Society for Historical Archaeology 2015

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matt McGraw.

The mechanical din of the Industrial Revolution is not typically associated with 19th century Southern US plantation life.  However, the advances in science and technology resulting from the Industrial Revolution enabled the Louisiana sugar industry to flourish in spite of climatic restrictions.  Chatsworth Plantation (16EBR192) operated in East Baton Rouge Parish from the late 1830’s until the bankrupt plantation was sold at a Sheriff’s auction in 1928.  The Chatsworth Plantation sugar mill was...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Rowe.

The punk ethos is alive and well in collaborative archaeology, even if it is rarely acknowledged. Like punk, collaborative archaeology is committed to social change, minimally by giving voice to and enabling the participation of previously marginalized people in archaeological investigations. The types of on-the-ground operations involved with collaborative projects take more time and resources, and can be slower to produce the types of insights common in more traditional approaches to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Stephanie Koenig.

The American Civil War was a tumultuous period in history for the United States, forcing brother against brother in a battle over the secession of the Confederate States. To study the Civil War sailor, a wealth of archival information exists in the form of personal narratives. Like their ships, naval crews were very much a reflection of where they were built and supplied. This paper extracts evidence for shipboard life from these sources and seeks to contextualize the daily lives of sailors...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paul Belford.

This poster describes a recent community archaeology project in Telford, a new town created in the 1960s. The project began in 2010 and continues to 2014, and involves a wide range of community groups and others. Fieldwork focusses on the 'Town Park', a large area of public open space that contains a number of previously unexplored remains associated with 19th and 20th century industrialisation and de-industrialisation. So far the project has explored 19th century workers' housing, a 19th...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katherine D. Thomas.

Residents of Jackson, North Carolina in Northampton County have found what they believe to be an 18th century tavern site. The area was inhabited by the Tuscarora until the Tuscarora War ended in 1715, after which European settlers began to move into the region. The residents of Jackson believe this to be a tavern owned by Jeptha Atherton.  This research assesses this claim by comparing those artifacts to the artifacts at two other contemporary taverns: Dudley’s Tavern in Halifax, North Carolina...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Patricia Schwindinger.

The paper compares the relative speeds of British and Dutch vessels from 1750 to 1850, using data from the CLIWOC (Climatological Database of the World’s Oceans) database. Originally compiled to extend the available information on weather patterns back into the ‘pre-instrument’ period, the database also includes information on the ships that recorded the data. Average daily speeds and maximum recorded speeds were analyzed for 250 unique Dutch ships and 485 unique British ships in order to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David Gadsby. Dave Conlin.

In 2011, The National Park Service signed two international Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) on the management and protection of sites that lie within the park system, but are of interest or importance to foreign governments. The first, signed with the United Kingdom, provides specific protections for a particular resource, the wreck of the 18th-century frigate HMS Fowey. The second, signed with the government of the Kingdom of Spain, expresses the participants' mutual interest in wide variety...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christopher Dostal. Amy Borgens.

In the Gulf of Mexico in July of 2013, the research vessel E/V Nautilus sent the remotely operated vehicle Hercules down to a depth of over 1330m to survey and recover artifacts from an early 19th-century shipwreck known as the Monterrey A that had been surveyed the year before. They recovered more than 60 artifacts, all of which are currently being conserved and studied at the Texas A&M Conservation Research Laboratory. This paper presents a survey of the techniques currently being used to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tamara Holman.

Industrial landscapes can present a rather impersonal perspective due to their immense scale and emphasis upon technical processes.  Anthropological perspectives on technology nevertheless emphasize that all technological systems are socially constructed, drawing attention to the political and cultural considerations behind decision-making.  This paper utilizes a sociotechnical systems approach to investigate depression-era gold mining near Fairbanks, Alaska.  Attention is given to the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kathryn H Deeley.

