PaleoResearch Institute

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Samples from the Bird Canyon Site (48SU390) north of LaBarge, Wyoming, were examined for pollen and macrofloral remains. This site is a multi-component site with three cultural components, all representing occupation during the terminal portion of the Late Prehistoric Period (Firehole Phase). Radiocarbon dating of the middle component yielded an age of 100 ± 60 BP. Approximately one meter of stratigraphic sediments was examined for pollen to produce a paleoenvironmental record of this area...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Eighteen pollen samples were analyzed from the Blue Point Bridge Archaological Site, a large Hohokam habitation site. The site was permanently occupied during the Sacaton phase (AD 900-1100) and possibly toward the end of the Santa Cruz phase (AD 700-900). Five functionally distinct spatial components were identified and features from three of these components were analyzed for pollen. Pollen analysis was conducted to identify specific biotic resources used at the site. In addition, data...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Cyprus Coal Rockshelter (5RT345) is located in a lower montane environmental zone in Routt County, Colorado. This rockshelter yielded radiocarbon ages varying from 7300 to 1080 BP, reflecting its use for thousands of years. The site included house pits, slab-lined features, groundstone, and other evidence of occupation. Some of the groundstone yielded traces of red ochre and pictographs were noted on the sandstone. Pollen analysis was undertaken on stratigraphic samples from a pollen...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Bowling Dune and DJ Ranch sites are both located near ancient lakes and channel systems associated with the Silver Lake overflow system. During early and mid-Holocene water filled these overflow systems and ran out of Silver Lake valley sub-basin into the Fort Rock Valley sub-basin. Pollen analysis was undertaken at the Bowling Dune and DJ Ranch sites to identify whether or not wetlands were present near both sites at the time of occupation. In addition, dark soil lenses without...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

This Paleoindian and Early Archaic site, occupied during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene, contained a medicine wheel. Control pollen samples were collected and examined from four areas supporting different vegetation to establish pollen signatures for these areas that would assist in interpreting the prehistoric record. Four samples were collected beneath rocks of the medicine wheel in an effort to find pollen associated with the Paleoindian occupation and characterize the local...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Echo Spring Housepit site (48CR6979) represents an Opal phase Archaic occupation southeast of Wamsutter, Wyoming in the Washakie Basin, which lies in the southern portion of the Great Divide Basin. Two housepits and external features are located in a sand dune on the west facing slope of a 'low ridge between two draws. The two housepits are located immediately next to one another and each exhibits evidence of multiple occupations. Radiocarbon ages range from 4480 to 5670 BP and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three pollen samples were examined near petroglyph panels at the Frozen Leg Site. One of the panels at this site illustrates a number of plants that have been tentatively identified as tobacco plants. If this site was a ceremonial site, tobacco pollen might be present. Pollen analysis was undertaken to identify both the variety of pollen present arei to scan the samples for evidence of tobaocp pollen.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Fourteen pollen samples were examined from a stratigraphic column, two features, a prehistoric surface, and a mano at the Hanging Hearth site (5RB 454) in northwestern Colorado. Hanging Hearth, a stratified site located in Rio Blanco County, exhibits evidence of at least five occupations. The stratigraphic pollen record was examined to address changes in local and regional vegetation through time. Pollen analysis of features and other samples with cultural associations was undertaken to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

The Harris Site is located in a small rockshelter on the east side of the Uncompahgre Plateau. A single radiocarbon date places occupation of the shelter and formation of a cultural midden before and after 3500 BP. Eight pollen samples were collected stratigraphically from midden deposits outside the shelter. An additional pollen sample was collected from the present ground surface outside the shelter to act as a control sample for interpreting the paleoenvironment. Pollen samples were...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Hatch site (5WL38) is located in the Pawnee National Grasslands of Weld County. Deposits identified as Late Plains Woodland were noted. A single hearth yielded a radiocarbon date of 880 + 50 BP (1070 + 50 AD). In addition, occupation zones were also noted and identified as Late Plains Woodland. Pollen samples were examined from the hearth fill, as well as each of two occupation zones. The Bernhardt site (5WL1860) is located approximately 100 meters southeast of the Dent site (5WL269)....

