PaleoResearch Institute

DOCUMENT Full-Text Chad Yost.

Site 36MG0443, situated on an upland hilltop in a plowed field in central Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, is comprised of a shallow basin containing approximately 300 jasper flakes. Of the features present at the site, Feature 3 yielded radiocarbon dates of approximately 600 and 700 BC and was occupied during the Early Woodland period. Three lithic samples from Feature 3 were submitted for starch, phytolith, and protein analysis. The goal of the analysis was to identify use of these lithic...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

An unwashed ceramic bowl and grinding stone were submitted for starch grain and phytolith analysis from the Hovey Lake Site (12PO10), Posey County, in southwestern Indiana. These items were recovered from the floor of a burned house. The houses at the site are semisubterranean structures of wattle and daub construction. Roofs were made of grass thatch, and river cane was used for wattle, as well as making mats. The Hovey Lake village site is located at the confluence of the Wabash River and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

A total of five ground stones and one pestle were submitted for pollen, starch, protein residue, and organic residue (FTIR) analysis from site CA-MRP-305/H, located in the Yosemite Valley, and within the boundaries Yosemite National Park. This site is a milling station with contiguous deposits of pestles, handstones, and obsidian flakes. Archaeobotanical and organic residue analysis of these tools will provide information useful to the interpretation of ground stone tool function and subsistence...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Lithic tools, groundstone, fire-cracked rock, charcoal, and sediment samples from sites 42JB1732, 42JB1739, 42JB1749, 42JB1760, 42JB1764, and Keg Mountain Ranch, in the Old River Bed Valley, western Utah, were submitted for starch, protein residue, organic residue, and macrofloral analyses, as well as charcoal identification and AMS radiocarbon dating. The samples were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A basalt chopper from Clovis site 42TO3794,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost.

Thirty-six samples, consisting of feature fill, groundstone, fire-cracked rock, and soil controls, from 48SW16971, a multi-component site located southwest of Wamsutter, Wyoming were submitted for starch, protein, and organic residue analysis. Samples were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Site 48SW16971 is comprised of Transitional Archaic and Formative components that have been identified through radiocarbon dating of unspecified charred...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. Melissa K. Logan.

Site 5MF3006, located in Moffat County, yielded numerous manos and metates, indicating that grinding starchy food was important to the occupants of this site. Sampling focus was on groundstone and control samples related to these groundstone. Analyses selected for identifying food processing include starch, protein residue, and FTIR.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost.

Samples representing shaped clay, basket impressed clay, and flaked lithics from site CA-SAC-15/H in Sacramento County, California were submitted for starch, protein, and organic residue analysis. Samples will be tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jaime Dexter.

Four steatite fragments were collected from site 40BT90 in Blount County, Tennessee, for the purpose of phytolith, pollen, and starch analysis. The four steatite sherds were washed to recover phytoliths, pollen and/or starches that would aid in identifying foods cooked using the steatite vessels.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Stratigraphic pollen samples were selected for analysis from the Kaneohe Marine Corp Air Station on the Mokapu peninsula on Oahu at the edge of Kaneohe Bay. In addition, three bags of sediment were examined for macrofloral remains. Pollen and macrofloral remains were examined to identify prehistoric vegetation in this area in conjunction with archaeological investigations.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Pataraya-Ayacucho Archaeological Project excavated three areas during the 2007 field season. The domestic site of Pataraya, which is the main focus of the project, was sampled stratigraphically (column 1). An ancient agricultural terrace near the domestic site was sampled in column 2. Finally, Locus B, which includes an agricultural terrace located a significant distance upvalley from Pataraya, is represented in column 3. Only columns 2 and 3, representing agricultural terraces denoted...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney. Chad Yost. Kathryn Puseman. Barbara Winsborough. James Chatters.

Two cores were collected from Camp Pendleton for the purpose of paleoenvironmental analysis of the sentiments during the month of February, 2011. R. A. Varney was present during field collection of the cores and able to make observations and assessments of the local environment. Upon receipt of these two cores, which were collected in the field with a truckmounted hydraulic corer, we proceeded to lay out all of the individual sections or drives of the cores for description and sampling....

