coastal Studies Institute began a collaborative effort to offer NAS training to community members throughout North Carolina and Virginia.  Since then the initiative further opened to additional partners from state agencies, not-for-profit organizations, and dive shops and an expanded offering of courses spanning from introductory courses to Part 3 modules (and standalone projects) are now offered.   This...

DOCUMENT Citation Only karen mudar.

The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) introduced a fundamental change to Federal agency archeology, promoting systematic and coordinated investigations of archeological resources in anticipation of Federal undertakings and for management purposes. In response to challenges of complying with NHPA Section 106 and 110, the National Park Service implemented the Systemwide Archeological Inventory Program (SAIP) in 1992. Its purpose was support archeological projects designed to locate,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brian A. Jordan. Dave Ball. Chris Campbell. Brandi Carrier. Douglas Jones.

The mission of the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, within the U.S. Department of the Interior, is environmentally responsible development of energy resources on the outer continental shelf (OCS). The OCS includes some 1.76 billion acres of submerged Federal lands and many types of historic properties. The activities that BOEM regulates on the OCS extend beyond this jurisdiction to include vast onshore and offshore Areas of Potential Effect. This paper will examine how BOEM archaeologists have...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew R. Virta.

Archeological investigations conducted to identify historic properties as part of compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act often yield additional information to benefit the resources and the undertaking.  Case studies from two National Park Service sites, Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial (ARHO) and Glen Echo Park (GLEC), both under the administration of the George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP), provide examples from unexpected situations during...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kellie J. Bowers.

This research furthers our understanding of colonial-Native relations by identifying and analyzing artifacts that indicate interaction between Native Americans and English settlers in Plymouth Colony collections. This project explores the nature of these interactions, exposing material culture’s role in both social and economic exchanges. Selected 17th-century collections were excavated in modern Plymouth, Massachusetts, and nearby Marshfield and Kingston. My examination includes identifying...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Maggie Burkett.

Between 2009 and 2015, excavations of the Storm Wreck (8SJ5459), a late 18th-century British shipwreck off the coast of St. Augustine, Florida by the Lighthouse Archaeological Maritime Program (LAMP) has revealed a variety of navigational instruments and components of such instruments. The primary navigational instruments discussed in this paper are a pair of navigational dividers, an octant, and a mathematical device known as a sector rule. This paper presents a historical analysis of each...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Justin E Eichelberger.

As part of the Federal policy toward colonizing the West Fort Yamhill and Fort Hoskins, 1856-1866, were established to guard the Oregon Coast Reservation and served as post-graduate schools for several officers who became high ranking generals during the American Civil War.  During their service these men, often affluent and well educated, held the highest social, economic and military ranks at these frontier military posts.  This paper examines the material culture excavated from six of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kurt Jordan.

Fine-grained attention to the material conditions of indigenous daily lives over time reveals myriad changes completely incapable of being explained by models such as "traditional sameness" or "acculturative change." Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) sites were occupied for only 15-40 years before planned abandonment, so examining a sequence of these sites provides an excellent way to look at change over time. This paper examines local dynamics at three Seneca sites, illustrating strategic Seneca...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark Nonestied.

A community mausoleum is an above ground communal burial structure. The modern community mausoleum can trace its roots back to 1906, when William Hood patented and built his "new and useful burial crypt" in a Ganges, Ohio cemetery. Hood formed the National Mausoleum Company to build additional structures, but also faced competition from competing firms trying to capitalize on the new community mausoleum craze. In a little over five years, more than 100 community mausoleums were built -- by 1915,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mike Whitehead. Ben Ford.

Fort Necessity National Battlefield marks the location of the July 3, 1754 engagement between British and Colonial forces led by Lt. Col. George Washington and a force of French soldiers and allied Native Americans.  The day-long battle took place within the Great Meadows, a natural clearing chosen by Washington to centralize supplies and livestock while clearing a road westward through the Allegheny Mountains.  A hastily fortified storehouse referred to as a "fort of necessity" was ultimately...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Gregory Cook.

Investigations on the second shipwreck identified as a vessel from Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano’s 1559 fleet have intensified during the past year due to successful funding efforts.  The site, known as "Emanuel Point II", is a well-preserved example of ship architecture related to early Spanish colonization efforts. Archaeologists and students from the University of West Florida have focused recent excavations on the vessel’s stern and midships area, and have uncovered new artifacts and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John J. Knoerl. T. Kurt Knoerl.