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The 1991 excavations at the Helen Lookingbill site (48FR308) included collection of pollen samples to provide information concerning paleoenvironmental conditions. Stratigraphic samples examined for their pollen range in age from the oldest deposits, which include both Neoglacial and Anatfrermal/Mtithermal deposition (6000-3500 BP and 10000-6000 BP) to historic deposits. Relatively few pollen samples were examined spanning this long interval, since the sediments were shallow. The...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Houghton Road Site is located within the city limits of Tucson, Arizona immediately west of Houghton Road between Tanque Verde Road and Speedway Boulevard. It is situated on the flood plain at the convergence of the Tanque Verde and Agua Caliente washes. This Hohokam site has been archaeomagnetically dated to AD 400 to 600. Although it is a typical Hohokam site, some Mogollonlike architectural components are noted. This site includes large deep square houses, cremations and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Fourteen pollen samples were selected for analysis from 5LP264, the Ignacio Site, located approximately three miles north of Ignacio in La Plata. County, Colorado. This site is an historic Navajo site containing evidence of a sweat lodge, hearth, and several piles of rocks. The present vegetation in the vicinity of the site is dominated by Pinus and Juniperus (a pinon/juniper zone). The understory is composed of Artemisia (sagebrush), Quercus (scrub oak), and Amelanchier (serviceberry). A...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Pollen analysis was undertaken in conjunction with the archaeological mitigation of six tipi rings in Boulder County, Colorado. The Indian Mountain site (5BL876) is located on the Dakota hogback approximately 6 miles east of Lyons and 1 mile north of st. Vrain Creek. The site is situated in a clearing where the vegetation consists primarily of grasses, yucca, and prickly pear cactus. The surrounding vegetation also includes ponderosa pine and oak brush to the northwest of the site. This...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Pollen analysis examined ten stratigraphic samples from the Jerry Craig (5GA639) and five stratigraphic samples from the Lower Twin Mountain (5GA186) site. Middle Park has yielded buried evidence of Paleoindian occupation at several sites in the general vicinity of Wolford Mountain. Results of the examination of these stratigraphic samples is compared with other stratigraphic pollen analyses for Middle Park. In addition, these results are integrated with previous protein residue analysis of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Pollen analysis examined ten stratigraphic samples from the Jerry Craig (5GA639) and five stratigraphic samples from the Lower Twin Mountain (5GA186) site. Middle Park has yielded buried evidence of Paleoindian occupation at several sites in the general vicinity of Wolford Mountain. Results of the examination of these stratigraphic samples is compared with other stratigraphic pollen analyses for Middle Park. In addition, these results are integrated with previous protein residue analysis of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Stratigraphic pollen analysis was undertaken at the Kib Ridge-Yampa site to provide a description of local vegetation at the time of Paleo Indian occupation. Dates ranging from 11,290 ± 80 to 10,260 ± 90 BP have been returned for Contexts 15 through 4, representing human occupation. The vegetation record would be used to infer differences between the climate at that time and the present. The stratigraphic record was anticipated to represent the interval from the Paleo Indian occupation...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Uploaded by: Linda Scott Cummings

Two stratigraphic columns were collected at the Kite Site, a pithouse village site named after the land owner, Jack Kite. Located near Quivera, New Mexico, this site was occupied between approximately AD 900 and 1100, and includes several pithouse structures, a surface (jacal) structure and at least one midden. A stratigraphic pollen column was collected through a midden deposit identified as the fill of one of the pit structures. Identifying pollen representative of plants with economic...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three phytolith sanples were examined from two pit features and a large post, possibly part of a palisade wall at the Lake Acworth site (9C045). The Lake Acworth site appears to have been a small Mississippian village containing a perimeter palisade wall. Phytolith analysis was undertaken to identify phytoliths that might have been present through use or processing of plants as food in the pits.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

The Lefevre Site (AR-03-07-03-1034) is a subsurface feature located in the Arizona Strip area that either functioned as a small pithouse or a storage structure. The structure appears to have been used by the Anasazi before or around AD 1100. Three pollen samples were examined from the floor of this structure in an effort to identify subsistence elements.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Eighteen pollen samples were analyzed from 14 features at the Los Hornos Site. The majority of these features are pithouses, the floors of which were sampled as composite pollen samples. A total of nine pithouses were examined and two ramada/pithouses. A single hearth is represented, and another sample was collected from the floor near a hearth. Both hearths were contained inside pithouses. Pollen analysis focused on the identification of pollen representing economic plants, and hence...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Site CAID-CM2 (Lovely Site) was occupied during the Late Sedentary (Sacaton Phase)/Early Classic (Soho) Phase. This site was thought to have been a seasonally occupied agave production/processing locus. The site is located on an alluvial fan in the bajadas of the Picacho Mountains in Pinal County, Arizona. The pollen samples were collected from several roasting pits and trash mounds recovered at the site in an effort to understand the vegetal portion of the subsistence base.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

