Society for Historical Archaeology 2016

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lynn Rainville.

In 1858, a transplanted Vermonter, Elijah Fletcher, died in Amherst, Virginia, leaving his antebellum plantation and over 140 enslaved individuals to three of his children. His oldest daughter, Indiana Fletcher Williams, combined this inheritance with some of her own wealth and founded Sweet Briar College in 1900 through a directive in her will. In 2001, I began researching the descendants of the enslaved community, studying an on-campus slave cemetery, and designing brochures and exhibits to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Catherine Spohn. Douglas B. Mooney.

The I-95 GIR Improvement Project is one of the largest transportation related undertakings in Pennsylvania, and the project area winds its way through some of the most historically significant neighborhoods along the city’s Delaware River waterfront. From an archaeological standpoint, the project area encompasses an extremely complex series of sub-surface environments and developmental contexts, within which an astonishing quantity and variety of cultural deposits and features continue to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kevin Gibbons.

In the early settlement of Iceland, Scandinavian pioneers brought their social knowledge alongside herds of livestock to the untamed island and in turn initiated a millennium-long tradition of livestock husbandry and survivorship in a harsh and unpredictable environment. Decades of integrated historical ecological research across Iceland allows for an exploration of the complex human ecodynamics of this marginal European outpost in the North Atlantic. Comparative osteometrical data from multiple...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Annamari Tranberg.

Macro- and microfossil studies from the early modern Ostrobothnian towns provide information about both natural and cultural elements of local landscapes, including how landscapes changed in time and affected people’s lives. In this paper, I will discuss how the Ostrobothnians used their local plants. The period from the late 17th to the late 18th century was a time of significant chances in the philosophy of life and economic policy in Sweden, as well as in Europe in general. During the 18th...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jennifer Poulsen. Joseph M. Bagley.

Every so often, the fingerprints of potters are left in the wet clay of coarse earthenware vessels.  Many of these evocative "signatures" have been observed on redware that was excavated from the 18th-century Parker-Harris Pottery Site and Three Cranes Tavern Site in Charlestown, Massachusetts.  Using a short-range 3D laser scanner to capture this data, a small comparative data set was compiled to determine if these biometric identifiers (finger and hand prints) could be used to directly connect...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Roger Warden.

Roughly a mile-and-a-half from Diamond Shoals Light Tower off North Carolina's Outer Banks lie the broken remains of an unidentified ship resting on the sand at a depth of 150 feet.  For two years, members of the Battle of the Atlantic Research and Expedition Group have researched this vessel, both in the archives and in the water.  Is it, as theorized, the wreck of the Panamanian tanker Olympic, possibly sunk in early 1942 by U-66 during the opening phase of Operation Drumbeat, the German...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nicholas Honerkamp.

Historical archaeologists are familiar with the tensions that exist between documentary, oral history, and archaeological data. On many coastal Georgia plantations, a clear expression of such tension is seen in the documented presence of large slave populations that lived and worked on plantations and the typically miniscule  number of cabins in which the slaves presumably resided, as indicated by historic maps or from in situ structural remains. Typically this dramatic discrepancy is simply...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jaco Boshoff. Stephen Lubkemann. Yolanda P Duarte.

In December of 1794 the São Josè Paquete d’Afrique foundered off of Capetown while transporting nearly five hundred slaves from Mozambique who were destined for northeastern Brazil, resulting in the death of over two hundred souls. This presentation reports on how ongoing archaeological work on site combined with archival work in Africa, Europe, and South America have enabled identification of the shipwreck. It reflects on some of the insights research about this event is providing about the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Renae J. Campbell.

Japanese ceramics from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries have been recovered from a variety of archaeological contexts throughout Western North America, but large collections or in-depth analyses of these materials are relatively rare.  As a result, standardized formal, temporal, and functional typologies are only just emerging and site comparisons are often difficult.  This paper presents the preliminary results of a synthesis of ceramic data from several large collections of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katrina C. L. Eichner.

As spaces of translation, frontiers and boundaries are the ideal location to study personhood and identity as inhabitants of these landscapes constantly experience and actively negotiate between the multiple live realities that are shaped by often conflicting ideologies. I propose the use of third-space as a framework for understanding the fragmentation and fluidity of experience in the American frontier during the 19th century. Using materials related daily life at a multi-ethnoracial, western...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lauren K. McMillan.

Scholars disagree about the impact of English mercantilist and Dutch free trade policies on the development of the 17th-century British colonies in the mid-Atlantic region and many argue that because the Dutch were rarely mentioned in the records of Virginia or Maryland after 1660 and the passage of the Navigation Acts, Dutch merchants were absence from the colonies. However, my research, which draws on a close reading of the archaeological and historic record focusing on trade patterns,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark S. Tweedie. Allison J.M. McGovern.

Indigenous dispossession and forced relocation remain central features of historical narratives, as they are used to explain the seemingly "natural" cultural loss and subsequent disappearance of Native peoples. However, these occurrences are less frequently remembered as acts of violence that supported privilege and cultural hegemony. In this paper, documentary and archaeological evidence are used to highlight instances of indigenous removals on eastern Long Island in the post-contact era, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kurt Russ.

