PaleoResearch Institute

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Darkmold Site, 5LP4991, represents Basketmaker II and Basketmaker III occupations in the Animal River Valley north of Durango, Colorado. A suite of ten sediment samples were submitted for pollen analysis. Eight of these samples were collected from features, three of which contained burials. The remaining two samples were collected from stratigraphic contexts for the purpose of providing environmental information and controls that would assist in the interpretation of the feature samples.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Phelps Dodge Dos Pobres/San Juan Data Recovery project includes numerous sites, sixteen of which were sampled for pollen. These sites are located on the lower slopes of the Gila Mountains. Most of the sites are arrayed in a northwest to southeast trending swath. The arrangement of the sites on the landscape implies an exploitation of a specific elevation range, or more specifically, a specific vegetation community associated with that elevation range. Pollen analysis identifies the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Thirty-three pollen samples from four sites on the Dove Creek Canal Reach III Project (sites SDLl12, 5DLl138, 5DL121B, and 5DLl120). Three sites represent Basketmaker III occupations, while the fourth is a late Basketmaker III/Pueblo I multi-component site. Samples were collected from floors, benches, and in association with groundstone to identify the subsistence base and address subsistence activities at these sites.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Twenty-three pollen samples, representing five archaeological sites in the Dove Mountain area, were examined. These sites are located in the upper bajada of the Tortolita Mountains that form the northern boundary of the Tucson Basin. Pollen samples were collected as composites from the floor of structures. One sample represents each structure. Examination of these samples was designed to provide information concerning plants that might have been processed in these structures.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48CR11356 is located west of the bank of Fillmore Creek and approximately 350 feet southwest of the earthen dike of Seaverson Reservoir. AMS Radiocarbon analysis on charcoal recovered from eight of the thermal features indicates multiple occupations spanning the Opal phase of the Archaic period (5690 ±30 years B.P. 4070 ±30 years B.P.), with more intensive use from approximately 5300–5200 years B.P. Soil samples representing Cultural Stratum II and the base of a feature beneath a piece...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Haul Road site (48SW11645), located on a north-facing slope of a low ridge overlooking Tenmile Draw, exhibits evidence of multiple occupations. The Opal Phase of the Early Archaic and the Uinta Phase of the Late Prehistoric are both represented at the site, although not necessarily in the pollen record. Slab-lined basins, which were sampled for pollen analysis, are common during the Opal Phase occupation. Pollen analysis examined these basins, located in both the South and North Blocks,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

The Julian Wash Site (AZ BB:13:17) is located at the I-10/I-19 interchange in Tucson, Arizona. Approximately 87 prehistoric pit structures or possible pit structures, as well as over 100 other pits of various types were noted ranging in age from the Early Agricultural period (3000 B.C. to A.D. 150) to the Tanque Verde phase (A.D. 1150 to 1300). A small historic component also was noted. Pollen analysis focused on examination of floor samples from pit structures in an effort to identify...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Site AZAA:12:736 (ASM) is located on the Santa Cruz River flood plain in the Tucson Basin. The research design lays out several questions that pollen analysis may address.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