The McGinnes Site (48SU1499) is a stratified, multicomponent, kill/butchering site associated with local spring activity and located west of LaBarge, Wyoming. Fourteen stratigraphic samples from two columns represent interbedded cultural and acultural sediments. Eight additional samples were collected from the cultural surfaces and associated features. Two modern surface samples also were examined to provide a baseline for interpreting paleoenvironmental change and economic activity at the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Pollen analysis was conducted at 24 DW85, the Mini-Moon Site, in eastern Montana. Ten pollen samples were collected from the present ground surface and five separate excavation areas at this site. Deflated hearths, midden areas, and activity areas were all sampled for their pollen content. Radiocarbon ages obtained from this site varied from 2160 BP to 1520 BP. The Besant occupation of this site left considerable quantities of bone and lithic debris. This pollen study was undertaken to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney.

The Oasis of Mara is a permanent spring located in the Mojave desert in Twentynine Palms, California. This spring has served as important source of water and center for human occupation in the high desert region from prehistoric to post World War II. A geologic trench at the site revealed a layer dated to 9000 years BP that represented either an eolian lense or a liquifaction feature within a stratum containing marsh sediments. Three pollen samples were analyzed from above, below and within...

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney. Linda Scott Cummings.

The Oasis of Mara is a permanent spring located in the Mojave desert in Twentynine Palms, California. This spring has served as important source of water and center for human occupation in the high desert region from prehistoric to post World War II. A geologic trench at the site revealed a layer dated to 9000 years BP that represented either an eolian lense or a liquifaction feature within a stratum containing marsh sediments. Seven pollen samples were analyzed from above, below and within...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Gerald K. Kelso.

The objectives of pollen analysis in the Paddy's Alley (BOS-HA-12) and Cross Street (BOS-HA-13) sites are to define site formation processes and to describe the history of vegetation on the sites. Three stratigraphic pollen profiles and samples from a number of features have been analyzed.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

INTRODUCTION The Paloparado Site is located next to riparian woodlands of the Santa Cruz River. Four samples were examined for pollen representing occupations from the Preclassic (AD 700-1150) to the Classic period (AD 1150-1450). Samples examined were removed from roasting pits, a pit house floor, and a borrow and trash pit to examine the subsistence base through time.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Twenty samples were submitted for analysis from the Pinenut Site, a Virgin Anasazi site located in the Arizona Strip. The site was occupied in the late Pueblo I to Pueblo II time span (ca. AD 850-1100). While evidence of both horticulture and wild resource procurement has been noted for the Virgin Anasazi, the degree of reliance on agricultural resources has not been studied. The major research focus of the archaeological study, of which this study is a part, is the identification of the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Thomas E. Moutoux. Linda Scott Cummings.

The Rock Creek site (5BL2712) is a multicomponent site located directly adjacent to Rock Creek and approximately one mile north of Broomfield, Colorado. Four soil samples and two manos were submitted for pollen and starch analysis. The samples were excavated from sediments representing both the Middle Archaic and Ceramic Periods. Pollen and starch evidence may offer some insight into plants processed and utilized at the site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Fifteen pollen sample were examined from two stratigraphic columns collected at Rose Spring in eastern California. This stratigraphic record should represent a single sequence from approximately 3,580 to the modern surface. Pollen analysis was conducted to identify changes in local vegetation through time during this interval.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

The Second Look Site (48SU 1565) is an Early Paleoindian open occupation site situated on the prairie in southwestern Wyoming. The site appears to have functioned as a butchering locale. Pollen samples were collected from two depths within an excavation unit in an attempt to define local vegetation at the time of occupation.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Stratigraphic samples were examined from Block 1, Unit 23 N 02E. A calibrated radiocarbon age of AD 1405 is reported at a depth of 60 centimeters, making this stratigraphic record relatively recent. Pollen analysis was undertaken to identify vegetation and changes in vegetation through time near the Terrace Ring Site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