A detailed map entitled "Posts of the Canadian Fur Trade" was included in the fourth edition of the Atlas of Canada.  Over 800 fur trade locations spanning the years 1600-1800 were noted on the map along with the company affiliation, and duration of operation.  A quick glance at the map shows how this important aspect of the French and British colonial economies spanned the continent’s northern regions and consequently its aboriginal inhabitants.  Forty-one years later little is known about the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jillian Galle.

Unlike primary sources, archaeological assemblages can be used to estimate per-capita discard rates that reveal the flow of goods through time and the complexity of purchasing patterns on a range of sites.  In addition to filling these gaps, the archaeological record provides data on individuals and groups not represented in probate inventories and wills, two document types most often used to track consumer habits on both the small and large scale.  Unfortunately measuring and comparing...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Justine McKnight.

This paper will focus on the interpretation a large flotation-derived floral dataset produced from seven archaeological mitigations accomplished under the Route 301 Mega Project.   A diverse range of features (wells, cellars, smokehouses, root cellars, middens, kilns, slave quarters) were sampled from a variety of domestic, agricultural and small-scale industrial contexts that comprised the social landscape of rural Delaware during the 1700’s and 1800’s.  The collective floral data make a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Cara Frissell.

The New York City Archaeology Repository houses public archaeological collections from the city, revealing the material culture of the city’s history. Using a case study, this poster explores expanding access to the archaeological data of New York City.  In 1991 and 1992, Professor H. Arthur Bankoff, Chair of the Anthropology and Archaeology Departments at Brooklyn College, led excavations of Van Cortlandt Park. The toothbrushes, chamber pots and medicine bottles recovered from the mansion and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kimberly I Robinson. Arthur J Lapre. Jenifer Eggleston. Kelly Clark. Gavin Gardner. Kate Birmingham.

This poster will highlight efforts within the National Park Service to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. Started as a group project for the Park Service's 2015 class of the Generating Operational Advancement and Leadership Academy, our project team assembled of professionals from across the park system is working to develop a resource toolkit to aid regions, individual park units, and park staff in commemorating the act and educating the general...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dudley Gardner. William Gardner.

A.Dudley Gardner and William Gardner In north central Mongolia the Buryats (Buriad) herders build log cabins for homes. While different from nineteenth century log cabins built in the American West, there are similarities. As part of our analysis we noted that the proximity of houses to corrals in both northern Mongolia, Montana, and Wyoming are similar enough to one another that choices on how to utilize space in herding cultures may be based on economic and environmental considerations that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James Meierhoff.

In the latter half of the 19th Century, the ancient Maya ruined city Tikal was briefly reoccupied.  The frontier village was established some time before 1875, and had a maximum population of 15 households comprised of at least three distinct Maya speaking groups.  However, the site was again abandoned when archaeologists visited Tikal in 1881.  Most of the inhabitants were reportedly said to be Yucatec refugees fleeing the violence and upheavals of the Caste War of Yucatan (1847-1901) that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Karen B Wehner.

21st-century communication technologies bridge previously unimaginable spatial, cultural, and ideological gaps, without providing young learners with the rational and emotional tools they need to participate in a global society. With its multicultural perspective on the human condition across time and space, historical archaeology is uniquely equipped to fill this void. But the current state of public education ensures that today’s youth are unlikely to get that opportunity, unless we bring it...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kimberly Pyszka. Kalen McNabb. Maureen Hays.

Constructed in 1707, the foundational remains of the St. Paul’s Parish parsonage provide a rare opportunity to study an early colonial residence in South Carolina. Based on 2010 excavations, the parsonage was believed to be a traditional hall and parlor plan; however, recent excavations revealed that the parsonage likely had an enclosed projecting entrance tower. While this feature was common in mid-to-late-17th-century houses in England, Virginia, and other English colonies, they are very rare...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melissa Price. Jennifer F McKinnon. Charles Lawson.

The title of this paper illuminates the short sided approach held by those in search of "treasure" in the 1960s and 1970s in south Florida. It also provides a window into the past and present about how the Pillar Dollar Wreck in Biscayne National Park has been, and continues to be, impacted by adventure seekers, treasure salvors and looters. This paper outlines recent archaeological excavations of the Pillar Dollar Wreck and reveals there is still much to be found and studied in the shifting...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kelsey Noack Myers. Alvin Windy Boy. Sr..