The Mark Twain site (48SW13992) exhibits evidence of at least three occupation components. The oldest component includes three hearths, two of which were excavated into the regolith immediately above bedrock. Feature 3 yielded a radiocarbon age of 4410 ± 50 B.P. (2 Sigma 5280-5170 B.P., 5130 - 5100 B.P., and 5080 - 4860 B.P.). Features 3 and 4, both from this occupation, were sampled for pollen (Table 1). The middle occupation is represented by Feature 5, a basin-shaped hearth, that yielded...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Twenty-five pollen samples were examined from four sites along the Mesa Verde Aqueduct Project. These samples represent washes of groundstone and pottery, as well as a few samples from floor contact or feature fill. Pollen analysis was conducted on these pieces of groundstone and pottery to determine subsistence activities at these sites. Floor and feature fill samples were examined from 5MT10594 to provide additional information concerning subsistence activities within two pithouses and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Twenty-five pollen samples were submitted for analysis from the Moxa Housepit Site (48LN616). These samples represent three occupations. Occupation 1 contains several occupations that cannot be separated stratigraphically. Radiocarbon ages of 4430 ± 70 BP (Feature 5) and 4210 ± 70 BP (Feature 3) have been returned for Occupation 1. A previous date of 5790 ± 50 BP was available from Feature 4, noted in the upper portion of Occupation 1. A single radiocarbon age for Occupation 2 was obtained...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Twenty-six samples from the Towaoc Canal - Reach 1 Project (sites 5MT8899 and 5MT8934) were analyzed for pollen. These samples represent a variety of proveniences in pitstructures and surface structures. Samples collected from floors, hearths, storage features, and mealing bins may be used to identify the subsistence base and address subsistence activities at these sites.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Recovery of 165 samples for pollen analysis has been completed at 14 sites within the Hohokam northern periphery along the Agua Fria and New River drainages. Cultural resources in this area consist primarily of "small field house sites or farmsteads and associated agricultural systems" (Green 1986a:1). These sites date primarily within the Colonial, Sedentary, and Classic periods.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Mitigation of Virgin Anasazi habitation sites at Southgate involved pollen sampling a variety of contexts. Three sites were selected for pollen analysis out of the six Southgate localities tested. They include two relatively small sites (42Ws956 and 42Ws1340) that exhibit Late P-II occupations and one large, complex site (42Ws964) that was occupied from BM-III through Late P-II. Pollen samples represent surface structures, pit houses, mini pithouses, storage structures, a floor bin, and a...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three pollen samples collected at Wailua 15, along Kuamo’o Road in Wailua, Kaua’i were examined to provide vegetation information for the time periods represented. Two cores (1 and 2) are represented by these three samples.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen samples representing Prescott-Phase occupation of a semi-subterranean structure and a check dam at YAV 74, as well as the modern surface, were examined to provide information concerning plant use and processing by occupants of this site. Samples collected within the structure represent the floor, the floor beneath a mano, and a pit.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Single samples were submitted for pollen analysis from three archaeological sites in Cameron County, Texas. These three sites (41CF19, 41CF50, and 41CF100) are located in two clay dunes or lomas. These lomas were sampled to provide paleoenvironmental data that would contribute to understanding loma development.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two pollen samples were examined from a single large roasting pit/hearth at CA-ORA-672 to examine evidence for subsistence activities. The off-site column from nearby site CA-ORA-671 is used as a control.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Three pollen samples were collected for analysis from Natural Chimney Rock Shelter (SJC-1548). Prehistoric use of this site probably encompasses BM III to P I and possibly P II time periods. Three groundstone fragments were recorded at the site. Two prehistoric and one modern feature were also noted at the site. All appear to be firepits, as they contained varying quantities of charcoal and fire-reddened sandstone. The two prehistoric features were sampled for pollen, and a third sample...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