Archaeologists have studied many different ways in which African Americans coped with the racist structures of the late 19th and early 20th centuries in America. One way in which this was done was through consumer choice as part of the capitalist market used to create African American consumer aesthetics. With this understanding, archaeologists can study how commodities were used to express internally imposed classes within the African American community. In this paper, the archaeological...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Madeleine A. Gunter.

European alloy copper artifacts are frequently found in sixteenth and seventeenth-century Native American archaeological sites across Virginia and North Carolina. Smith and Hally (2014) ask a simple yet important question about these items: How were they obtained by Native Americans? While historical documents suggest possible mechanisms for European copper distribution (including trade and tribute), the most important clues about these objects come from their archaeological contexts. This study...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Diane E. Wallman. Kevin Fogle.

This paper examines the results of zooarchaeological analysis completed on faunal remains from Witherspoon Island, a 19th century cotton plantation in South Carolina. This research contributes to a larger ongoing historical archaeological project exploring the lives of enslaved African-Americans and their descendants on the remote absentee plantation. To examine shifting food practices at the site, we present the results of the analysis of faunal remains recovered from two house and adjacent...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James Delgado. Jack Irion. Frank Cantelas. Frederick Hanselmann. Christopher Horrell. Amy Borgens. Susan Langley. Michael Brennan.

Archaeological assessment and limited test excavation of the Monterrey A shipwreck provides an initial characterization of an early 19th century armed vessel whose remains are comprised of articulated two-dimensional features as well as a substantial portion of seemingly well-preserved three dimensional hull remains of the copper-sheathed hull.  The form and lines of the hull are present, and with the various features, suggest that this armed vessel of approximately 200 tons was a two-masted...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Corey D. McQuinn.

Corduroy roads are an infrequently considered element of the American frontier landscape. A recent discovery of an 18th-century corduroy road along New York's border with Ontario suggests that corduroy roads have a great deal of research potential not only in archaeology, but also in ecology and the study of past landscapes. This paper examines the historical record of corduroy roads in newspapers and popular accounts. While corduroy roads are rarely well documented archaeologically, the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Georgia Fox.

The Betty’s Hope Field Project has been ongoing for the last eight years, and comprises two components:  ongoing research and the summer field school.  AS a 300-year-old sugar plantation on Antigua, Betty’s Hope offers a myriad of opportunities to explore plantation life and Caribbean archaeology.   Within the theme of this year’s SHA conference on boundaries and peripheries, the paper will address some of the exciting new developments and directions our research is taking us, and how it relates...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lori Johnston. Roy Cullimore.

In 2003, an experimental corrosion platform was placed at the bow of the German submarine, U-166. This platform incorporated fifteen coupons including high carbon, low carbon steel, aluminum, and copper along with oak and mahogany wood coupons. This platform was recovered in 2014 and evaluated for microbiologically influenced corrosion. During the eleven years of deep ocean placement, the oak coupons degraded in four to six years while the mahogany disappeared after ten years. Biomass was...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Marc Lorenc.

Exploring connections between critical race theory (CRT) and community-based participatory research (CBPR), the methodology outlined in this paper examines how archaeology can be both transformative and empowering through its involvement in civic engagement, critical pedagogy, and social activism. The paper examines various ways in which CRT can broaden our conception of materiality, accountability, inclusion, and collaboration through an analysis of systemic inequality and its varied effects on...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michelle M Pigott.

By the early 18th century, the Northern Gulf Coast was a nexus of cultural exchange; home to many displaced native peoples. After the destruction of their homeland of Tallahassee in 1704, the Apalachee became dispersed across the American Southeast, contacting numerous cultures including the Creeks, several Mobile Bay and Mississippi Valley Indian groups, and French and Spanish colonists. The Pensacola-Mobile region developed into a cultural borderland which facilitated creolization and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brandy Joy. Charles Cobb. Tammy Herron.