In the quarter of a century since the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) was enacted, attempts to involve descendant Native communities in research on and interpretation of archaeological resources have been met with limited success. Blurred lines delineating ancestral lands and migration routes across modern state boundaries, historical political alliances, and dynamic cultural identities often cause confusion and a defeatist attitude in approaching and working with...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kim Christensen.

Warren Cheney (1858-1921) of Berkeley, California lived during the period in which ideals of Victorian manliness shifted to those of a more brutish masculinity.  Suffering from ill health and neurasthenia for most of his life, he pursued an "outdoor life" while also participating in the Bay Area literary arts scene, embodying the tensions and contradictions of shifting gendered behavior ideals.  Historical documents and archaeological excavations undertaken at the Cheney family home enable us to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Siobhan Hart. Katherine Dillon.

We examine the material residues of 17th century Pocumtuck Indians to understand their long-term entanglements with others: kith and kin, ally and adversary, Native and non-Native. The Pocumtuck resided in New England’s middle Connecticut River Valley and were enmeshed in the Euro-Native exchange networks made possible by the river, its smaller tributaries, and well established trail networks linking Native and non-Native communities in all directions. We consider objects of copper alloy, stone,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sara E. Bon-Harper.

As part of Ash Lawn-Highland’s strategic direction, the historic site has undertaken a new phase of research to address lingering mysteries about the standing house and its story as a portion of James Monroe’s 1799 main residence. Addressing the questions involves a multi-disciplinary team and opens the door to the creation of revised public narratives. This paper discusses the points at which uncertainty entered the site’s established narratives, the range of research efforts in the current...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Allison J.M. McGovern.

This paper highlights the value of existing museum and contract archaeology collections to new directions in archaeological research. Renewed attention to "old" data sets serves to decolonize archaeology and to challenge existing narratives with new questions. The collections discussed in this paper all come from eastern Long Island, New York. I draw attention to how narratives of Native American cultural loss and disappearance are constructed locally through archaeological heritage, and I...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dena Doroszenko.

There have been many meeting places for Ontario's Parliament throughout the province’s history, including three purpose-built structures prior to the current Legislative building in Toronto known as Queen’s Park. This paper will address the archaeological investigations of these buildings since the Ontario Heritage Trust has recently acquired the archaeological collections. The Trust owns a portion of the First Parliament site and has interest in conserving in situ and interpreting the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rolando Garza. John Cornelison. michael seibert.

In the spring of 1846 General Zachary Taylor led half of the U.S. Army to the northern banks of the Rio Grande to occupy the territory claimed by both Mexico and the recently annexed state of Texas.  This show of force was intended to pressure Mexico into peacefully releasing these lands to the United States.  However, by early May Taylor’s troops would defeat the Mexican Army at the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and the Siege of Fort Brown and occupy Matamoros.  These opening...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Douglas B. Mooney.

Since the late 1960s multiple archaeological investigations have been conducted along the city’s Delaware River waterfront – the area that forms the heart of Philadelphia’s historical social and economic center.  These excavations have succeeded in documenting sites associated with the growth and development of the city’s port facilities, the foundation of the early ship building industry, 19th and 20th century industrial expansion, as well as the working class people and families who made the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lori Frye. Edward Salo. Benjamin Resnick.

The Battle of Ewa Plain began in the morning of December 7, 1941 and was part of the larger surprise attack by the Imperial Japanese Navy on United States military forces stationed at Pearl Harbor. Home to the former Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS), Ewa, and several plantation villages, this area was subjected to waves of strafing by Japanese aircraft. Working closely with local preservationists, a National Register nomination was prepared for the battlefield including a somewhat novel KOCOA...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Joshua A. Daniel. Andy Sherrell. Ralph Wilbanks.

On 6 June 1944, Allied forces launched the largest amphibious assault in history. In the first 24 hours, over 5,000 ships and 13,000 aircraft supported 160,000 Allied troops in their attempt to land on a 50 mile stretch of beach in Normandy. Almost 70 years later, over the course of 27 days in July and August of 2013, a team of archaeologists, hydrographers, remote-sensing operators, divers, and industry representatives surveyed over 511 km2 off beaches in Normandy.  The team identified over 350...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kristina Whitney.