The Toltec to Prewitt Waterline Excavation project is located in the Red Mesa Valley near Prewitt, New Mexico. Four sites were examined, and all fall primarily within the cultural/temporal range of Late Pueblo II (AD 900 to 1100). Seven pollen samples were collected from these four sites in an effort to gather subsistence data.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Stratigraphic pollen analysis of sediments from three localities at 32WE89, a stone circle site in central North Dakota, focuses on reconstruction of vegetation during the past approximately 1000 years. Sediments in this area appear to represent valley wall slump dating to approximately AD 1000. Radiocarbon ages from the site place human occupation between approximately AD 1205-1290 and AD 1750-1800. A single pollen sample was collected from a rock pedestal in the stone circle to examine...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three pollen samples were examined from a Sambrito Phase pithouse located at Arboles Point in the San Juan Drainage Basin, Colorado. Samples were collected from the floor and two pits to identify foods processed and/or stored within the pithouse and to better understand subsistence at this site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Nine pollen samples were submitted for analysis from two sites in the Cyprus Mines Hansen Project area in Fremont County, Colorado. Five samples were taken from a floodplain campsite (5FN189) during trenching operations, and the remaining four samples were obtained from a rockshelter (5FN349). Information was sought concerning the vegetation at the time of the occupation of these two sites. Evidence of the specific economic use of plants at these two sites was also sought.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Nine pollen samples were submitted for analysis from two sites in the Cyprus Mines Hansen Project area in Fremont County, Colorado. Five samples were taken from a floodplain campsite (5FNI89) during trenching operations, and the remaining four samples were obtained from a rockshelter (5FN349). Information was sought concerning the vegetation at the time of the occupation of these two sites. Evidence of the specific economic use of plants at these two sites was also sought.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Trapper's Point site (48SU1006) exhibits evidence of three cultural levels. The lowest level is undated and predates the Early Archaic bone level, which represents an antelqpe-kill component dated between 6000 and 5700 BP. The upper level probably represents a Late Archaic occupation and included scattered fire-cracked rock and small bifacial reduction flakes. Pollen was examined from two stratigraphic columns at this site to examine evidence of prehistoric vegetation and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen columns and cultural features were examined from five archaeological sites in Drews Valley, Oregon. Radiocarbon ages from these sites place their occupation between Middle Holocene and recent. The single exception is the presence of Mazama ash at the La Sere Site (35LK2101), which indicates that the lowest sediments predate 6000 BP. Drews Valley is situated at the western edge of Goose Lake Basin, an internally draining sub-basin of the northern Great Basin. Stratigraphic samples were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Three samples from two stratigraphic columns near Hanging Lake in Glenwood Canyon were analyzed for their pollen content. Samples 3A and 3C were taken from the same column and represent depths of 45-47 cm and 61-63 cm below the present ground surface respectively. No provenience information was available for sample 4.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

The Adena estate is situated in the uplands above the Scioto River Valley. The estate includes the main house, a wash house, smoke house, spring house, bank barn, overseer's house, the formal gardens, and a vegetable garden. Mixed deciduous hardwood forest borders the estate on the north and west sides, while grass pastures are noted to the east and south. Mr. Thomas Worthington, Ohio's first state senator, built the main house between 1802 and 1807. Formal gardens were constructed in 1814,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen analysis at six sites represents part of the archaeological work on the Ramah Michael's, Land Exchange (the Clo-Chen-Toh Project). This joint venture between the University of New Mexico, New Mexico State University, and the Cibola National Forest has provided pollen samples from several years excavations, ranging from 1983 through 1989. A previous study (Scott 1984) and this one have been combined to discuss the pollen record at these sites. Pollen samples represent the present ground...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Twelve sites excavated during the 1979 and 1980 field seasons in the Pinon Forest-Lake Region in northern Arizona were selected for pollen analysis. These sites were located on ridges near Oraibi Valley to the east of Black Mesa and span occupation periods from AD 600 to AD 1225.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Six stratigraphic pollen samples were examined from a continuous core recovered from the upper Maunawili Valley. The location cored is situated just upstream from a stone-faced retaining wall thought to contain a series of alluvial deposits dating to pre-contact. Pollen analysis was undertaken to define the vegetation in this area during the prehistoric period.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Eight pollen samples were examined from backhoe trenches located in Laie, Oahu. Pollen analysis was conducted in conjunction with archaeological excavations. This analysis was undertaken to establish a record of general prehistoric vegetation that may have been related to agriculture and/or habitation in this area.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Twelve pollen samples were selected for analysis from several areas within 42Ka1969, a two component site located in south central Utah. All of the pollen samples were taken from the later component, which was radiocarbon dated to A.D. 980 and A.D. 1150 (both dates MASCA corrected). Five samples were selected for analysis from the pithouse: two from the floor to the northwest and to the southeast of the hearth (15-7 and 15-9), and three from cists (15-11, 15-12, and 15-14). Outside the pithouse,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Seven pollen samples were examined from the modern surface, a prehistoric control, and five features dating approximately 7000 BP, Site 48AB1. the China Wall site, is located at the western end of Sybille Canyon in the Laramie Range in southeastern Wyoming. Pollen analysis was conducted to identify economic activities.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