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Phytolith samples were examined from three columns at 35-JE-51B to establish a pattern of expected phytolith recovery from non-feature areas and to examine any changes in vegetation in pre-Mazama and post-Mazama times through the phytolith record. Strata examined represent a paleosol probably representing a lengthy period of formation prior to the Mount Mazama eruption and two columns comprised of post-Mazama deposition. One sample from each of these columns appears to have been associated...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Fourteen stratigraphic samples were examined for phytoliths from Gattling Creek Bog to assist in defining past vegetation of this bog. The pollen record suffered from poor preservation, so only four pollen samples were selected for preliminary examination. A radiocarbon age collected near the base of the core provides a basal date of 5910 radiocarbon years BP.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Sixteen pollen samples were examined from a core taken at the Blackfoot Cave site, 5DA2358, in southeast Douglas County, Colorado. This rock shelter is unusual in that it has a permanent spring flowing from it, making it a very desirable location for extensive prehistoric and historic use. In 1859, the first house was built at the site. Artifacts attest to Archaic through Historic occupations. The core was taken from a small wetland area in the catch basin of the spring below the cave and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Thomas E. Moutoux. Laura Ruggiero.

Site 48CA1366 is located along the Belle Fourche River in northeastern Wyoming. Pollen samples collected from two stratigraphic columns at 48CA1366 were examined to provide information concerning vegetation and paleoenvironmental conditions. Column 1 represents fluvial sediments on a suspected Middle Missouri-aged terrace along the Belle Fourche River. Samples were examined at 5 cm intervals to provide a complete paleoenvironmental record. Column 2 represents the upper and oldest river...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Stratigraphic pollen analysis and macrophysical modeling were undertaken for site 33AD56 to provide a record of potential climate and actual vegetation during the Early, Middle, and Late Archaic time periods represented. In addition, single pollen samples were examined from occupational contexts at 33AD121 and 33AD124 in an effort to find evidence of food processing.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Six stratigraphic samples from a soil profile at 24BH2521 were examined for pollen. This soil profile exhibits two occupational components, the upper representing a Besant ocxxipation near AD 200, and the lower representing a Powers-Ycnkee occupation around 900 BC. Occupation in southeastern Montana follows a predictable pattern. Prior to AD 100 occupation is infrequent, increasing in frequency between AD 100 arri AD 700. Occupation then declines between AD 750 andAD 1100, ceasing for...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Pollen samples were collected from a stratigraphic column at 24RB1164 in the Pine Breaks region of southeastern Montana to provide data for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Two distinct cultural levels were noted representing the Late Archaic and McKean complex. A radiocarbon age of 2570 BP is associated with the Late Archaic occupation, while an age of 3310 ± 90 BP is associated with the McKean occupation.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen samples were analyzed from two sites in Dunn and Grand Forks County, North Dakota, to identify paleoenvironmental conditions. Site 32DU179, located a few miles north of the Little Missouri River in the southwest corner of the Fort Berthold Reservation, was sampled stratigraphically for pollen. The soil strata were relatively thin at this site, so a single pollen sample was collected from each stratum. The stratigraphic record is incomplete, however, as the contacts between...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Site 45KI703 is located just south of Seattle. Situated on the alluvial floodplain within 30 m of the Duwamish River, this site was formerly a vegetable garden. Stratigraphic deposits represent three stratigraphically discrete occupations, each exhibiting concentrations of charcoal and/or oxidized sediments. Radiocarbon ages reported for the two lower occupations are 650-500 cal BP and 940-760 cal BP. Pollen analysis was conducted on sediment samples collected at 10 cm intervals throughout...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Sites 48CK1409, 48CK1416, and 48CK1417 were examined as part of the Wyoming Department of Transportation Hulett-Aladdin Road Project in Cook County, Wyoming. Pollen samples were collected stratigraphically from sites 48CK1409 and 48CK1416 to provide a pollen record of past vegetation and an assessment of paleoenvironmental conditions. A partially lined basin (Feature 6) from site 48CK1409 and a large mano from 48CK1417 were examined for pollen to provide subsistence data.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three pollen samples were collected stratigraphically from 48LN797 near Kemmerer, Wyoming. Pollen analysis addresses evidence for past vegetation, and hence paleoenvironmental conditions at this site. The strata are discontinuous, with evidence of erosion between each stratum.

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney.