From urban centers like Richmond to backcountry markets in the upper Shenandoah Valley, developing Virginia stoneware manufacturing traditions were strongly influenced by New York and New Jersey production.  The migration of potters rooted in this early transplanted Germanic stoneware tradition -- many sought out by Virginia businessmen and entrepreneurs beginning in the last decade of the eighteenth century – resulted in regional styles and variation in production in Virginia reflective of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Vincent H. Melomo. Thomas E. Beaman. Jr..

Constructed in 1862 over the ruins of the Colonial port of Brunswick, Fort Anderson was part of the Confederate coastal defense network designed to protect Wilmington, North Carolina.  Early archaeological work in the 1950s documented the presence of Civil War-era chimney falls comprised of recycled colonial bricks and ballast stones in an undeveloped, wooded area of the public historic site.  Archaeological investigations undertaken within this area by the 2009 and 2011 William Peace University...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jeneva Wright.

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity. To date, however, archaeologists are still developing their relevancy and role in informing climate change research, management strategies, and understanding. Coastal and underwater archaeological research has significant potential to offer insights into past human adaptations to climate change, and to provide an anthropogenic lens through which the history of climate change might be viewed. In addition to providing historical...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paul P. Kreisa. Nancy Powell. Geri Knight-Iske.

St. Elizabeths Hospital was championed by Dorthea Dix during the 1840s-50s as a model hospital for the treatment of the mentally ill. Starting in 2005, Stantec has conducted archaeological investigations at the Department of Homeland Security’s new home on the Hospital’s West Campus. One of the persistent questions we are asked is: "Where were the kilns?" Annual progress reports to Congress mention the presence of "kilns" but give no clue as to their number, location, or nature.  Various field...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth A. Horton.

The U.S. Army’s Fort Vancouver in southwest Washington served as the headquarters for the U.S. Army’s Pacific Northwest exploration and campaigns from 1849 to World War II. During the mid-19th century, members of the military community operated within a rigid social climate with firm cultural expectations and rules of behavior that articulated with Victorian notions of gentility. Excavations of residential areas occupied by junior officers, non-commissioned officers, laundresses, and enlisted...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ruth Trocolli.

Despite the District of Columbia’s small size (69 sq. miles), the proportion of property in federal ownership, about 25%, results in a large number of projects annually subject to Section 106 review. Every federal agency, quasi-federal agency, and non-federal entity using federal funds enters 106 consultation, even those without in-house preservation professionals to guide them. Agencies without archaeologists rely on the District’s archaeologist for expertise and guidance. Mitigation has...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Samuel M Cuellar.

The port of Indianola once served as the Gulf Coast's western terminus, providing the shortest overland routes to the Pacific Coast and access to countless European and American immigrants settling west Texas. By 1871, Indianola was second only to Galveston in the size and traffic of its port. Success was short lived, however. Two successive hurricanes in 1875 and 1886 destroyed the city, causing its widescale distruction and abandonment.  Despite a rich, important history, Indianola has not...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Adrianne B Sams.

Antebellum industrialization in West Florida fostered diverse settlements associated with water-powered mill complexes. Abundant natural resources and desirable landscape characteristics provided an ideal setting for silvicultural pursuits as opposed to agrarian endeavors that relied heavily on suitable soils. Mill seats represent unique landscapes that differ from agrarian settings, affecting community organization for multi-ethnic, hierarchical populations. Arcadia Mill (1830-1855) developed...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kerry S. Gonzalez. Michelle Salvato.

In the spring and fall of 2012 Dovetail Cultural Resource Group conducted data recoveries on two historic sites associated with the Route 301 project in Delaware. Both sites had soil conditions resulting in heavily corroded metals, which were found in abundance. X-radiography was needed to identify indeterminate artifacts and prioritize conservation needs. The resulting x-rays allowed for accurate catalogs, thereby aiding in site interpretation and resulting in a better understanding of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tiago M Fraga. George Schwarz. Stephen Lubkemann.

Although the history and archaeology of slavery has been well researched, relatively few studies have focused on the design, construction, and use of slave ships. The slave trade introduced new social elements and cultural exchange and created networks of global communication which, after the abolition of slavery, grew into complex international trade systems. The study of slave ships allows us to not only better understand the mechanisms behind this social phenomena, but also brings to light a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ricardo Duarte. Yolanda P Duarte. Stephen Lubkemann.

This paper reports on the ongoing integrated maritime and terrestrial archaeological investigation of two prominent slaving landscapes that represent different experiences in Mozambique’s millennium- long experience of being shaped by Indian Ocean, intra-African, and Transatlantic slave trades. Mozambique Island developed in part around slaving (to the Levante) in the 9th century, and rose to become an epicenter of slaving across the Atlantic as well starting in the late 18th century. In...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James Delgado. Kelley Elliott. Frank Cantelas. Robert Schwemmer.

A ‘cruise of opportunity’ provided by The Boeing Company, which wished to conduct a deepwater survey test of their autonomous underwater vehicle, Echo Ranger, resulted in the first archaeological survey of the scuttled aircraft carrier, USS Independence, in the waters of Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in March 2015.  While a preliminary effort, and not comprehensive, the survey confirmed that a feature charted at the location was Independence, and provided details on the condition of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hunter W Whitehead. Nicole O Mauro.