The Toland Site. located on the eastern outskirts of Tucson, Arizona, is an open sherd and lithic scatter. Ceramics indicate an occupation during the "Middle Rincon Sub phase (AD 1000-1100) of the Hohokam chronology (Elson 1986)" (Earl Sires, written communication, February 7, 1989). The floors of two pithouses were sampled for pollen beneath trivets, a bowl, and a mano, and two manos were washed for their pollen content. Pollen analysis at this site was geared toward the recovery of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Five pollen samples were collected in association with House 3 at the Uncas Site (34Ka-172). The Uncas Site is located on the shores of Kaw Lake to the northeast of Ponca City in Kay County, Oklahoma. This house yielded radiocarbon ages suggesting that occupation occured between 510 + 50 BP and 410 ± 50 BP. Several samples were collected as controls to aid in establishing background pollen frequencies against which to compare the pollen from the house floor and feature. Pollen analysis was...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three samples were examined from the Valley View Site (5LR1085) located approximately two miles west of Loveland, Colorado. Situated on an east-facing terrace bench of a Dakota sandstone hogback ridge, this site exhibits Terminal Archaic through Early and Mid Plains Woodland remains. Three pollen samples were examined from two structures at this site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Pollen analysis was conducted on samples from three sites in connection with archaeological mitigation in the Santa Fe National Forest. Two of the sites represent masonry field houses in Cebollita Canyon occupied during the Pueblo IV period. Samples from these sites were analyzed for pollen to gather data concerning activities conducted at these sites, including functional determinations of specific structures (Table 1). A stratigraphic pollen column was collected from an Archaic lithic...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Pollen samples were analyzed from three sites (AZ N:4:23, PD-11, and PD-12) near Tuzigoot National Monument in the Verde Valley. Occupations include Hohokam, Sinagua, and historic Yavapai. Pollen samples collected at these sites represent living surfaces, a roasting pit, and two rock piles. Pollen analysis identified cultigens grown and addresses the subsistence base.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Three archaeological sites located between Taylor and Shumway, Arizona along State Highway 77 were sampled for pollen analysis. Sites AZ P:12:33(ASM) and AZ P:12:35(ASM) have been tentatively identified as Archaic through the presence of early projectile points, absence of ceramics, and a single radiocarbon age of 690 ± 150 BC from AZ P:12:35(ASM) (Weaver, personal communication, August 11, 1989). Very little work has been done on Archaic age sites in this area, which represent occupation...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Fifty-six pollen samples were analyzed from sites 42EH2109 and 42EM2095 in central Utah. These sites are located approximately 100 meters apart along Highway 31 in Huntington Canyon. Located in the extreme northwestern portion of Emery County, these sites both contain evidence of Fremont occupation. Pollen analysis was undertaken to provide evidence of food processing activities, and to delineate plants that were utilized by the occupants of the sites.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Two high altitude sites in Summit and Lake Counties (SSTl14 and SLK372) were examined for their pollen content in connection with archaeological mitigation. These sites were sampled stratigraphically in an effort to define paleoenvironmental changes in this area. Unfortunately, the soil deposition was relatively shallow at both sites, thus compacting the relatively long time sequences and yielding few pollen samples. The pollen samples were removed from defined natural stratigraphic units...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Sites SMF1827 and SMF18l8 were sampled for pollen to gather both paleoenvironmental and subsistence data. Both sites are located in the northwestern portion of Sand Wash Basin in northwestern Colorado. Site 5MT1827 is located near the rim of the basin and was stratigraphically sampled to collect paleoenvironmental data. In addition, a single ash pocket was also sampled for pollen. Site 5MT1818 is located approximately 3 miles to the east of SMT1827. Two features were sampled for...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Stratigraphic pollen samples were collected from two sites in the Santa Fe National Forest of the Jemez Mountain Range. These sites are believed to have functioned as obsidian procurement areas. Pollen samples were collected from stratigraphic units at both samples, and were analyzed to provide paleoenvironmental data.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Pollen samples were taken in conjunction with archaeological texting at two archaeological sites (PL30A and PL32A) in the Placitas Parcel to assist in the interpretation of these sites. Pollen analysis was undertaken both to study the paleoenvironment and to investigate local subsistence patterns at these sites. The samples analyzed in this study represent both stratigraphic deposits and features.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Pollen samples were collected from rock features at two sites in Rio Blanco County in northwestern Colorado. Located on a bench approximately 11 miles east of Rangely, these sites overlook the White River. Two features at each site were sampled for pollen. The features are described as concentrations of river-worn cobbles similar to agricultural features in Arizona. The purpose of pollen analysis at these sites was to search for evidence of agriculture.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Dry land agricultural features were noted during archaeological investigations. Located on the leeward slopes of the West Maui Mountains, the area receives drainage from the higher West Maui Mountains. Eight trenches were sampled stratigraphically for pollen to examine evidence of agricultural activity.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Jaime Dexter.