Site 5LA5838 is a circular feature situated on a terrace above the Rio de las Animas Perdidas en Purgatario (Purgatory River). Onsite vegetation includes grasses, cholla and prickly pear cactus and sparse junipers. Riparian vegetation nearby includes willow and cottonwood. Seven stratigraphic pollen samples were analyzed for potential economic uses of plants at the site and to discern changes in the plant community in the area. One radiocarbon date at the site, 950±40 RCYBP, was reported...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Twelve samples were collected stratigraphically at 10 cm intervals from sediments at 5LA6001. A human burial was recovered from this site and yielded a radiocarbon age of 820 + 130 BP. Pollen was also collected from fill in the burial pit for analysis. Pollen analysis of these samples provides an examination of past vegetation and paleoenvironmental conditions from prior to the time of burial to the present.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48SW8594 was a buried site that contained evidence of two hearths. One hearth (Feature 2) yielded a radiocarbon age of 6940 ± 80 BP, indicating occupation during the Archaic. Both features were examined for pollen to provide evidence of food processing activities. In addition, a stratigraphic pollen column was sampled to provide evidence of past vegetation in the vicinity of this site prior to occupation, as well as during and after occupation. This stratigraphic column also serves to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

INTRODUCTION Stratigraphic pollen samples were examined from three columns across the site. Midden deposits are represented in some of the lower sairples, while upper samples represent recent cxanstruction overburden. This site is located on the northern side of the western San Bernardino Mountains at an elevation over 3000 feet. This site is situated on a terrace adjacent to Hbrsethief Crek and above the Mojave River and represents an occupation approximately 3000 years old.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Goff Creek (48PA325) is located at an elevation of approximately 6400 feet in the Shoshone National Forest in Park County, northwest Wyoming. Thirty-seven stratigraphic pollen samples were examined to provide paleoenvironmental interpretations between approximately 6,000 BP and the present. The base of this record may represent a Paleoindian deposition; however, sediment accumulation between this level and approximately 6,000 BP was minimal or perhaps removed.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Thomas E. Moutoux. Linda Scott Cummings.

Mel's site is one of at least three lithic procurement areas associated with the Monument Ridge Quarry site located in southwestern Montana. Twenty-one pollen samples were collected at 10 cm intervals from a two meter pollen column. A bulk soil sample collected from the bottom of the column provides a radiocarbon age of approximately 5,150 + 60 BP (BC 4055 - 3795). A second radiocarbon age of 2630 +60 BP (BC 890 - 765 or 615 - 600) was obtained from the collagen of ungulate bone recovered...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Punahulapa Marsh is located in the lowland Kahuku coastal plain along the north shore of Oahu. This plain receives moderate rainfall averaging 30-40 inches annually, and is receives severe exposure to the northeast trade winds. The large quantity of rainfall received by the Koolau Range results in more rapid alluviation of the lower plain than is observed on the leeward side of the island. The marsh is located near sea level, and the elevation of this area, including the coastal sand...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Four pollen sanples were examined from Test Unit 6 at 48TE414. Diagnostic projectile points recovered at this site range in age from middle Archaic through late Prehistoric. Test Unit 6 was the deepest unit at this site and a Pelican Lake (late Archaic) projectile point was recovered from the bottom of this unit, providing a maximum date of approximately 3000 BP. Pollen analysis was undertaken to examine the stability of the environment represented by the depositional sequence in Test Unit...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Six pollen samples were collected from strata in excavation Unit 49 at site 50-Qa-G5-152 located in upland Kane'ohe on the windward side of O'ahu. This stratigraphic pollen analysis was undertaken to provide a history of vegetation in the project area.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Symphony Park area is located in a relatively low-lying area at the corner of Ward Avenue and Kapi'olani Boulevard, near downtown Honolulu and Kewalo Basin. Wetland deposits were noted below modern fill. These wetland deposits were cored for later sampling in the laboratory. Eighteen samples from the core were examined for pollen to provide information about both the local and generalized paleoenvironmental patters on this side of Oahu. Radiocarbon dates provide a basal age for this...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Archaeological excavation at the Crescent Shelter has spanned several decades. Cultural components noted extend from the Late Paleoindian to the Woodland and include the Altithermal period. The site lies along the hogback valley near Deer Creek. The site's location along the hogbacks, as well as its stratigraphy representing occupation from Paleoindian through Woodland made it a desirable location to examine the paleoenvironmental record for the Front Range of Colorado. The fact that this...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The King site (24PH2886) is located in the Little Rocky Mountains of north-central Montana. This site contains Pelican Lake components that have been consistently dated elsewhere between 2000 and 3500 BP. In addition, McKean Complex materials are noted that may be assigned to 3500 to 5000 BP. The upper cultural component is the Mortlach Composite, which commonly dates around AD 1600 to AD 1720. Pollen analysis was undertaken on two stratigraphic columns to provide information to identify past...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Ten stratigraphic samples were examined from the Lightning Spring Site to provide information concerning the vegetation communities of this area during the McKean occupation (before 4000 BP) and between that time and the present. Single stratigraphic samples were examined from each of the strata exhibiting evidence of McKean occupation. In addition, single samples were examined from two Middle to Late Archaic occupation strata, and a Late Prehistoric occupation stratum immediately below the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Fifteen samples collected stratigraphically from the Rattlesnake Slough site (34GR4) were examined for pollen. Nine of the samples represent a column collected from Test Unit 2 as contiguous 10 cm block samples. Two soil dates anchor the bottom and top of the area sampled in TU 2 as 8200 ± 100 BP and 6080 ± 110 BP, respectively. A modern surface sample also was examined. The remaining 5 samples were collected in 5 cm increments from soil core #3. A radiocarbon age of 9730 ± 60 BP was...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Six pollen samples from two excavation units at Tomcat Cave (10LN74) and two control pollen samples collected outside the cave were examined. The cave samples were collected stratigraphically through deposits in the two units to examine the paleoenvironmental record. The control samples provide information concerning vegetation outside the cave at depths corresponding to the middle to lower samples collected from cave deposits.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 10EL217, situated across the river from Bancroft Springs, lies on a terrace overlooking the Snake River in Pasadena Valley. The test unit was excavated into alluvial fan sediments that overlie the river terrace sediments. Previous radiocarbon analysis suggests this area has been occupied at least intermittently for the past 3,300 years. Deeply buried archaeological deposits were encountered in the southern portion of the site, while the northern portion of the site has been impacted by...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