A late prehistoric campsite (48SW2302) in western Sweetwater County, Wyoming, was sampled for pollen during 1980 and 1981 archaeological investigations. Radiocarbon dates from this site indicate that it was occupied near 1345 BP. The site is located in a stabilized sand dune at an elevation of 1935 meters (6350 feet) near an intermittent unnamed drainage. Black's Fork River flows approximately 4 km north, northeast of the site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Ten pollen samples were selected for analysis from 48UT375, a large multi-component campsite encountered along the Mapco Pipeline in the northeastern portion of Uintah County in southwestern Wyoming. The site contains evidence of at least four occupations which span the period from 5690 +/- 100 years BP to historic times. This site is located in a semistabilized sand dune at an elevation of 6480 feet, near an intermittent drainage in the Green River Basln. The major drainage of this area...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Site 5RB1463 is located on a terrace overlooking Little Bull Draw at an elevation of 6200 feet in a pinon/juniper community. Four pollen samples were taken at this site in an effort to define the paleoenvironment and possibly also obtain subsistence data. Radiocarbon dates ranging from 940 + 50 BP to 2000 + 60 BP were returned for two features, indicating both Fremont and Late Archaic occupation of this site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Site 5RB 1872 is a Late Archaic site located near the head of Coal Draw, an intermittent drainage which flows into East Douglas Creek less than a mile upstream from the confluence of East and West Douglas Creeks. Monitoring of bulldozer activity revealed eight identifiable strata of alluvium and five lenses of charcoal and ash. A single Late Archaic projectile point base and a quartzite sandstone flake made up the artifact assemblage. A well constructed fire hearth was noted in the lowest...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single sample was collected from an L-shaped rock wall interpreted as an agricultural enclosure at Wahikuli Ahupua’a, Lahâina District, Maui Island. Pollen analysis was conducted to search for evidence of local vegetation and/or crops that would have grown here.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two samples were collected from a possible berm or edge of a berm between fishponds located on a previous floodplain at Fort DeRussy. Cultivation of wetland taro is a possibility prior to construction of the fishponds. Pollen analysis was undertaken to search for evidence that taro was grown in this area.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single burned metate fragment, recovered from Hearth #4 at 48SU1016, was submitted for pollen analysis of a wash of the surface. This site remains undated at this writing, although a radiocarbon sample was submitted from this hearth. Feature #4 is a deep basin, partially lined with large, oxidized sandstone slabs, that yielded 34 gallons of fill. It is part of a large prehistoric site located along a ridge in the western portion of the Green River Basin.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Six pollen samples were examined from two trenches at AZ T:4:35(ASM), New River Community Park. This large Hohokam site contains evidence of check dams and possible linear borders. Pollen analysis concentrated on identifying the presence of any cultigens associated with Check Dam 3 and Linear Border 3.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single cobble or biscuit mano associated with Feature 2 of LA 48964 was washed for pollen. Pollen analysis examines evidence for utilization of this tool.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Approximately one-third of the floor of an historic Chumash house was excavated on f1escalitan Island (CA-SBa-46). The floor was sampled for pollen along a 25 cm grid. The floor was clay, while the surrounding floor matrix was sand, so analysis of floor sediments that contained pollen and other debris that had been impressed into the surface was undertaken to identify evidence of subsistence and plant processing activities in the structure.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Forty-eight pollen samples were examined from a stratigraphic core collected from the fill of a broad sink hole that appeared to be somewhat mature on the Ft. Campbell property in southwest Kentucky. This core was collected because fill in the sink hole was believed to represent the entire Holocene. The base of the core appears to be bedrock. Pollen samples were examined at varying intervals, depending on stratigraphy in the core, to provide a stratigraphic record of vegetation throughout...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single groundstone tool from 38LX50 was washed and examined for pollen in an effort to identify foods processed using this tool. This Archaic Site appears to represent occupation approximately 6,000-8,000 BC.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three pollen samples were examined to interpret the subsistence record from a hearth at 5LP2679. The site is a probable late hunting-gathering temporary camp occupied between AD 1380 and 1850.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Four pollen samples were taken in connection with the archaeological monitoring of a well pad on Black Mesa in San Juan County, Utah. The site (42SA 10685) was located at an elevation of 5560 feet and consisted of a hearth and a shallow basin metate. Three of these samples represent the stratigraphic sampling of the hearth, while the fourth was taken from the present ground surface.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A soil sample from Site 44FX736, a historical plantation in Lorton, Virginia, was submitted for pollen analysis. The soil was collected from a terraced garden constructed c. 1784 and maintained until c. 1820 (Paul Inashima, personal communication, June 24, 2011). Pollen analysis was undertaken in an effort to identify the garden plantings.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A cremation vessel recovered from a Hohokam site near the Rillito River in the western Tucson Basin was analyzed for pollen. Two samples were examined: a wash from the vessel interior and a soil sample collected from the vessel fill. Pollen analysis was undertaken to provide information concerning the contents of this vessel.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two pollen samples were examined from fill inside the skull and at the bottom of a bell-shaped burial pit at 5LP2509. The pit appears to have been fired at some time prior to interment, suggesting the possibility of reuse of the pit. The burial was located adjacent to an aceramic lithic scatter that may represent occupation during either the Late Archaic (including Basketmaker II) , or possibly post-Anasazi periods. Pollen analysis was undertaken to examine the burial for any evidence of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Fifteen pollen samples were collected from a kiva floor at Gran Quivera. This site is located in central New Mexico in the Upper Sonoran Life Zone. It was occupied between AD 8OO and AD 1775. The kiva, which was sampled for pollen, has building date of AD 1510. The kiva was occupied during Glaze D. This pollen analysis follows previous work at this site (Scott 1987), that examined stratigraphic midden deposits. The pollen samples were collected from the floor of the kiva in an effort to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Ten pollen samples and one sample containing small, black items that appeared in the field to be charred, were submitted to Paleo Research for Analysis. Pollen samples were recovered from strata in a large, natural sinkhole on the Kagman Peninsula on the east side of Saipan. Questions asked of the pollen record include: 1) determine the preservation of pollen, 2) characterize the "early vegetation", 3) identify any significant changes in vegetation composition through time, and 4) note and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single mano recovered from excavation of a burial during June, 1992, at the Yarmony Pithouse site in Eagle County, Colorado was examined for pollen. This mano was recovered just north of the skull in a burial. Pollen analysis was conducted to determine what, if any, plants were ground using this mano.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A broken metate recovered grinding surface-side down at CA-Riv-150, located in the city of La Quinta, California, was washed to recover pollen evidence of food ground using this metate. In addition, control samples were examined from the soil beneath the metate and one collected approximately 50 centimeters to the east. The purpose of this analysis was to identify any foods that may have been ground using the metate.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two pieces of a single slab metate were noted on the surface at 39SH68. A pollen wash was examined from this artifact in specific search for evi dence of processing cultigens, such as maize (Zea mays),