Known locally as the U.S. Navy's ‘Cradle of Aviation’, the Naval Air Station in Pensacola, Florida has been a fundamental training ground for U.S. naval aviation since the beginning of the 20th century. During World War II, the U.S. Navy was eager to train as many young pilots as possible. Many of those inexperienced pilots were quickly processed through an accelerated flight-training program. Often aircraft would be lost during training missions and left to sink in the Gulf of Mexico. Available...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Shaun Richey. Amanda Rankin.

The Virginia Street Bridge, one of the oldest reinforced concrete bridges in the west, located in downtown Reno, Nevada, was built in 1905 and designed by the well know architect John B. Leonard. The bridge stood on the founding location for the city of Reno and with its construction shifted the commercial core of Reno away from the railroad and to the Truckee River making the area around the bridge a center point for commerce in the city.  Because of the bridge’s loss of structural integrity...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melissa Price.

This poster presents research on the effects of treasure salvors on Spanish colonial shipwrecks in Florida. Currently, there is no basis for quantifying treasure salvor impacts on Spanish colonial shipwrecks. The Pillar Dollar wreck in Biscayne Bay and three vessels from the 1733 Spanish plate fleet serve as case studies for this research. The poster addresses the following questions: 1. What can the academic investigation of the treasure salvor industry reveal about what is lost or gained...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jane Cox.

What began out of a need for free labor to salvage significant sites threatened by development over 20 years ago has evolved into a sophisticated web of public education and community outreach. This wrap-up discussion of the session will summarize the lessons learned and reflect upon the benefits, and the costs, of conducting academically-oriented archaeological research alongside avocationalists and students. 

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katelyn Kean.

This poster presents the findings of an evaluation of the ways in which museums interpret and present slavery throughout Maryland and Virginia to the public. By comparing the various themes amplified when presenting slavery in a museum setting today, aspects of slavery the public is able to understand after visiting are assessed. To gauge this, a survey was administered to visitors at each of the following sites: Mount Vernon, Colonial Williamsburg, Monticello, Montpellier, and Sotterley...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew A. Kalos.

Upon arriving at Head of Elk, Maryland, General William Howe led his British and Hessian forces on a march through the Mid-Atlantic colonies on a quest to capture Philadelphia.  Hessian jaeger Captain Johann Ewald documented the march, the engagements, and the litany of individuals he encountered during the Philadelphia Campaign.  Utilizing his journal as a unit of analysis, this paper seeks to understand the diversity of individuals and groups that played a role in the Philadelphia Campaign. ...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alicia Odewale. Josuha Torres. Thomas H. Foster.

The Christiansted National Historic Site in the US Virgin Islands has served as a landmark site documenting the history of African Diaspora and Danish occupation in St. Croix from 1733-1917. Three archaeological projects surrounding the Danish West India and Guinea Company Warehouse have uncovered a wealth of cultural resources that have lasting implications for the largely Afro-Caribbean descendent Crucian community and for future interpretations of urban slavery in Caribbean contexts....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Susan Villerot. Samantha Malette. Don Adzigian.

Following the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, Detroit became an emerging urban and industrial center. During the early-mid 19th century, private homes, hotels, manufacturers, and grocery stores densely populated the neighborhood along the Detroit River. Over 19,000 artifacts from this waterfront neighborhood were recovered in 1973-74, during the construction of the Renaissance Center, within a 9-city block area. The Renaissance Center Collection ceramics tell a rich story of various...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Suzanne Spencer-Wood.

Early-twentieth-century American reformers aimed to teach boys a feminized form of masculinity that was symbolized and materialized in supervised team games on playground ballfield landscapes. Organized play expressed new conceptions of childhood in a sequence of stages. Reformers organized team games to modify capitalist masculinity with what were considered feminine moral values of cooperation, fairness, and individual self-sacrifice for the greater good. Women became identified with these and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Yoon Kyung Shim.

Japanese American internment intersected with Native American sovereign space at the Poston internment camp in Arizona during WWII. This intersection was not coincidental, nor was it unnoticed by those most directly affected by it, namely internees and members of the Colorado River Indian Tribes. Internees and local residents processed their own and each other's confinements and engaged with each other in various ways during and after the war, a process which continues today at the Poston...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth S. Vehmeyer.

Created in 1991, the NPS American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP) promotes the preservation of significant historic battlefields associated with wars on American soil. The ABPP provides professional assistance to individuals, groups, organizations, or governments interested in preserving historic battlefield land and sites associated with battles. The ABPP also awards grants to groups, institutions, organizations, or governments sponsoring preservation projects at historic battlefields;...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hannah Piner. B. Lynn Harris. Melissa Price. Katherine Clevenger.

A site comprising cannons, anchors, and dispersed bricks on the seabed of Cahuita National Park may represent scenarios of a scuttling trail, a wrecking event, or dramatic crew mutiny where sailors set fire to their ship after a disastrous voyage. Danish West Indies historic records and local Afro-Caribbean folklore center around stories of pirate ships and two 18th-century slave ships that were burnt or broken up by surf in this location. The ECU team investigated the distribution patterns of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christopher R. Moore. Richard Jefferies.

For the past 10 years, the Sapelo Island Mission Period Archaeological Project (SIMPAP) has been surveying and testing the site of the Mission San Joseph de Sapala on Sapelo Island, Georgia.  Over this time we have learned a great deal about the site’s Guale Indian and Spanish inhabitants.  Among the most interesting contexts investigated is a Spanish structure with a likely military function.  Architectural and other features associated with the structure yielded a relatively high frequency of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katherine L Clevenger.