The Field Brook Project involves archaeological investigations for replacement of the bridge that carries S 1015 over Field Brook in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania. Excavations included five trenches, three of which were sampled stratigraphically for pollen. Upon examination of the stratigraphic sequence, two of these profiles were selected for pollen analysis (Columns 1 and 2). Stratigraphic pollen analysis was designed to provide a record of vegetation for individual levels within these...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen samples were collected stratigraphically from Unidad 22 at the Paredones site in the Huaca Prieta project area, Peru. The Paredones site is located north of Huaca Prieta, between the Pacific Ocean and an ancient lagoon. This site did not exhibit the burning that characterized Huaca Preita.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

A pollen core was collected with a Giddings corer at site 24JF761 located near Montana City in Jefferson County, Montana. Pollen analysis at this site was designed to address environmental changes from a level preceeding the occupation to the present. Vegetation changes in the area of Montana City for the past 10,000 years have been inferred in a report addressing the environmental analysis and modelling by Dale Herbort (1987). Pollen sampling was designed to test this model and further...

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney. Linda Scott Cummings.

The Bull Creek site, 34BV176, is located in the High Plains physiographic region of western Beaver County, Oklahoma. The site is located within the short grass prairie biome, and consists of the modern soil and a series of buried paleosols, dating from 11 ,070±60 RCYBP to the present. One of these strata, dated to 10,850+210 RCYBP, contained spirally fractured bison bone and flaked stone. This site is situated on a cutbank in a meander of Bull Creek. Pollen analysis of 34 stratigraphic samples...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 50-Qa-G5-85 is located in upland Kane'ohe on the windward side of Oahu. Pondfield cultivation at this extensively terraced site appears to have spanned the time period AD 500 or 600 to post-AD 1600 (Allen 1987 :xi) . Twelve samples represent stratigraphic deposits on an agricultural terrace in excavation unit 35, while the thirteenth sample was collected from Feature 35, also part of an agricultural terrace. Pollen analysis was undertaken to define prehistoric vegetation in the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Twenty-three pollen samples were collected from stratigraphic deposits at Chalan Pale Arnold. At this writing, no information is available for the site or the strata. Pollen analysis identifies plants in the vicinity of the site at the time of sediment accumulation.

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney.