In the 19th century, ethnographers documented numerous Pueblo groups throughout the American Southwest making and using ceramic flat-backed canteens. These canteens pose unique manufacturing issues due to their shape: they are symmetrical along only one axis due to one flat and one bulbous side, and the closed rim is parallel to the flat side, not perpendicular as is usual. They are also extremely similar in shape to large European canteens, and thus can offer insight to the complex...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jonas Nordin.

During most of the 20th century the Swedish Roma people were forced to be constantly travelling, and usually not being allowed to settle down within a municipality for more than a few weeks at a time. This changed in the mid 1960’s when the Swedish state made sure housing was found for the last members of the group still living in camps. The project "At the outskirts of the city – Swedish Roma life narratives and camp sites from the 20th Century," is based on interaction and cooperation between...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Charity M. Moore. Matthew Victor Weiss.

Rock piles are some of the most ambiguous features encountered in cultural resource management, encompassing diverse origins and functions (e.g. field clearance cairns, byproducts of road construction, and Native American burials or markers).  A single pile can appear to be consistent with multiple interpretations and each interpretation carries implications for how the rock pile is then recorded (or not recorded) and evaluated against the NRHP criteria.  Drawing on recent fieldwork and case...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rebecca Schumann.

This paper explores the use public historical archaeology at contested sites as means of, and discussing uncomfortable racial histories with multiple communities. Virginian’s colonial and Early Republic heritage struggle with giving a voice to non-Euro-Americans, acknowledge racial inequality, and attracting tourists. This struggle often results in silences that perpetuate structural inequalities from the past in the present. Drawing from my own research and experiences in Virginia, I argue that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Stephen C. Atkins. Dessa E. Lightfoot.

Oyster shell is one of the most frequently recovered materials from archaeological sites in the Chesapeake, but they are often un- or underutilized in archaeological interpretations.  In an effort to explore what information these shells can provide, Colonial Williamsburg's Environmental Archaeology Laboratory has been engaged in an on-going, multi-site, multi-disciplinary, synchronic and diachronic program of research to investigate how oysters recovered from sites in the Virginia Tidewater can...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kristin A. Gensmer. Mary Van Buren.

Appearance-related artifacts from the Vanoli Block (5OR30), a late 19th and early 20th century sporting complex in the mining town of Ouray, Colorado, indicate that both the women working in the cribs and their patrons projected a working-class appearance.  An examination of artifacts through the lenses of performance and practice theory is supplemented with historical data regarding class, gender, and costume, and suggests that the sartorial choices made by these women and men emerged from the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bailey E. Berry.

My research records the tasks and methods of everyday production at the Parizek Shell Button cutting station in Central Delaware. In addition, it explores connections to the economy and development of surrounding towns and to the broader national industry. Data were collected through an investigation of the site, research through historical records, and interviews conducted with individuals who have knowledge of the button cutting industry. Data specific to the Parizek Brothers Shell Button...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Peggy Brunache. Sharyn Jones.

In a time when social and racial justice and collective action is evermore the crux of African American communities, the importance of public engagement and community archaeology and mapping historical activism is evident. This paper will present initial findings of the archaeological and archival research project at the Parker Academy, founded in 1839 in southern Ohio. This Academy was the first school in Ohio, and the country, to house multiracial coeducational classrooms. Importantly, it was...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Meg Watters.

April 19, 1775, at the border of Lexington and Lincoln in Massachusetts, Captain John Parker and the Lexington Militia met the British Regular troops as they retreated to Boston following the exchange of fire that marked the start of the Revolutionary War at Concord’s North Bridge.  The Parker’s Revenge Project seeks to determine the location of the Parker’s Revenge battle through an innovative approach to funding, research, and public engagement.  Funded by the Friends of the Minute Man...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Emma Dwyer.

Mark Crinson writes of the city as a physical landscape and a collection of objects and practices that both enable recollections of the past, and embody the past through traces of the city’s sequential building and rebuilding. The homes of the people of Vauxhall, an inner-city district of Liverpool, were demolished and rebuilt in successive waves of ‘slum’ clearance during the 20th century, the latest manifestation of the area’s working-class housing being shaped by residents themselves – a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David Ingleman. Nicole Ferguson. Michael Shaw.

In 2015, archaeologists and community members in Flagstaff, Jamaica cooperatively excavated the site of a 19th-century British married soldier’s quarters, located in the former Maroon Town Barracks. Little is known about the identities of the soldiers who occupied these structures, and even less is known about the identities of their wives and families. The excavations sought to understand how the site’s former inhabitants enacted and contested their ethnic and gender identities through the use...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nicole Grinnan. Charles Lawson.