            Their strategic location in the Mediterranean caused numerous cultures, empires, and countries to fight over and conquer the Balearic Islands of modern-day Spain. In the ancient world, Menorca - the easternmost island of the Balearics - was influenced or conquered by the Minoans, Carthaginians, Romans, and Vandals, respectively. Prior to the Romans’ arrival, the native Baleares were known for their skills with the sling and were hired as mercenaries throughout the Mediterranean. The...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Judith E. Thomas.

Cantonment Burgwin (TA-8/LA 88145) was erected near Taos, New Mexico, in 1852 as part of the U.S. Army defense system in the newly acquired American Southwest. Situated along the road between Santa Fe and Taos, the cantonment provided protection for the settlers from Apache and Ute threats until 1860 when it was closed and abandoned. Archival research indicates that the cantonment’s guard house was a detached structure fronting the wagon road. An 1857 sketch of the cantonment, however, suggests...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Meredith Hardy.

Sharing a birth year with the NHPA, the National Park Service’s Southeast Archeological Center has served as steward to the cultural resources and archeological heritage for the national park units across the southeastern United States. For 50 years SEAC has overseen and conducted the majority of NHPA-related activities in these parks, provided training and education to both NPS staff and the public. This paper examines the roles SEAC has played in resource stewardship, protection, and education...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Steve Lenik.

A central objective of the Society of Jesus, known as the Jesuits, that emerged soon after the order’s founding in 1540 was to send out missionaries to establish and maintain communities of indigenous converts to Christianity. The mission emerged as a common institutionalized form to carry out this proselytizing, and has provided a useful analytical unit for archaeological research. However, the Jesuits operationalized other modes of colonization in the Americas including ranches, parishes, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Garrett Fesler.

In this paper I examine how archaeologists make sense of the archaeological record at sites occupied by enslaved Africans in the Chesapeake region during the antebellum period.  In particular, I offer an alternative explanation for some assemblages of artifacts that are routinely interpreted as African Diasporic spirit caches.  In addition to sharing similar cultural belief systems, enslaved Africans experienced comparable levels of privation.  Poverty may have motivated some enslaved Africans...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kendy Altizer.

From the colonial period through the twentieth century, brick looting was a common occurrence in the South Carolina Lowcountry. Most accounts are related to the Revolutionary and Civil wars when brick was stolen from ruins or abandoned structures to repair damaged buildings or construct new ones. This study focuses on the built landscape of Peachtree Plantation in St. James Santee Parish, South Carolina. This 450-acre parcel contains the remnants of the second largest plantation house in the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert Selig. Wade Catts. Matthew Harris.

After a series of military disasters that threatened to end the Revolution, the Battle of Princeton was the first American victory in the field against British regulars and followed on the success of the first Battle of Trenton ten days earlier. A comprehensive mapping study funded by the American Battlefield Protection Program offers a reinterpretation of the battle through the use of documentary, graphic, and archeological resources, and the correlation of the historical record with the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jim Bruseth.

La Belle was a ship used by the seventeenth-century French explorer Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle in his effort to establish a French colony along the northern Gulf of Mexico.  Ultimately La Belle wrecked along today’s Texas Gulf Coast in 1686.  The wreck was discovered in 1995 and resulted in a multi-year year program of excavation, conservation, interpretation, reporting, and exhibition. This paper will present the results of all these phases of  analysis and reporting by summarizing the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Connie Kelleher. Fionnbarr Moore. Karl Brady.

Following recent extreme weather events, one of the three Spanish Armada ships lost off the Sligo coast in Ireland in 1588 has again been revealed. The remains of La Juliana, the only Catalan ship of the three, is currently exposed. The State Underwater Archaeology Unit of the National Monuments Service (NMS) has been carrying out detailed recording, excavation and recovery of material throughout the summer to map the current site and protect vulnerable artefacts lying on the seabed. Several...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Maura A Bainbridge.

This paper explores the memory of the Battle of Homestead at the Waterfront shopping center and other related sites throughout Pittsburgh. Through interviews, site visits, and guided tours, I compare the approaches to this memory by various involved groups, such as developers, artists and community organizations. My analysis employs an archaeology of supermodernity to consider the authorized heritage discourse surrounding the Battle of Homestead as it relates to sites of labor struggle in the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Laurence Pouliot.

Labrador, an important crossroad for cultural and material goods in America, has known many social changes during the 18th century. The inhabitants of this vast and cold territory have changed their way of living during this period by transforming their winter houses, by adopting new objects and by changing their social organization. European and Inuits have lived side by side at this time, trading together. All these exchanges have created more than just a trade network. New objects and new...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kevin Crisman.

A 120-mile-long ribbon of fresh water between Vermont, New York, and Quebec, Lake Champlain has long served as a convenient pathway for trade and communication through the interior of northeastern North America. The lake was at the forefront of the 19th century’s steam navigation revolution, starting with the launching of Vermont in 1809 and ending with the retirement of Ticonderoga in the early 1950s. This paper will briefly examine historical highlights of Champlain’s steamboat era and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Denise Jaffke. Tricia Dodds.

Lake Tahoe is the third deepest lake in North America. On its southwest shore is Emerald Bay, a fjord embayment that has long been recognized for its spectacular natural beauty and as one of the most photographed places on earth. Just offshore of  the historic site of Emerald Bay Resort are the remains of the "Mini-fleet." These ten small craft, representing a variety of vessel form and function, operated on Emerald Bay from 1890-1940 for recreation. The Mini-fleet represents 90 percent of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth C. Clay.