DOCUMENT Full-Text Thomas E. Moutoux. Linda Scott Cummings.

A red quartzite metate with a single grinding facet was recovered from a ridge top in Moffat County, Colorado. The ground surface of the metate was found face down, and although the metate was recovered from the present day ground surface, it is believed to be in situ. The circumstances of recovery lead to exploratory pollen and starch analysis in an attempt to provide information regarding the utilization of the artifact.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single piece of groundstone was recovered from CA-SNI-351 and examined for its pollen and starch content. Occupation at this site occurred between 600 and 6800 BP, according to reports of calibrated radiocarbon dates (Martz, personal communication, July 29, 1993) . The groundstone was examined to obtain information concerning food processing activities. Since San Nicolas Island was occupied by hunters and gatherers at the time of European contact, it is likely they represented...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen samples were collected from the floor and several strata of fill from a pit structure at LA 3408 in Rio Arriba County. This structure apparently burned during or after occupation and exhibits several strata above the floor, including roof fall, midden accumulations on top of the roof fall, and upper fill. Pollen analysis addresses pollen recovered from the floor that might indicate economic or other activity within this structure. It also addresses the accumulation of pollen...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Six pollen samples were examined from Site 42SA22449 (Bret's Pithouse) to identify foods processed or used in the pithouse. Bret's Pithouse is a burned Basketmaker III pithouse with a main chamber and antechamber. Samples were collected from the floor, from the base of a sub-floor basin, from the bottom fill of a Chapin Gray vessel, and from the wash of several of the sherds of the broken Chapin Gray vessel.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The floor of a structure at a Basketmaker III site (26CK4891) along the Virgin River was sampled for pollen to identify both local vegetation at the time of occupation and plants that might have been processed in the structure.