Sites AZ CC:1:89 and AZ CC:2:299 belong to a large cultural complex containing 29 sites located in Maricopa County, Arizona, near the Gila River approximately 160 miles east of Phoenix. Both sites are thought to have been prehistoric. Site AZ CC:1:89 consists of rock ring features associated with a low density sherd and lithic scatter, while site AZ CC:2:299 is probably a prehistoric horticultural site that also contains seven rock piles and a chipped-stone scatter. Four samples collected...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Both sites 24BH2317 and 24BH2613 are located in southeastern Montana on the west side of the present Tongue River Reservoir. Site 24BH2317 is a tipi ring campsite located on the upland, moderately rolling short grass and sagebrush prairie bordering the flooded valley of the Tongue River. This site appears to have a radiocarbon date of 3930 + 60 BP, indicating a McKean occupation. Four pollen samples were collected stratigraphically from the fill within Stone Circle 6 to identify vegetation...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Two samples, representing fill from a single hearth at depths of 24 and 40 cm, respectively, were collected in a pit structure to determine if there is evidence of processing plants.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney. Jaime Dexter.

The Crescent Site, 48SW13552, is a camp site located in Sweetwater County, Wyoming. Thirty-seven features were recorded during the excavation of two block sets at the site. A backhoe trench was also placed on a north-south trajectory through the middle of the site. Radiocarbon dating of features indicate three distinct phases associated with the cultural component of the site, which were subsequently identified as the Opal Phase, the Pine Springs Phase, and the Uinta Phase. Thirteen...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Six pollen samples, collected from three archaeological sites, were examined to provide information concerning possible processing activities associated with the use of the pits represented. All three sites are located in the area surrounding Clark Wash near Glade Park in Mesa County, Colorado. Radiocarbon ages place occupation of these sites within the past approximately 1700 years, with the most recent age being approximately 150 BP.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Twelve pollen samples were examined from sediments of a probable water collection facility in Morefield Canyon, Colorado. This study was designed to evaluate the deposition of sediments deposited into this facility to contribute to the interpretation of the function of this feature. These samples were selected from deposits with differing flow rates to compare the pollen contents of these sediments and to assist in identifying the origin of the sediments.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pruitt Shelter No. 1 (3NW1308) is situated along a steep bluff face of the Buffalo River, Newton County, Arkansas. Site 3NW1308 is estimated to have been occupied during the Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene, as well as during the Early Archaic through the Late Mississippian, the latter represented by lithics recovered from the site. A midden that appears to have been deposited between approximately AD 600 and 1600 was sampled for pollen analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A single sample was collected from a depth of 45-65 cm in Backhoe Trench 4 on Project 560-021 in Fort Bliss, Texas. This backhoe trench sampled a playa lake, exposing at least 18 different thin layers or thick laminae. Pollen analysis of a single sample was undertaken to determine the suitability of these deposits for interpretation of the paleoenvironmental record of the playa lake represented.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen and phytolith samples were examined from a variety of occupational proveniences within areas 8/9 and 14 at Pueblo Salado to examine the subsistence record. In addition to identifying vegetal elements of the subsistence base, examination of pollen from occupational proveniences provides evidence of patterns of economic activities. Pollen may contribute to an understanding of functional differentiation of space at Pueblo Salado, an element of Problem Domain I. Examination of the pollen...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

The Zanardelli site (AZ 88:13:1) is a large Classic period site located on the east side of the Santa Cruz River. Composite floor samples were collected to observe the types of pollen deposited inside the structures. Although the original research design was oriented towards comparison of results from several phases within the Classic occupation, final assignment of occupation for the structures represented by pollen samples does not provide sufficient variety to note changes through time.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site AZ EE:9:174, situated along the Santa Cruz River slightly north of the international border between Mexico and Arizona, exhibited several structures and at least one deep, bellshaped, extramural pit. Four pollen samples were selected as composite floor samples from structures to identify pollen representing plants growing in the vicinity of these sites during occupation and also to represent any plants processed in the structures. In addition, a fifth sample, from a large, deep,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site AZ T:12:413(ASM) contains evidence of occupation during at least the Pioneer, Sedentary, and Classic periods. Ceramics, which were primarily plainware, did not provide good temporal resolution. The area probably was used for farming and related activities over a period of centuries. Pollen samples were collected from a variety of locations at this site, and samples were selected for analysis from the Pioneer, Sedentary, and Classic periods. The samples represent a variety of protein in...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three pollen samples collected from a presumed lithic quarry site (CA-SDI-13,655) were examined to provide information concerning local vegetation from the present and at two points in the past. At present, no cultural affiliation has been ascribed to this site located in the western foothills of the Santa Margarita Mountains.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site CA-SDI-14, 663 is a bedrock mailing station comprised of three slicks and an associated lithic artifact scatter. Pollen samples were collected from sediment in the vicinity of these slicks and submitted to Paleo Research Institute for analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Eight pollen samples from two archaeological sites in Slovakia were submitted for analysis. These samples represent Cífer-Pác, a Roman military marching camp located just southeast of the small town of Cifer, and Iža-Leányvár, located on the north side of the Danube River.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Thirteen stratigraphic samples were submitted for pollen analysis from site 36WO80, Deer Park, Pennsylvania. The site is located along Tunkhannock Creek in Wyoming County. The stratigraphic record, including some flood episodes, represents an period of sediment accumulation during the Mid-to-Late-Archaic, based on recovery of projectile points.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Four samples were collected stratigraphically from sediments of a fishpond at Koloa, Kaua'i, Hawai'i. Pollen analysis was conducted to identify local vegetation at the time of use of this fishpond.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