Landscapes are shaped by the experiences of people over time, serve to establish and reinforce social relations, and are spaces within which individuals actively construct their experiences with each other and with their environment. This paper focuses on plantation landscapes on the island of Martinique, where the significant role of the French sugar industry - made possible by slave labor - in the globalizing Atlantic world is still clearly visible. Plantation sites that have not been lost to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Aaron Howe. LouAnn Wurst.

Coalwood, a cordwood camp in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, provides an ideal setting to talk about internally related aspects of capitalist production from the vantage points of land, lumber, and labor.  The cordwood produced at Coalwood from 1900-1912 was used to fuel pig iron furnaces owned by the Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company. Comparison of company reports, censuses, and local historical information suggest a dramatic change in the organization of production at Coalwood that coincides with the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ruth Young.

The high, mud brick walls enclosing whole villages owned entirely by wealthy landlords are common sites across Iran. Now largely abandoned but with occupation still within living memory, these villages offer the opportunity to explore use of space and analyses of material remains in relation to status, economic function, and individual and group identity. Analyses the walled landlord villages of the Tehran Plain have been carried out in order to explore hierarchy and control, and how these...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Geri J Knight-Iske. Paul Kreisa. Nancy L. Powell.

St. Elizabeths Hospital was championed by Dorthea Dix as a model hospital for the treatment of the mentally ill. One of the tenants of the moral treatment philosophy, the guiding principle of the initial 40 years of hospital operations, was that access to calm, natural or park-like settings was essential to patients’ recovery. However, as a former plantation and as a working farm through the 1880s, a tension emerged between principles and practicalities. GIS-based modelling and 10 years of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Suzanna M. Pratt.

The historic sugarcane industry transformed Caribbean societies, economies, and environments. This research explores the landscape legacies left by long-term sugarcane monoculture at Betty’s Hope Plantation on the eastern Caribbean island of Antigua, which was dedicated to sugarcane monoculture from the mid-1600s until independence in 1981. The study creates a simulation of crop yields using the USDA’s Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator, which is then evaluated using records of historical...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Benjamin P Ford.

Thomas Jefferson's Academical Village was built, operated and maintained on the labor of enslaved African Americans. The University of Virginia's unique built environment, the context of slavery within larger central Virginia, and the responsibilities of the white faculty and staff who supervised the operation of the educational institution created a context for slavery unlike other academic institutions. This paper will focus on the landscape of slavery in the nineteenth-century University of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Stance Hurst. Dallas C. Ward. Eileen Johnson.

Cattle ranching is an important part of the heritage of many former frontier regions, yet are informed primarily by a few first-hand accounts and biographies of successful ranches or famous cattlemen.  Examining the relationship between ranching-related material culture recovered archaeologically and the landscape is a first step towards constructing a landscape view of ranching heritage that is missing within the present literature.  Research at Macy Locality 16 (~1890-1920), located near a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John M. Kelly.

The Harrison Gray Otis House, owned and managed by Historic New England, was built in Boston’s West End in 1796, and is significant for being the only surviving free-standing, late eighteenth century mansion in the city. PAL recently completed excavations in the extant yard space for the Otis House and 14 and 16 Lynde Street, formerly the site of two circa 1840 townhouses. The feature complex uncovered during fieldwork illustrates the increasing complexity and fragmentation of the West End as it...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Linda M. Ziegenbein.

     People engage with place and space in profound and commonplace ways, deriving and creating meaning from the environment around them.  People and spaces are co-created: while people imbue the landscape with meaning, those same meanings come to shape the people themselves.  Basso (1996) refers this process as a sensing of place.         Archaeologists and other anthropologists have long recognized the central role the landscape plays in the processes of memory creation and retention as well...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jennifer A. Porter-Lupu.

From 1860-1915, brothels were prominantly loaced within Washington, DC’s urban landscape. This paper focuses on brothels in 1880s Washington, examining the spatial dynamics of the main brothel neighborhood, the Hooker’s Division. I argue that experiences of Hooker’s Division brothels were shaped by the space within the city that the neighborhood occupied, and simultaneously, Washington’s sex workers contested social norms thereby changing the symbolic implications and tangible reality of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Eve H Dewan.

In 1879, the first federally funded off-reservation boarding school for Native American children was opened at the site of a former army barracks in Pennsylvania. Several additional facilities were soon established throughout the United States. Guided by official policies of assimilation and goals of fundamentally transforming the identities of their pupils, these institutions enrolled thousands of individuals from a multitude of tribal communities, sometimes forcibly. Once at school, students...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Meredith P. Luze. Matthew Reeves. Terry Brock.

At James Madison’s Montpelier, the LEARN program (Locate, Excavate, Analyze, Reconstruct, and Network) provides visitors with an immersive, hands-on experience in the archaeological process. The week-long LEARN expedition programs for metal detecting, excavation, laboratory analysis, and log cabin reconstruction offer participants an in-depth view of how Montpelier examines, interprets, and preserves its archaeological heritage. This paper examines the efficacy of these programs in communicating...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ivor R. Mollema. Jennifer F McKinnon.