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney. Linda Scott Cummings.

One subsurface feature described as a "charcoaly" layer located beneath layers of burned cobbles was discovered during blading within a small tributary canyon at Big Sky Ranch near Simi Valley, California. The feature does not appear to be associated with known archaeological sites in the area. One sample from the feature was examined for pollen to provide a description of local and regional vegetation that could be interpreted to describe environmental conditions and potential economic...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

A single pollen sample was collected from a roasting pit at AR-03-12- 06-1587. This was the only feature present at the small prehistoric artifact scatter. Located on a colluvial slope, the feature was been severely eroded.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

A single sample collected from soil known as Feature 2 or stratum F on Lot 4, Block 39 in Skagway was submitted for pollen and phytolith analysis. A house stood on this lot between approximately 1918 and 1936, then was demolished. Pollen and phytolith analyses were undertaken in an attempt to identify the soil’s origins.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

One sediment sample from a 50 mm diameter core sample taken from the Sibley Site 1, Squaw Bay, Ontario, was collected and submitted for pollen analysis. The core exhibited rhythmic clay with visible dark and light bands. A portion of the core was AMS radiocarbon dated, producing an age of 13,800 ± 60 14C BP (Fred Dean, personal communication, September 6, 2018). The sample was submitted to identify the local vegetation around Lake Superior during the late Pleistocene.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A sediment core and three bulk samples collected from beneath the Gold Wreck at the Douglas Beach Site in 1978 represent prehistoric sediments beneath later Spanish material. The core was collected approximately one meter below the existing beach sand in approximately 12-15 feet of water. Three bulk samples were collected for analysis above the core. A dark, organic layer was included in the core, which may represent a backwater lagoon. The present backwater lagoon is located behind a...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single soil sample was collected from a test unit at the Skull Site 1 in Weathermen Draw, south-central Montana. Weathermen Draw, owned by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, is characterized by numerous deep canyons extending from a central ridge and plateau. Pollen analysis was conducted on this sample to establish a record of vegetation associated with the bison skull for which this site was named.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 44FX113 is located in Fairfax County, Virginia on the upland portion of the Coastal Plain Province. Within the site is an isolated planting bed. Although the site is historic, there are no records indicating the use of an isolated planting bed as a flower garden, kitchen garden, or a combination of the two. A sediment sample was taken from the planting bed situated in Feature 17-5 in Unit S98W25 approximately 1.25 feet beneath the modern ground surface and within 100 feet of a domestic...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Fill from a small diameter, cylindrical hearth/oven was examined for pollen and starches. This hearth probably dates between AD 600-AD 950 and is located on Horse Creek.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single metate recovered from AZ E:12:ll, near Lukachukai, Arizona was washed for pollen. Pollen analysis was designed to address use of this metate for food processing,

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single pollen sample collected from a pit (Feature 1) at AZ BB:6:50 (ASM), was analyzed for pollen. The site is located at an elevation of approximately 4000 feet on a bajada between Oracle and San Manuel to the northeast of Tucson. The area is heavily dissected. Pollen analysis was undertaken in an effort to define activities in the pit.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single small potsherd from 5EP935 was washed for pollen to attempt to determine if vegetal foods were processed in this vessel.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single pollen sample from 24JT296, an open air, Late Prehistoric bison kill/processing site, was examined to provide information concerning local vegetation. A radiocarbon age of 450 BP was returned for this site, which is situated on the first terrace adjoining Surprise Creek.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single pollen sample was collected in matrix above and adjacent to a cluster of burned rocks. The canpsite at 41TV435 is of undetermined age, and the pollen sample may or may not be associated with the cluster of burned rocks. Pollen analysis was undertaken to identify any pollen recovered from this soil sample and assess pollen preservation.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