One soil sample from Site 48SU6933, the Gobblers Know 327 site, was submitted for examination of pollen remains. This prehistoric open camp is located in Sublette County, southwestern Wyoming. Radiocarbon dates from two features at this site returned dates of 3660 ± 40 YBP and 5380 ± 40 YBP, indicating occupation of this site during the Pine Spring phase of the Late Archaic period, and the Opal phase of the Early Archaic period (Joni Stainbrook, personal communication, December 6, 2010). Pollen...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Thomas E. Moutoux. Linda Scott Cummings.

Seven pollen samples were collected and analyzed from two Ritter Ranch sites (CA-LAN- 959 and CA-LAN-953), located near Palmdale, California. Of the seven pollen samples analyzed, six were recovered from diffuse midden areas located on the two sites. The seventh pollen sample was collected from the surface at an offsite location and serves as the control for this study. Pollen analysis was used to provide information concerning possible plant resources processed and/or utilized at the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney. Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 5MF6871, located in Vermillion Basin, contained hearths and component staining representing occupation between approximately 5040 BP and 6420 BP. Four samples from hearths were examined for pollen evidence of subsistence activity.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

During the construction monitor of the Wexpro Company Musser 31, 38, 39, and Carl Allen 37 well pad in the Vermillion Basin of northwestern Colorado, features were discovered that were identified as part of sites 5MF6875 and 5MF7411. Feature 16 yielded a radiocarbon age of 5750 ± 40 BP and has been associated with nearby site 5MF6875. The other four features dated between 860 ± 30 BP and 1690 ± 30 BP. Pollen analysis was undertaken on fill from each of these features in an effort to identify...

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney. Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 5MF6875, located in the Vermillion Basin of Northwestern Colorado, yielded evidence of occupation between approximately 6470 BP and 7430 BP. Twelve basin hearths were sampled for pollen evidence of economic activity.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two pollen samples were collected and examined from Feature T-11212011-2C, which is a small rock mound that probably represents an agricultural feature on the island of Lanai’i, Hawai’i. The feature is situated on a soil-covered-lava-slope on the North Shore. Pollen analysis was undertaken to identify probable agricultural crops grown in this location.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 33Li1948, a small Middle Woodland occupation located in Licking County, Ohio, was sampled for pollen during Phase II site evaluation. Samples examined represent post molds, pits and possible pits, and control samples. Pollen analysis was used to identify vegetation growing in the vicinity of the site at the time of occupation and to search for evidence of economic activity.

DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney.

Two samples from cylindrilical deep basin hearths and one sample from a housepit floor from Carbon County, Wyoming were submitted for pollen analysis. The site, 48CR5699, consists of a multiple housepits and a community area located along a bench of an unnamed tributary of Muddy Creek in south central Wyoming.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Seven soil samples from Batacosa SON:S:7:2 in Sonora, Mexico, were examined for pollen. Six of these samples were collected stratigraphically from Perfil 1, and the seventh represents fill from a burial. Ceramic seriation for this site indicates that it was occupied between AD 200 and 1500 by people of the Huatabampo culture. Pollen analysis of the stratigraphic samples provides information concerning local plant communities and the paleoenvironment, including documenting plants available for...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two locations on a Payette River island were examined for pollen to document vegetation association with the sediments. This pollen record of vegetation was examined for evidence of both native plants and plants introduced during the Historic Era.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Excavations in the Casma Valley have been conducted for decades. Analysis of 20 pollen samples from the 2002 field season at Sechin Alto (C24) and Taukachi-Konkan (C23) reflects a very small portion of the efforts, thus far, to understand the lives of people living in this area. Evidence of Initial Period occupation was recovered. Pollen analysis was undertaken to provide additional information about the local vegetation and plant use than has been visible from the very extensive...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The New Fork Housepit Site (48SU5084) is located southwest of Boulder, Wyoming in the Green River Basin. Discovered in 2003, the site is situated along the New Fork River, and conventional radiocarbon dates at the site range from 5590 ± 40 BP to 5820 ± 50 BP. Several features were identified during excavation of 48SU5084. Pollen samples were examined from fill collected in the housepit (Feature 2) and eleven hearth features. Botanical identification was also conducted for two samples...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jaime Dexter.