Several cores were extracted from sediments of the peninsula between the Bush and Gunpowder Rivers near Edgewood Maryland. Samples were extracted at irregular intervals from eleven of these cores and submitted for environmental pollen analysis in order to assist in determining ages for strata underlying the peninsula. Accurate determination of biostratigraphic ages are difficult, at best, and require extensive, close-interval sampling to determine changes in frequency and the appearance and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen samples were removed from a single core collected from Lake St. Francis, Arkansas. This core was examined in an effort to assist in interpreting the drowning sequence. Seismic activity affects drainage and may act as a catalyst in drowning areas.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Changes in the Holocene vegetation have not been widely studied for coastal California. Stratigraphic palynological studies of two locations on the Unocal pipeline in Santa Barbara County, California represent vegetational sequences for approximately 1OOO years in the Santa Ynez Valley. This study was undertaken as part of a greater examination of cultural resources and geomorphology along the pipeline. A pollen study of a core from the Santa Barbara Basin off the coast near Santa...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Peat samples were examined at intervals of 10 centimeters from Corkscrew Swamp, Florida. Pollen samples represent the entire peat sequence in the Corkscrew Swamp, but the underlying marl was not sampled. The interface between the marl and peat has been dated to approximately 5000 BP by association with nearby dated profiles. Pollen analysis focused on identification of plants and changes in the plant communities near Corkscrew Swamp through time.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Archaeological evidence indicates at least five episodes of cultural activity at this site. 1) Tenporary ephemeral pre-contact occupation of the sand dune is the earliest cultural activity represented. 2) Construction of a pond associated with irrigated taro cultivation. Cultural materials that may have been present as a result of this occupation were probably destroyed by later enlargement of the pond and subsequent historic activities. 3) The initial pond was later enlarged into a...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

The Bull Creek North Site (34BV181) is located within 1 mile of the Bull Creek Site (34BV176). Thirty-four stratigraphic samples were examined for pollen from the Bull Creek site (Varney and Cummings 2004). Ten samples collected stratigraphically from Bull Creek North (34BV181) were examined for pollen. A radiocarbon age of 12300 ± 80 BP anchors the middle of the record in a clay loam stratum.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

The Bull Creek site, 34BV176, is located in the High Plains physiographic region of western Beaver County, Oklahoma. The site is situated within the short grass prairie biome. Trees growing along Bull Creek today include elm, cottonwood, and hackberry. This series of sediments consists of the modern soil and a series of buried paleosols, dating from 13,210 RCYBP to the present. One of these strata, dated to 10,850K210 RCYBP, contained spirally fractured bison bone and flaked stone. The original...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

A core was collected from sediments in a seasonally dry glacial kettle lake or pond near Bismark, North Dakota. These sediments are anticipated to represent most of the Holocene and possibly the latest Pleistocene. Pollen samples were collected at close intervals to provide the best possible evaluation of the paleoenvironment. In addition, eight radiocarbon ages were obtained on humates, since there was no charcoal observed in the core, to anchor the pollen record. Dates range from 4900 to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Adrien's Landing project encompasses portions of the Holocene flood plain along the Connecticut River in downtown Hartford, Connecticut. This area has seen intensive historic use and probably was a favored location for Woodland villages between approximately 2000 and 300 years ago. Stratigraphic pollen and phytolith analysis was conducted on sediments from several cores removed from these flood plains. These sediments are thought to span approximately the past 12,500 years. Samples were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Stratigraphic pollen samples recovered from a 5.85 m deep section located in a recent placer mine cut along the north margin of the Barton Gulch Valley were examined to identify elements of the local vegetation and to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions from 10,360 BP to 3,900 BP. The Barton Gulch area was occupied by Paleoindians by 9,400 BP, and occupational strata are noted through approximately 3,900 BP (Davis et al. 1988, 1989; Davis 1993). Chronostratigraphic markers include stratum...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Eight stratigraphic pollen samples were collected from Recon John Shelter (5PE648), located along the bank of Turkey Creek a tributary to the Arkansas river. A late Archaic/Woodland occupation postulated at this cave, where the cultural deposits are deep. Ceramics were recovered from the upper levels, while projectile points were recovered throughout the deposits. Pollen analysis was conducted on the samples in an effort to address both paleoenvironmental conditions and evidence of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Fourteen stratigraphic samples were examined from Silver Lake in the Fort Rock Basin of Oregon to provide a pollen record that would inform about the paleoenvironment. Specifically, the pollen record was expected to provide information concerning vegetation growing around Silver Lake that human occupants of the Fort Rock Basin might have used as part of their subsistence base.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Sediments in the Wesley Chapel Gulf were cored to provide a stratigraphic record for examining past vegetation. Ninety-five pollen samples were examined from this core to provide close-interval examination of the paleoenvironmental record. At this writing, no information is available concerning the basal date for this core, nor the approximate time period of accumulation for the sediments. Frequent flooding and depositional hiatuses are noted for this area, creating a sediment record from...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney. David V. Hill.