A single pollen sample was collected from the base of a roasting pit, which was thought to be prehistoric at the time of excavation. The Hemenway Expedition field camp was noted to be located in the general vicinity of this site. Severe historic and modern disturbances were also noted to this area, including agricultural cultivation and plowing since the late 1800s. The pollen sample was collected and analyzed in an effort to provide subsistence data concerning use of the roasting pit.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single sample was collected from the playa, which is related to Feature 15, which yielded Zea mays pollen from FB 6720, on the Fort Bliss Military Reservation of southern New Mexico. This sample was collected from an area described asa playa today that is considered to have been a possible location for an agricultural field.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Hammond Draw Cave (5RB4254) is a rock shelter located east of the town of Rangely in northwestern Colorado. A single soil sample, collected from floor deposits within this small rock shelter was submitted for pollen analysis. A charcoal sample from this same area and level returned a radiocarbon date of 1280 ± 60 BP.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

A single sediment sample associated with the National City Mastodon in California was submitted for pollen analysis to examine feasibility of recovering and identifying pollen from these deposits.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single pollen sample was collected at a depth between 1.6 and 1.8 m below the surface in an industrial area of Honolulu at the Makoloa Electrical substation on Makaloa Street. Pollen analysis was undertaken to provide information as to whether this area had functioned as a fishpond and whether or not it contained pollen from European-introduced plants.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Eight pollen samples were collected from a sinkhole 2 m in diameter and 2 m deep at site #50-Oa-B6-2BO. At the time of occupation, during historic times, this area of the Ewa Plain was used as a seasonal fishing/habitation area. Small vegetable gardens were planted where possible on the bedrock or in shallow sinkholes. The pollen samples were collected stratigraphically from the sinkhole in an effort to obtain information concerning the vegetation in this area, and identify any evidence...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Fill from a slab-lined hearth at 48LN3701, a site exhibiting primarily lithic debris, was examined for pollen. This hearth yielded a radiocarbon age of 5220 +/- 80 BP. Pollen analysis was conducted in an effort to recover evidence of food processing activities associated with this hearth.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

A single slab-lined feature was excavated at 5ME5962 and sampled for pollen. Analysis of this sample was undertaken in an attempt to identify subsistence activities associated with the use of this feature.

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney.

Site 48SW13156 is a buried, open camp site, containing numerous features and stains dating to between 9430±40 and 8150±40 RCYBP. All of the features were noted in the lower portion of stratum A or the upper portion of stratum E. Two modern samples, collected from different modern vegetation communities, were analyzed as controls for the site. Eleven stratigraphic samples collected at ten centimeter intervals from a buried A horizon that overlaid the cultural A stratum 90wn through stratum K...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Four samples were collected from a former marsh or wetlands associated with Aua Village. This analysis was undertaken to provide information concerning plants growing in this wetland area.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Two samples were examined from a Woodland site (15GD44) in Garrard County, Kentucky. These samples represent a midden and the overlying disturbed horizon. The midden was examined in an effort to identify plant remains discarded by Woodland occupants of this site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