In August 2015, the Florida Public Archaeology Network (FPAN) and Biscayne National Park collaborated to provide a Submerged Sites Education and Archaeological Stewardship (SSEAS) program in Biscayne National Park for local recreational divers. The SSEAS program is intended to train recreational divers in the methods of non-disturbance archaeological recording in order to provide them with the skills to independently and responsibly perform tasks associated with monitoring and protecting...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Steven D Smith.

Battlefield, or Conflict Archeology, has made great progess in South Carolina thanks largely to the American Battlefield Protection Program funding and guidance.  This paper summarizies numerous successful efforts to identify, delineate, and preserve South Carolina's battlefields.  In many cases, these efforts have gone beyond preservation; initiating and investigating research questions that have resulted in important new knowledge.  This paper concludes with a few personal observations on the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ian Burrow. Patrick Harshbarger.

The alternative mitigation for the Reedy Island Cart Road Site envisions a historic context that will provide a capstone synthesis for evaluating the significance of 18th-century archaeological resources in southern New Castle County. During the U.S. Route 301 project the Reedy Island and Bohemia Cart Roads have emerged as important archaeological features; the cart roads link heretofore unrecognized 18th-century resources, mainly small dwelling and nucleated farm sites, to a trans-peninsular...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Donald K. Creveling. Matthew D. Cochran.

Compton Bassett is a multi-component historic and archaeological site located on the Patuxent River in Prince George’s County, Maryland. It embodies the evolution of a plantation landscape that bridges the establishment of large scale slavery in the early eighteenth century to the formalization of architecture and landscapes from the mid-eighteenth century though the late nineteenth century. This paper will look at the development of the architecture and landscape of Compton Bassett via...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Starr N Cox.

On or just after 31 December 1782, sixteen ships from a larger fleet evacuating Charleston, South Carolina wrecked while attempting to enter the St. Augustine Inlet. One of these sixteen ships, the Storm Wreck, has been the focus of six seasons of excavation for the Lighthouse Archaeological Maritime Program (LAMP), the research arm of the St. Augustine Lighthouse & Maritime Museum. The firearms recovered from the shipwreck include three Brown Bess muskets, two of which were loaded and in the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Chesney. Deirdre Kelleher.

Although many of the most well known archaeological projects undertaken in Philadelphia have been large-scale CRM projects, university-based research in urban archaeology also has a long history in the city. Recent archaeological projects completed at Elfreth’s Alley and The Woodlands reveal the contributions that two such small-scale academic projects can make to our overall understanding of Philadelphia’s urban development, and the insights that such projects offer not only into Philadelphia’s...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kotaro Yamafune. Dan Bishop.

In June 2015, Texas A&M University, the Institute of Nautical Archaeology and the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum hosted a field school at Shelburne Bay, Lake Champlain. Along with manual recording by archaeologists, the team applied photogrammetric recording (Agisoft PhotoScan) to Wreck 2. The goal of this recording was to create an accurate 1/1 scale constrained model to use as archaeological data. However, low visibility of the water (2-4 ft.) and the sheer size of the wreck (135 ft. 6 in. in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Allyson G. Ropp. Emily A. Schwalbe.

Cahuita, Costa Rica is a secluded part of the Caribbean coastline where, historically, pirates hid away to escape capture and to restock their supplies. It was also an entry point to bring slaves into the mainland Spanish colonies. Two shipwreck sites, which have yet to be positively identified, are part of the attractions in the bay for snorkel tourism. The stories about the origins of the wrecks are very diverse, ranging from French and Spanish pirate vessels (Palmer 2005) to the Danish slave...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Connie Kelleher.

The southern coast of Ireland in the early-17th century enjoyed a booming trade in exotic goods like pepper, cinnamon and other spices. This was underscored by an even brisker trade in pleasures of the flesh where the women in the pirates’ lives ran successful businesses of their own, providing safe houses, taverns, inns and brothels that tapped into the business of plunder. This was a time and place when illicit activity was the norm, when ships bringing plundered goods operated openly and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael P Roller.