Stratigraphic pollen analysis of sediments that span the past approximately 9400 radiocarbon years was undertaken to provide a look at the environmental record through time. This stratigraphic record is undoubtedly broken by interruptions in deposition, if not erosional events. Apparent interruptions probably overlie each of the cultural horizons. In addition to identifying vegetation of this area throughout most of the Holocene using pollen analysis, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Companion pollen and phytolith samples were examined from strata in the west wall of Block A at the Cove Creek site (10LH144). Radiocarbon ages of 8620 + 70 BP and 6920 + 50 BP provide an early and a middle age for this stratigraphic sequence. Mazama ash also provides a temporal marker of 6845 BP. The cultural zone above the Mazama ash yielded an age of 6650 + 80 BP for Feature 96-16 and McKean points that indicate this zone may represent accumulation over several thousand years. The...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Seven sites in the Nanakuli Valley were examined for pollen and/or phytoliths. These sites consisted of complexes of terraces, mounds, clearings, and platforms that constituted permanent habitations, agricultural terraces, or religious features. Pollen and phytolith analysis was undertaken to identify local vegetation and also assist in determining land-use patterns and establishing prehistoric vegetation.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Deposits of the Alkali Creek Site are associated with Paleoindian occupations and later prehistoric occupations in Dunn County, west-central North Dakota. The sequence represents deposition from the Goshen level (9,600 to 11,300 BP) until approximately 1000 BP near the surface with a hiatus in the Altithermal. Stratigraphic pollen and phytolith analyses of sediments from two stratigraphic columns at this site provides information of local and regional vegetation communities, allowing an...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Eight sediment samples were collected stratigraphically from an excavation unit at the Eagle Creek Site (24PA301) near Gardiner, Montana. This multicomponent site yielded radiocarbon ages of 570 + 60 BP and 530 + 60 BP from the occupation levels near the base of this stratigraphic profile. Pollen and phytolith analyses were undertaken to describe the prehistoric and historic vegetation at the Eagle Creek Site for the past approximately 600 years.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Nine stratigraphic soil samples were collected and examined for both pollen and phytoliths from the Steel's Pass archaeological site (24MA565). This site is located on the southeast-facing flank of the Highland Mountains in southwestern Montana. Stratigraphic pollen and phytolith analyses were undertaken to provide information concerning past vegetation communities to allow interpretation of the paleoenvironment.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost. R.A. Varney.

Additional samples were submitted for pollen and phytolith analysis from various sites (34BV166, 34BV181, 34BV182, an 34WO69) near Bull Creek, Oklahoma. Data from these samples was merged with data obtained from previous analyses to provide a more complete interpretation of the paleoenvironmental record. Most of these samples represent sediments estimated to represent either Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene deposits. A radiocarbon age of 12,300 ± 80 BP anchors the middle of the record...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. Rhoda O Lewis.

The Rena Wynne Site, 32BI332, is located on an old terrace on the west side of the Little Missouri River in the Little Missouri Badlands. A stratigraphic column in which two paleosols were identified was sampled for pollen and phytolith analysis at 5 cm intervals. This yielded a total of 13 pollen and 13 phytolith samples. The two paleosols correspond to pollen samples 5, 6, and 9. A slab-lined hearth radiocarbon dated to 1370 + 165 BP was excavated within 1 m of the soil column. The...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute. Rhoda O. Lewis.

Thirteen soil samples were removed from a stratigraphic column at the Marsh Hawk site (32BI3l7) for pollen and phytolith analysis (Table 1). The site is located in a ridge running in a southeast/northwest direction on the east side of the Little Missouri Badlands. The study area contains a high density of archaeological sites. The paucity of paleoenvironmental studies of this area has lead to the analyis of these 13 samples for their pollen and phytolith remains. The primary purpose of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. Rhoda O Lewis.

Eleven soil samples were removed from a stratigraphic column on the east wall of excavation unit (XU) 61 at 32DU285 for pollen and phytolith analysis (Table 1). In addition, a twelfth sample was taken from a fluvial deposit below the level of the stratigraphic column and south of XU 61, which dates to the late Wisconsin or early Holocene Period. The site is located on the edge of a bluff overlooking the Knife River in north-central Dunn County, North Dakota. The purpose of the pollen and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute. Rhoda O Lewis.

Four soil samples were removed from a stratigraphic column taken from the north wall of Test Unit 8 at the Tysver-Olson Site (32DU605) for pollen and phytolith analysis (Table 1). A fifth sample was taken from the matrix associated with carbonized bone, which produced a radiocarbon date of 5345 BP. The site is located in a shallow basin on the top of a narrow northwest-southeast trending ridge in Dunn County, North Dakota. The purpose of the pollen and phytolith study is to evaluate...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. Rhoda O. Lewis.