For pollen samples were collected from A-horizons at Carter 39 FA1603 in South Dakota. Analysis was directed at identifying prehistoric vegetation at the time these A-horizons accumulated.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen analysis of four adobe blocks from Pio Pico's El Ranchito was designed to place these adobe bricks in their proper historical perspective. Three of the adobe bricks were from areas of the site with known building episodes. The fourth brick was from an adobe that was part of a wall that was not securely dated. Pollen analysis was undertaken in an effort to compare the pollen records of these individual bricks and assign a date for the fourth date based on its similarity to one of the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Pollen samples were collected in conjunction with the archaeological survey of an historic settlement on the edge of West Loch in the flood plain of the Honouliuli Stream. Pollen samples were collected from trenches through areas that displayed probable fishpond or pond field sediments. These locations have been identified with the assistance of both historic information and examination of the sediments. Pollen analysis was oriented toward the recovery of pollen types that would indicate...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen samples were examined from ten features representing four out of five blocks noted for this project. Pollen analysis was undertaken to answer numerous questions about these features.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Five pollen samples were examined from paleo-agricultural sediments associated with Trench 5A, and from a widespread volcanic ash episode during the Pleistocene that underlies these sediments. Pollen analysis was undertaken to identify agricultural crops grown in this area.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen samples were collected from agricultural terrace complexes during the course of archaeological mitigation at Maunawili, Kailua, O'ahu. Stratigraphic pollen samples were collected from cultural and basal sediments along the terraces. Emphasis during pollen analysis was upon recovery of pollen representing edible plants, which may have been grown on the terraces. Basal samples were collected to provide paleoenvironmental information.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Site AR 03-10-08-422 is an Archaic campsite located on a forested slope in Water Canyon, Los Alamos County, New Mexico. The site is situated on a southeast-facing slope at an elevation of about 8450 feet above sea level and displays elements of both the Transition and Canadian vegetation zones (Friedlander and Pinyan 1980). Weber (1976) assigns plants at this altitude to the Upper Montane and Lower Subalpine zones. A steep slope rises sharply from the northern edge of the site, and the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single sample from a gleyed, organic-rich sandy layer within deposits identified as representing a brackish estuary for the Maunalua 2 Project was examined for pollen in an effort to confirm that this area was used as a fish pond. In addition, pollen analysis has the potential to identify some of the local plants growing at the time this area was used.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two buried strata, which bracket a buried hearth yielding a radiocarbon age of 4780 BP, were examined for pollen to determine past vegetation on the local alluvial plain before and after this date. A soil sample from the base of a modern arroyo, which was associated with a humate date of 2950 B.P., was also examined to provide paleoenvironmental date. In addition, hearth fill from a feature dated to 6925 BP was examined to provide evidence of subsistence activities. Charcoal samples from...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Eleven pollen samples were selected for analysis from burned rock clusters/piles at three archaeological sites on the TRW Project near Siphon Draw in central Arizona. These burned rock clusters/piles might represent fire-cracked rock removed from roasting pits. The sites also exhibited scatters of ceramic and lithic artifacts. The focus of research on the TRW Project was to obtain comparable data to that collected on the Salt-Gila Aqueduct Project, where roasting pits were also examined.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site CA-SER-1913 is located on the northern side of the western San Bernardino Mountains adjacent to the Mojave River at an elevation of 3,130 ft. Palynological investigation concentrated onrecovery ofdata to identify elements of the local and regional native vegetation prior to occupation and during occupation. The occupation is represented by midden samples.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen samples were examined from two separate field seasons: 1993 and 2000. The first pollen study was undertaken to evaluate the potential for pollen recovery from a variety of proveniences such as abandoned agricultural fields, tecoates and travertine, as well as different types of soil horizons. Evidence of agriculture and accompanying agricultural weeds was sought in the agricultural samples. Recovery and identification of pollen was attempted and evaluated for samples from the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Several ceramic vessel sherds were washed to recover pollen and starch granules to identify the contents of this vessel. A single soil sample was examined as control to assist in interpreting the pollen record from the vessel. The vessel was recovered from the latter part of the Early Woodland period.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Gerald K. Kelso.

Pollen analysis in historical archaeology is usually focused on the nature of occupation-period groundcover and the land-use practices of site inhabitants. Palynology has also proven valuable in other kinds of historical studies. In an investigation of 19th-and early 20th-century structures in Tucson, Arizona, O'Rourke (1983) demonstrated that the pollen spectra of adobe bricks used the portions of a building that were constructed at separate times differ significantly from each other and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Seven pollen samples collected from four separate cores at the Kamo’omaika’i fish pond in the Hanalei Ahupua’a of the Halele’a district in Kaua’i were examined (Table 1). The historic use of the area as a fishpond and also for rice agriculture is documented in the historic record. The use of this area prior to 1816, when it was described as a fish pond, is explored through this pollen analysis.