The discovery of a revolver in the privy deposits of a home in a coal company town in the anthracite region of Northeast Pennsylvania evokes a long history of Southern Italian racialization as violent and vindictive by dominating groups. These imagined characteristics mobilized the privileged to fear, and thereby act to contain or exclude Southern Italian laborers wherever they lived. At the same time a transnational context reveals complex historical continuities when considered through...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Marika Hyttinen. Titta Kallio-Seppä.

During the 18th and early 19th centuries, every coastal town in northern Finland’s Gulf of Bothnia had their own pitch tar mills. The pitch was produced from boiling tar and used as creosote to make wooden sailing ships watertight. The global need for pitch and tar made these products an important export product for early modern Swedish trade. The pitch tar mills were often located near towns on the mainland’s coast or on offshore islands nearby. Since 1640 in the town of Oulu, for instance, the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Antoine Loyer Rousselle.

The Habitation Loyola (1668-1778) is a Jesuit mission and plantation located in French Guiana that was occupied between 1668 and 1768. The establishment was dedicated to the production of sugar, indigo, coffee, cocoa, and cotton to finance the evangelization of Amerindian groups in South America. This vast plantation site has been studied since 1996 through a partnership between Université Laval and French researchers. The latest excavations (2011-2015) have been conducted on the storehouse and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nicole M. Isenbarger.

The wealth of the Southern states was built upon the free labor of enslaved Africans toiling in the agricultural fields of their masters’ staple crops. In the Lowcountry of South Carolina the enslaved worked within the task system, which allotted them "free time" to then work to supplement the meager rations they were given. Research into the diets and spirituality of enslaved Africans can lend insight into the foods they purchased, grew, and foraged – personal agriculture in the face of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David G. Hyde. Katrina C. L. Eichner.

Too often, children are made invisible in the archaeological record. However, as a site of experimentation and play where multiple interrelated subjectivities are in constant negotiation, childhood is the foundation for identity construction. Using an assemblages of children’s toys and personal items from 19th and 20th century Fort Davis, Texas , we posit that childhood is a reflection of larger social dynamics. Employing the materials of daily life, we will focus on how children’s negotiations...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tomas Mendizabal. Frederick H Hanselmann. Juan Martin.

Sorting through myth and popular perception in order arrive at truth and historical veracity is one of the most intriguing aspects of historical archaeology.  Featured in a variety of media, and, of course, the iconic rum, Henry Morgan lives on in modern popular culture.  Yet through the little historical documentation and archaeological evidence that exists, much can be learned about his exploits that led to the creation of his fame and legend.  The Spanish Main, or the continental Spanish...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David Landon. Christa Beranek. Kellie Bowers. Justin A Warrenfeltz.

In 2015 the University of Massachusetts Boston’s undertook a second season of fieldwork along the eastern side of Burial Hill, Plymouth, Massachusetts. Excavations targeted a strip of land in the gap between a series of 19th-century buildings and historic burials within the cemetery. Two areas uncovered preserved early deposits. In one of these an intact Native American component of the site was identified, while in the other several colonial era features were discovered and documented. The...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brendan J. M. Weaver.

At the time of its expulsion from the Spanish Empire in 1767, the Society of Jesus was among the largest slaveholders in the Americas. The two Jesuit Nasca estates (San Joseph and San Xavier) were their largest and most profitable Peruvian vineyards, worked by nearly 600 slaves of sub-Saharan origin. Their haciendas and annex properties throughout the Nasca valleys established agroindustrial hegemony in the region. This paper explores the political and economic dynamics among enslaved subjects...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erin Whitson. Rebekah Montgomery. Zachary Critchley.

The 1840’s witnessed an influx of immigrants flocking into the United States in search of economic opportunity and stability. The Biry family, along with several other Alsatian families, followed suit in 1844. They established the town of Castroville, Texas and continue to celebrate their Alsatian heritage today. While they did find opportunities within Texas, they were also forced to engage in negotiations of national, ethnic, and class identities. This paper reflects on these negotiations by...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Adewale Oyediran.

Two Danish ships that wrecked at Cahuita Point in Costa Rica carried many slaves of Yoruba ethnicity from a geographic locale in the vicinity modern day Nigeria in Africa. Danish Company records reveal that in addition, to human cargoes of around 400 slaves each, one ship included 4,000 pounds and the other 7, 311 pounds of ivory.  Founded in 1425 A.D., the port city of Badagry played a strategic role in both the transatlantic slave and ivory trade. Maritime Cultural Landscape Theory is a useful...