Seven samples from hearth and posthole fill at the Shadow Site (48SW11618) in southwestern Wyoming were examined for pollen. The samples represent a Late Uinta Phase Prehistoric component, and radiocarbon testing of charcoal from Feature 1 returned a 2-sigma calibrated date of 1300 to 1170 B.P. (Beta-208787).

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Fill samples from two occupation periods at a site in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, were collected from hearths and analyzed. Radiocarbon dates obtained on charred remains from the hearths implied three separate use events at the site. Samples from Occupation 1 and Occupation 3 were sampled for pollen in search of evidence of plant processing activities.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Site 5LA6862, a south-facing rockshelter in the Dakota sandstone on the north side of Welsh Canyon, contained a small, natural, pocket-like cache in its back wall. The opening of this cache was covered with a thin and worn fragment of a metate that stood upright, blocking the entrance. Apparently rodents had gained access to the cache area, and it had been disturbed extensively by pack rats. Pollen analysis was undertaken in an effort to learn what, if any, plants were stored in this cache.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 8HN54 includes two former tree islands that exhibit middens and represents occupation between Glades I and late Glades II (Ad 500-1100). Stratigraphic samples collected from these two former tree islands in the Everglades were examined for pollen to obtain information concerning climate change and available plant resources.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Pollen analysis was conducted on 25 samples from site AZ N:7:81 (ASM), located on the Yavapai-Prescott Indian Reservation in Prescott, Arizona. The primary structure at this site was an above-ground masonry structure accompanied by an extensive trash midden and at least 2 burials. Occupation represents the Prescott culture and has not yet been dated at this site. A later rock ring structure was noted superimposed on the masonry structure. Check dams were observed on the south/southwest...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Four pollen samples from a column in a trench at site AZ:FF:10:74 in southeast Arizona were examined to provide paleoenvironmental and possible subsistence information. Samples from several hearths and roasting pits both within and outside a pit structure at site AZ:FF:12:59 were floated to obtain charred macrofloral remains for identification and AMS radiocarbon dating. In addition, two samples from postholes in the pit structure were analyzed for pollen and phytoliths. Macrofloral,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Eleven pollen samples were examined from two vertical units at site CA-SDI-48, a prehistoric site located in Pt. Loma adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. Stratigraphic pollen analysis was undertaken to identify prehistoric vegetation in this area. Radiocarbon ages indicate that the majority of the stratigraphic samples represent the time interval between approximately 4600 and 5700 or 6200 BP.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Stratigraphic pollen samples from two prehistoric sites in Eureka County, Nevada, located near the Humboldt River, were examined to provide information concerning vegetation growing at the time these sites were occupied. Site 26Eu3654, a small, dispersed lithic scatter was located on an alluvial fan south of the Humboldt River, while site 26Eu3655, another dispersed lithic scatter, was situated on a small knoll south of the river. Five pollen samples were examined from each site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Two pollen samples from two sites within the Cuatro Vientos project area south of Laredo in Webb County, Texas were examined. These samples represent features described as an intact rock-lined hearth and a distinct burned rock cluster.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Pollen analysis was conducted on stratigraphic and feature samples from six sites along the Wyoming segment of the Express Pipeline. Analysis of stratigraphic samples was undertaken to provide paleoenvironmental information and a description of vegetation during occupations of these various sites. Analysis of feature samples should provide evidence of plant processing. These six sites are located within various vegetation communities along a north-south axis to central Wyoming, then east to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Samples from three archaeological sites in southwestern Wyoming were examined for pollen and/or starch to identify plants that might have been processed. One of the samples submitted represents the modem surface, and acts as a control for interpreting the other samples.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The La Lomita site (AZ U:9:67) and the Germann site (AZ U:10:2) are large Hohokam Village sites located in modern-day Phoenix, Arizona. Both areas have undergone repeated archaeological investigations. The La Lomita site represents occupation from at least the late Santa Cruz through middle Sacaton phases, while the Germann Site dates to the late Pioneer through Classic periods. Pollen analysis at these sites is limited to five samples from the La Lomita site and two samples from the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Stratigraphic pollen analysis was undertaken at both CA-SDI-316 and CA-SDI-4935 to identify past vegetation. In addition, pollen analysis can contribute to an evaluation of the degree of disturbance of deposits containing cultural materials because pollen from plants introduced during the historic era is usually very visible in the upper portion of stratigraphic columns in much of western California. Introduced Eucalyptus and Brassicaceae pollen are expected to be important in evaluating...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney. Kathryn Puseman.