The Shipwrecks of the Roaring Forties Project was conceived to evaluate new ways of investigating the history of Europeans in the Indian Ocean and Western Australia. As a result, several of the formative maritime archaeology projects conducted on Australia’s early colonial shipwrecks were revisited to apply new techniques, such as digital modelling software, to the legacy data. This paper outlines using Rhinoceros 3D modelling software to generate a three-dimensional model of the American China...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kelsey Noack Myers.

As the 300th anniversary of the establishment of the French fort at Ouiatenon approaches, it is clear that narratives about the area remain focused on the fairly brief affiliation of the New French government with this fur trade site on the Wabash River. In contrast, the archaeological and documentary sources that detail daily life on this landscape speak to the overwhelmingly Native population and sense of place that existed prior to its abandonment in 1791. Several years of archaeological...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anna M. Munns.

It is generally acknowledged that there was a hierarchical structure to turn-of-the-century sex trade, with madams at the top and streetwalkers at the bottom. But what did this structure mean for the women who inhabited these roles? And how can we access all levels of the hierarchy? Police magistrate court dockets provide a valuable lens through which to analyze prostitution in Fargo, North Dakota during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Additionally, these documents speak to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Leslie B. Kirchler-Owen.

Public involvement is a critical aspect of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) evaluations, yet many times consultation with the public is treated as an afterthought. Achieving consensus and ensuring stakeholders are afforded the opportunity to provide meaningful input requires adequate time and resources. The lack of an effective program may create risk to achieving project goals. So, how does one engage the public? How can valuable input be solicited? Who are the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Adrian C. Praetzellis. Mary K Praetzellis.

Many Chinese immigrants spent much of their lives abroad, changing their attitudes toward the host country and picking up cultural competencies. Immigrants joining 1850s communities faced different circumstances than those arriving in the 1880s; and those who remained into the 1920s lived much differently than they would have earlier. Yee Ah Tye was born around 1820 in southern China. He came to California early in the Gold Rush, married, and was the father of many children. Before he died in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kenneth Cannon. Chris Merritt.

Between 1867 and 1904, hundreds of Chinese workers lived and labored along the railroad grade in deeply rural northwestern Utah. Small section houses served as the only reprieve from the toil of daily labore in the treeless and sun scorched landscapes of Box Elder County. Archaeological inventory spurred by a National Park Service Initiative is identifying sites previously unknown to scholars. These sites are shedding light on the life and experience of the 11-15 Chinese section crews in this...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jacob D Shidner.

In the summer of 2015, sediment samples were collected from the Storm Wreck, a colonial-era sailing vessel that wrecked off the coast of Florida, with the expectation of recovering microscopic remains that would provide insight into the lives of those aboard the vessel.  Sediment samples collected from the Emanuel Point wrecks, also located on the Florida coast, were previously analyzed. This material, which consisted of insect remains, animal bones, and botanical remains painted a picture of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Linda Bentz. Todd Braje.

Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, Chinese immigrants built the first commercial abalone fishery along the western edge of North America. These fishers harvested tons of abalone meat and shells from intertidal waters and shipped their products to markets in mainland China and America. Chinese abalone harvesting sites still are preserved on California’s Channel Islands, and over the last decade archaeologists have become increasingly interested in documenting the material record.  Using...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mary Elizabeth Ibarrola.

Bulow Plantation (8FL7) in Flagler County, Florida, occupied for only fourteen years, provides a narrow window into the life of enslaved African Americans living and working on an East Florida sugar plantation.  In the 2014 and 2015 field seasons, the University of Florida conducted excavations focusing on a single domestic slave cabin and the surrounding yard.  Results from these excavations will be presented with a particular focus on the life cycle of the cabin, from its construction in 1821...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Samuel A Pickard.

The Kensington/Fishtown and Port Richmond neighborhoods of Philadelphia were among the earliest areas in the city settled by Europeans. Though initially dominated by maritime trades, in the nineteenth century they developed into industrial districts centered on mills, shipyards, and the export of coal and grain. Much of Kensington and Port Richmond eventually became known as a tough working class areas with populace comprised mainly of Irish, German, and Polish immigrants, though the Fishtown...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Marc-André Bernier.

In September of 2014, the Prime Minister of Canada announced with great fanfare the discovery of one of the two lost ships of Sir John Franklin’s expedition that left England in 1845. The discovery in the Canadian Arctic of the ship eventually identified as HMS Erebus was the result of the most ambitious survey effort to locate Franklin’s vessels. Started in 2008, the search program, spearheaded by Parks Canada and the Government of Nunavut for underwater and terrestrial archaeology components...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman. Trica Oshant Hawkins. Stanley Bond.

The National Park Service-sponsored "Linking Hispanic Heritage Through Archaeology" (LHHTA) program was created in response to the NPS’s call to action to "fully represent our nation’s ethnically and culturally diverse communities".  The program, a collaboration between NPS, University of Arizona, and Environmental Education Exchange, connects Hispanic youth to their cultural history using regional archaeology as a bridge.  The LHHTA goals are to 1. increase awareness of National Parks within...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Andrew J Robinson.

The Gold Rush of the 19th century brought people, jobs, and money to the western US, creating the first major boom.  Since then, the US has advanced into other profitable avenues, in particular oil and natural gas. The 20th century saw the dramatic increase in the necessity for oil across the globe, which has led to a new boom, the "Liquid Gold Rush." As technology advanced, such as fracking, in the later part of the 20th and into the 21st Century, archaeology became entwined with oil and its...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Charlotte Goudge.