Site 32DU237 is located within the Knife River Flint primary source area approximately 25-30 miles east of the Little Missouri Badlands. The site is situated on the highest knob of a ridge top and the soil samples were taken from the northern portion of the knob resulting in a total of 9 pollen and phytolith samples. Cultural debris was limited to dense flaking debris and two projectile points. A Late Plains triangular unnotched projectile point was recovered from 0-10 cm below the surface...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

The Adrien's Landing project encompasses portions of the Holocene floodplain along the Connecticut River in downtown Hartford, Connecticut. This area has seen intensive historic use and probably was a favored location for Woodland villages between approximately 2000 and 300 years ago. Stratigraphic pollen and phytolith analysis was conducted on sediments from several cores removed from these floodplains. These sediments are thought to span approximately the past 12,500 years. Samples were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Sample were collected stratigraphically from the west wall of Backhoe Trench 7 at the Mammoth Site (41BX1239) in Bexar County, Texas. These samples were originally designated for diatom and/or phytolith analysis. Upon review of soil conditions at the site, pollen analysis was recommended as the first priority. Due to high sediment pH, diatom and phytolith dissolution was identified as a potential problem. Analysis proceeded on these sediments for the recovery and identification of pollen,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Mancos Canyon has been the site of ongoing archaeological investigations by.the University of Colorado for several years in connection with the development of the Ute Mountain Archaeological Park. Pollen analysis has supplemented the archaeological analysis since 1974. While previous pollen studies have focused on the recovery of general environmental data about the sites and their features, this study was designed to sample for ethnobotanic pollen. The basic purpose of the study is to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three components representing a Middle to Late Paleolndian, an Early Archaic, and a Late Archaic occupation are noted at this site. Macrofloral analysis of the contents of 27 hearths yielded charred remains that address the floral portions of the subsistence record at this site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Pollen and macrofloral analyses were undertaken on samples from several prehistoric sites on the North lease area of the McKinley Mine for the purpose of assessing the subsistence base of the inhabitants of these sites. In the case of site NL86 pollen and macrofloral samples were taken from stratigraphic columns and from the trash midden (Feature 6). Pollen only was recovered from the post-occupational fill of the kiva (Feature 8). Both pollen and macrofloral remains were recovered from...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute. Ronald J. Rood.

Subsistence analysis of materials obtained during archaeological mitigation of 5RB2435 in Rio Blanco County, Colorado, encompasses both floral and faunal remains. Pollen and macrofloral analyses were employed to examine the vegetal components of the diet, while faunal analysis was used to assess the animal or meat portion of the diet. The Texas Creek Overlook Site (5RB2435) is unique in the Douglas Creek/Evacuation Creek area, as it is a prehistoric masonry structure located on an isolated...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Pollen analysis was undertaken at five prehistoric sites within the Mancos Canyon Historical District in conjunction with archaeological mitigation. These five sites lie in the right-of-way of UMU Route 206, Montezuma County, Colorado. The sites are located on the mesatop south of Johnson Canyon. The present environment in the vicinity of these sites has been altered considerably within the past 30 years due to chaining activities. This area was probably covered by a moderately dense stand...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A total of 208 pollen, 172 macrofloral, 87 charcoal, and 10 phytolith samples were examined in the course of this project. Analysis of the pollen record sought to provide information both about the local vegetation, and concerning subsistence activities. Macrofloral analysis was aimed at the identification of charred remains that would shed light on subsistence activites. Charcoal analysis provided information concerning the exploitation of local resources for fuel by the occupants of the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

The Taliaferro site is a multi-component site located in the Green River Basin. Pollen samples were collected from this site during archaeological excavations to examine both paleoenvironment and subsistence. Occupation ranges from approximately 5290 to 960 years B.P., with the majority of the occupation falling post-1500 years B.P. Two stratigraphic columns were sampled at the site to provide data for the paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The later occupations (post-2900 years B.P.) are...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Four pollen samples were submitted for analysis from a soil core removed from the Erbie Campground site in Newton County, Arkansas. These samples were collected in connection with archaeological mitigation and geomorphic analysis. Previous attempts at pollen analysis from southeastern Missouri have proven fruitless, so this analysis was undertaken to ascertain whether or not pollen was preserved in this core.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan. Chad Yost.