Stratigraphic pollen analysis was undertaken at sites CA-SDI-316, CA-SDI-317, and CASDI-4935B, located within the C. W. Harris Site Archaeological District of the Starwood Project Area in Santa Fe Valley, to identify past vegetation. Pollen samples were collected at 10 cm intervals. In addition, pollen analysis can contribute to an evaluation of the degree of disturbance of deposits containing cultural materials because pollen from plants introduced during the historic era is usually very...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Single samples were submitted for pollen analysis from sites FB 9330 and FB 9324, as well as Geoarchaeological Trench 1. Samples represent A-horizons at these three locations. Pollen analysis was conducted to identify vegetation at the time these A-horizons formed. No dates are associated with these A-horizons.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Ten samples were examined for starch and pollen from nine archaeological sites in the Las Vegas Wash of southern Nevada. These samples represent features of cleared areas in desert pavement. Pollen and starch analysis was conducted in an effort to determine whether these cleared areas were cultural or natural. If they were cultural areas, raw foodstuffs might have been placed or perhaps stored in these locations.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Four sites on Dutton Plateau and the extreme southern portion of the San Juan Basin were sampled for pollen. Site LA110315 is a Pueblo II site situated in a broad valley on the Dutton Plateau. Sites LA110325, LA110326, and LA110327 represent Basketmaker occupations, and are situated in the southernmost portion of the San Juan Basin near tributaries of Indian Creek. Seven pollen samples were examined from storage pits and pithouses in an effort to identify native and cultivated plants used...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

The Solomons Creek Site is situated in the flood plain along the north bank of Solomons Creek in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Pollen samples were collected from three different units to provide stratigraphic records of the paleoenvironment.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen samples recovered during the 1990 excavations were analyzed from floor contacts and features in Areas 1, 2, 3, 5, arel 8 at the Dutch Canal Ruin. Pollen analysis was conducted to obtain evidence for economic activities involving plants. Specific questions identified in the research designed for this project will be addressed by archaeobotanic studies (SWCA, Inc. 1989:46)

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Pollen analysis on the Beeline Highway Archaeological Project was oriented toward identifying the presence of prehistoric agave. In addition, concentrations of cholla pollen were sought. This analysis concentrated on the identification of subsistence-related pollen as an aid in the interpretation of subsistence activities of the prehistoric occupants.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Four sediment samples and a single ground stone from the Big Chico Creek Ecological Reserve were submitted for pollen and starch analysis. This area is part of the Chico State BCCER project. The sediment samples represent individual levels and comprise an informal stratigraphic record. Pollen analysis was undertaken to document prehistoric vegetation during the time represented by these sediments and to examine the metate surface for evidence of food processing.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

The Blue Point Site (48SW5734) contains a Pleistocene paleosol, an Alberta/Cody occupation, and other Archaic occupations. Radiocarbon ages from cultural features range from 9540 ± 40 BP to 7030 ± 210 BP. Stratigraphic pollen samples were collected from a column that contains deposits below the Pleistocene paleosol, which yielded a radiocarbon age of 12,110 ± 40 BP from bone collagen, well into Stratum II, above an Early Archaic occupation, estimated at 7200- 7300 BP. This stratigraphic...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

The Boots Site (32MZ732) is located in upland rolling hills dissected by deep woody draws leading to the Missouri River, which has been dammed to form Lake Sakakawea. A stratigraphic column with a base prior to BC 5700-5575, near the terminal end of the Paleo- Indian and transition to the Early Plains Archaic for this area, was examined to provide a record of vegetation. The vegetation record should coincide with paleoenvironmental conditions and provide information that may have influenced...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney. Jaime Dexter.

Five samples from an overlying peat and underlying silt and mud layers within the most recent surface rupture at the Burro Flats Trench Site northeast of the town of Banning in Southern California were submitted for pollen analysis. The analysis was performed in order to determine whether the rupture can be associated with the 1812 Wrightwood earthquake or the Coachella Valley earthquake, circa 1700.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A few sediment samples from Trench 40 and Core 2, outside a fishpond at the Coco Palms Site on Kaua’i, were examined for pollen and microcharcoal to provide information concerning use of this area during the past. Since the sediments were collected outside the fishpond, which had been dredged, they might represent earlier fishpond deposits from a time when the fishpond was larger than it is today. Radiocarbon ages returned for several samples indicate an age of 1440-1640 A.D. associated...