  Rum was an important social and economic catalyst during the 17th-20th centuries, impacting all strata of society from the lowest slaves to the highest echelons of British society. During the 18th and 19th centuries rum developed from a waste product into highly desirable merchandise that was used as a social lubrication to ease tension while buying and selling slaves. This paper will discuss the archaeological excavations undertaken at the Betty’s Hope rum distillery in Antigua, one of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lynsey A. Bates.

At the household level, analysis of material culture recovered from Caribbean plantation villages has revealed internal groups with differential access to resources. The dynamic economic systems that enslaved people developed necessarily depended on local expectations of labor and subsistence cultivation, as well as Atlantic shifts in commodity prices and political control. Expanding on household studies, I assess marketing strategies between plantation communities by tracing how imported goods...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sefryn Penrose.

Half of the world’s population now lives in cities. But the heritage of the city can be seen as redundant: a problem to be solved through the right planning mechanism. Urban heritage practice has barely changed for 25 years. It privileges buildings and public realm, tourism, economics. It presumes preservation of fabric. Familiar orthodoxies dominate: ‘urban grain’; ‘the right materials’. It’s western centric. Taste is policed: there is a homogeneity to ‘heritage’. But this has not been how we...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Shannon Mahoney. Mark Giambastiani.

In July 2015, ASM Affiliates Inc. (ASM) conducted an excavation of an 1860s mining camp at Logan City, Lincoln County, Nevada.  In 1864, Mormons, miners, and the military had moved into, what is now, Southeastern Nevada, in a quest for land, water, and silver.  Native Americans resisted these efforts and briefly expelled miners from Logan City; however, the miners returned and established a substantial camp surrounding Logan Spring. During an extensive survey in 2013 and 2014, ASM archaeologists...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert McQueen.

Mining districts are inherently violent places. Deaths, accidents, and injuries are topics that appear liberally in historic literature; period newspapers almost gleefully reported on deaths caused by accidents and foul play. Suicide, however, was a form of death often accompanied by stigma, and frequently reported with overtones of pity. Rarely does violence manifest itself in the archaeological record. This paper discusses the unexpected discovery of a Depression-era suicide in a central...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michelle D. Sivilich. Gary D. Ellis.

Gulf Archaeology Research Institute, a nonprofit scientific research organization, has a 20-year history of integrating biological and physical sciences to better understand and protect Florida’s vanishing natural and cultural resources. Population growth, development, and natural threats from sea level rise to climate change are all rapidly diminishing our cultural resources. Necessity has required innovative approaches to understand and protect historic landscapes. Partnering with the Seminole...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Linda Hylkema. Sara Peelo. Eric Wohlgemuth. Thomas Garlinghouse. Cristie Boone.

The Spanish Colonial mission complexes (churches, quadrangles, and outlying buildings and structures) brought about new order on native landscapes with the introduction of European urban planning. As a result, many researchers maintain that Old World plants and animals rapidly supplanted and displaced many types of native species, and they often define "wild" foods as supplemental to agricultural foods. Additionally, many scholars continue to support the notion that agriculture is an active...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hannah P. Smith. Thomas E. Beaman. Jr..

Excavations at colonial Brunswick and Civil War era Fort Anderson by Stanley South in the 1950s and 1960s were designed to make their shared footprint into a public historic park.  Historical data and the artifacts uncovered through his excavations formed the initial interpretations.  While this data was documented in field reports and select other venues, such as CHSA presentations in the 1960s and Method and Theory (1977), the publication of Archaeology at Colonial Brunswick (2010) largely...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Molly H Kerr. Esther White.

At his death in 1799, George Washington recorded 318 enslaved people at Mount Vernon.  This number does not reflect the numbers of individuals who worked the property during the entire tenure of the Washington family from 1735 – 1858, and it does not begin to address individuals enslaved on the numerous properties owned by Washington or the vast acreage he administered on behalf of the Custis family.  To better understand the lives of all those enslaved individuals, Mount Vernon’s digital...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Emma Verstraete.

Since its establishment in 1827, Lindenwood University has been a central location for educating young women.  Modern-day excavations of an historic campus trash dump have yielded a selection of glass bottles and bottle shards that can be identified for their cosmetic, medicinal, and educational applications for the girls who attended the university during the early twentieth century. Socio-economic information, such as the place of origin and price of the bottles’ contents, will contribute to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Calvin J Gillett.

Archaeologists have long bemoaned the effects looting has on archaeological sites, declaring that once a site has been looted it no longer holds the integrity necessary for study. This maybe too hasty of an assumption, under the right conditions, a great deal can be learned from a looted site.  Coalwood, a former lumber town in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula provides an optimal case study to evaluate the effects of looting. As the victim of heavy looting activity since the 1960’s and with a short...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Loren R Clark. Michael C. Murray.

As part of the Savannah Harbor Expansion Project, the Savannah district will construct a number of mitigation features to compensate for adverse environmental impacts. Panamerican Consultants conducted both terrestrial and submerged investigations within the Savannah River estuary. A large component of the overall project was a low water bankline survey of Steamboat Slough, as well as Middle and Little Back Rivers, which recorded a total of 116 sites. Associated with the rice plantation...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark Hoock.