Eight stone tools consisting of two tabular knives, a metate, and seven manos from sites LA 113042, LA 129214, LA 129216, LA 129217, and LA 129300 were submitted for combined pollen, starch, protein, and organic residue analysis. These combined analyses provide a thorough examination, allowing for the potential for multiple lines of evidence to support subsistence strategies and tool function interpretations. In addition, acorns from two locations in New Mexico were submitted for a thorough...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

A rock bearing a circular green “stain” was submitted for organic residue and mineral and analysis. The first step in evaluating this stain for analysis was visual examination using a stereoscope at a magnification of approximately 10-30x. Although we attempted to remove a small portion of the green stain and underlying quartz for scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe analysis to identify the source of the stain, this was not possible. Therefore, a larger flake was removed.

DOCUMENT Full-Text David V. Hill. Linda Scott Cummings.

Remnants of filings collected at a depth of 15,680 feet originally examined with an XRF at The Mineral Lab were submitted to Paleo Research Institute for visual examination to determine whether the quartz in this shale was detrital quartz or biogenic silica.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Traditionally, archaeologists have preferentially selected point-provenienced, large pieces of charcoal for radiocarbon dating. Examining post-depositional processes affecting charcoal suggests that these items are usually remnants of inner portions of much larger pieces of fuel wood that were burned in a feature. Radiocarbon dates on heartwood and later wood are potentially hundreds of years different, resulting in an age determination that has little to do with the use of the feature. ...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Three wood samples from a chine log, a hull plank, and a deck plank were collected from a ferryboat sunk in the Neches River in eastern Ttexas. These three samples were examined to determine what tiiriber these parts of the ferryboat were constructed of.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Two wood samples and eight charcoal samples were submitted for identification and AMS radiocarbon dating. These samples were collected from Bench 5 and Bench 4 at the B. F. Sisk Dam in central California. Samples were identified, and radiocarbon dates were obtained on nine samples.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two wooden spoons and a wooden whorl, as well as three groups of char coal specimens were examined from the Dan Canyon Burial (42SA21339) to identify the wood used in constructing the artifacts, as well as the char coal present.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Seventeen samples from the Cape Krusenstern beach ridge archaeological site complex in northwest Alaska were submitted for identification. This archaeological site complex is situated in the Cape Krusenstern National Monument. A total of thirteen wood samples, one charcoal sample, one sedge stem fragment, and two peat-like samples were examined.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

A total of 124 wood/charcoal samples from the Cape Krusenstern beach ridge archaeological site complex in northwest Alaska were submitted for identification. This site complex is situated in the Cape Krusenstern National Monument.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

A total of 54 charcoal and wood samples from the Cape Krusenstern beach ridge archaeological site complex were submitted for identification. This site complex is located within Cape Krusenstern National Monument in Northwest Alaska. Charcoal was examined in order to identify the types of wood available to and used by the prehistoric occupants of this site complex, as well as to provide identifications for charcoal samples submitted for radiocarbon dating.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Several wooden artifacts were recovered from a site in southeast Alaska and from various sites along the Oregon coast. Pieces of wood from these artifacts were identified to determine what types of wood the artifacts were constructed from.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Several wooden artifacts were recovered from a site in southeast Alaska and from various sites along the Oregon coast. Pieces of wood from these artifacts were identified to determine what types of wood the artifacts were constructed from.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman.

Eight sticks from a driftwood pile in the Upper Meyers Study Reach, Oregon, were sent for identification. The driftwood pile was a result of a flood in Meyers Canyon in 1956. The sticks were identified to determine if they represented the same type of tree or different trees.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of several locations on a shirt in the Buffalo Bill Museum collection identified pigments present in the pigment used on the shirt and/or to cure the hide.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of an icon painting from Kevin Zwiezen yielded images that detail the distribution of elements across the artwork.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Five textiles were examined using handheld X-ray Fluorescence technology to identify the presence of toxins.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas W. Stafford.

Three samples of bone collected from Cuncaicha Rockshelter in Peru were pulverized at the University of Arizona and received for XAD purification and AMS radiocarbon dating. These samples represent three unique specimens identified as vicuña (Vicuna mensalis) or Andean deer (Hippocamelus antisensis).

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R. A. Varney.

Two sediment samples and four rocks recovered in a trench at CA-SHA-2435 (Keswick Boat Ramp Cabin), situated on an ancestral terrace and hill along the Sacramento River, were submitted for analysis. A major historic (1890s to early 1900s) copper mining and smelting operation was located in this vicinity. A prehistoric camp is overlain by a cabin foundation and possible ore roasting features.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

A twig that formed part of the framework for the granary at 5RB705 and single zea mays cob, representing maize stored in the granary, were submitted for analysis. Phytoliths were extracted from the cob and measured to obtain a signature of the type of maize represented and also to assess growing conditions under which this corn was grown.