It is not remarkable to say that the separation between city and country has become a normalized binary. For years, scholars have discussed how capitalism has framed urban and rural spaces, including desires to leave urban areas for some approximation of a sentimental bucolic paradise. However, investigating the rural and urban separation and "back to the land" movements within capitalism reveals other interesting social phenomena. Archaeological investigations of a vacation retreat owned by...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Johns W. Hopkins.

To celebrate the bicentennial of the War of 1812, Baltimore Heritage in 2014 undertook an archeology project to document the defensive works erected to repel the British invasion in what is today a well used public park, and to engage park users, school kids, and nearby residents about the history of the battlefield-turned-park. The neighborhoods surrounding the project site are dense and racially diverse: roughly a third each of African American, Hispanic, and Caucasion. The year-long...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth Bollwerk. Lynsey Bates. Leslie Cooper. Jillian Galle.

Since its inception in 2000, the Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery (DAACS) has been a digital resource undergoing iterative development and revision.  A digital archive containing data on 2 million artifacts from 70 archaeological sites, DAACS opens infinite possibilities for a variety of audiences who want to use evidence-based approaches to learn about enslaved societies in the Atlantic world.  Offering DAACS as a case study, this paper considers a major challenge...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Catherine M Cartwright.

This paper examines Alexandria Archaeology’s foray into broadcasting archaeological excavations and findings through videos and social media. When excavations began at a well discovered by chance in the basement of a private residence, city archaeologists took a social media approach to reach and educatate the public about a site otherwise be inaccessible to them. Video updates of the excavation posted online allowed followers to witness the process of archaeological discovery and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jessica Striebel MacLean.

At the close of the 18th century, a planter’s dwelling overlooking the Caribbean Sea on the northwest coast of Montserrat was destroyed by fire, and never reoccupied. Archaeological excavations yielded an intimate portrait of the domesticity of British Empire materialized in fragments of everyday life. Ownership of Little Bay Plantation transferred through three generations of unmarried male relations, one of who inhabited the dwelling at its burning. As a white Montserratian-born colonial, or...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jeremy Brunette. Matthew Douglass. Zachary Day.

In academic and compliance archaeologies alike, a standard first step in the development of project goals is the identification of a research question. This often happens at the time a project is first proposed and the methodological and theoretical perspectives that will guide the study are thus established long before actual research begins. Here we examine the role of research questions in CRM projects through a study at the Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Oklahoma. Despite early research...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erin P. Riggs.

This paper considers the many diverse functions and meanings of flora within the lives of two American immigrant families—the Birys, a family of Alsatian immigrants living in Castroville, Texas and the Domotos, a family of Japanese immigrants living in Oakland, California. Drawing evidence from the archaeological record, modern built landscapes, oral history interviews, and written histories, I demonstrate that plant life played a central role in these families’ struggles to create livable...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew C Greer.

When enslaved individuals fell ill, a plethora of cures were available from various sources.  For instance, a planter could have a local doctor treat an enslaved woman, or she could treat herself through the use of medicines she purchased or plants she gathered.  Whatever choice she made, however, did not occur in a vacuum.  Rather, the social connections and relationships that structured her daily life shaped the way in which she sought to heal herself.  So far, unfortunately, the interaction...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David Gadsby. Lindsey Cochran.

Historical archaeologists examine material culture dating to the industrial period, which spawned human-induced climate change. We are uniquely positioned to examine changes through the material record. Additionally archeologists have been making and recording observations about the condition of sites for many years. Archeologists in the National Park Service (NPS) have, in doing so, inadvertently left their own record of climate change effects. These observations are stored in NPS’s...

DOCUMENT Citation Only michael lucas. Kristin O'Connell. Susan Winchell-Sweeney.

Recent archaeological research is producing an ever expanding literature on the material conditions of slavery in the north, particularly as it existed in New York City and Long Island. As a result, archaeologists and historians now recognize that the built environment of slavery assumed many forms in the northeast, including plantations. Yet, a rigorous archaeological scholarship in the upper Hudson valley is lagging. Archaeologists at the New York State Museum began a project in 2015 entitled...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elaine Wyatt. John C Pollack.

There are few sites more remote or environments more hostile than the mostly abandoned diamond fields of the southern Namib Desert. This is the Sperrgebiet, declared the Forbidden Zone by the German colonial administration in 1908 and still forbidden to this day. It’s 26,000 km2 of industrial debris and a few sand-drenched settlements. Our goal was to produce a comprehensive map of the town of Pomona, abandoned in 1928, and nearby mining camp Stauch’s Lager in as little time in the field as...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael Jacobson. Nina Versaggi.

The inclusion of community is vital for the protection of historic sites.  However, issues related to present day property rights, economic development, and historic struggles can present obstacles for integrating communities into a preservation project. The Revolutionary War’s Sullivan-Clinton campaign involves a complex history centered on the violent conflict between Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), Delaware, and Continental forces.  Historic tensions between the Haudenosaunee and the American and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Harold Mytum.

Mariners could have their graves marked by inscribed memorials in the Irish Sea region from the late 18thcentury onwards, acting as both grave markers and foci for memory and commemorative practices. Some died on land, and so are interred in the grave, or at sea and their bodies have been lost, creating different issues regarding grieving and commemoration. Archaeology can examine how far this is materially represented in their memorials. Recent research in North America and England by David...