Irish émigré George Galphin established a trading post on the Carolina frontier in the mid-1700s. His skills working with Native Americans provided him considerable wealth through the deerskin trade. He was widely regarded among the Creek Nation, and he represented the Carolina colony on several occasions in major negotiations with Native American groups. Galphin parlayed his wealth into a considerable plantation on his trading post property, and his plantation at Silver Bluff became one of the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alexis Morris.

              This poster explores the effects of colonial influence on the diet of enslaved Africans through a study of James Fort in The Gambia. The research emphasizes the historical material in the collection as opposed to Eurocentric accounts. Analysis of the fauna at James Fort indicates that enslaved populations on the island were able to sustain their culture despite the introduction of European foodways. Methodologies included in this analysis of fauna through observing the frequency,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erin P. Riggs. Andrew H. Reagan. Matt L. Riggs.

This project investigates the material evidence of individual and City investment in the built landscapes of Oakland, California. Through virtual pedestrian survey, we have analyzed 1000 randomly selected home fronts, implementing a five-facet rating scale to document evidence of resident investment in diverse socio-economic areas. Results suggest that while residents throughout all areas of Oakland invest materially in their homes, they do so differently.  Those in higher income areas invest in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tom Connolly. Julia A. Knowles.

Upon reaching the Oregon Cascades, most Oregon Trail pioneers either rafted their wagons down the Columbia River or traveled the Barlow Road overland around the south side of Mt. Hood to the Willamette Valley, both treacherous options. Following the discovery of gold in eastern Oregon, reliable overland travel became an increasing priority, and the state appropriated resources in 1872 to build a wagon road through the Columbia River Gorge. Treacherous slopes, steep grades, and construction of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Luke J. Pecoraro.

This poster illustrates an enhanced comparative approach to understanding colonial projects by using the archaeological biography of Daniel Gookin Jr. (1612-1685), an important but relatively unknown figure involved in English plantation projects in Ireland, Virginia, Maryland, and Massachusetts.  The study of individual biography provides a framework from which to better situate archaeological sites of the seventeenth-century Chesapeake in the greater Atlantic world.  Through creating a broader...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Meredith Reifschneider.

This paper explores the relationship between Danish centrally administered healthcare policy and enslaved populations on the island of St. Croix, US Virgin Islands during the nineteenth century. During the period between 1803 and 1848, a series of plantation medical hospitals were constructed on the island in order to provide medical services to enslaved individuals in an effort to reduce mortality and morbidity rates. This paper will address the preliminary archaeological fieldwork stages of my...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paul White.

Despite decades of research at historic mines, archaeological forays in North America have seldom extended to investigate underground workplaces. The reasons are understandable: underground mines are hazardous environments, and it is also the case that fewer mines are accessible due to environmental remediation. The current underrepresentation of the underground, however, has limited disciplinary insights into the mining life. This paper draws from a set of pioneering studies that draw attention...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carroll J Scogin-Brincefield.

Dark Shadows of the Home-front During America’s World War II  Crystal City and Internment Carroll-Scogin-Brincefield MA  The textbooks and historical documentaries all discuss the shameful treatment of Japanese Americans being forced to relocation and internment camps during World War II, but selective amnesia concerning German and Italian Americans have left a void in the true history of internments in the United States. Texas had 21 POW camps and 3 Internment camps, that’s twice the amount of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Laura Bender.

Agency as reflected in the archeological record is a well-studied and disputed theme among archeologists.  Broad generalizations arise from these conversations resulting in an over-simplification of the conditions under which the record was created.  It is easy to paint the narrative that emerges in black and white terms.  Life in the United States was rarely that simple during the Indian boarding school area.  Oral histories show that employees and students alike had mixed feelings about their...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David A. Brown. Thane H. Harpole. Colleen Betti. Anna Hayden.

Fairfield Plantation's midden spans an historically complex period in Virginia's history (mid-18th-to-mid-19th century). This refuse deposit includes materials representating a cross section of the plantation's population, particularly those living in and near the 1694 manor house.  Although plowing in the late 19th and 20th century impacted the interpretive potential of the midden, all was not lost. DAACS cataloging of artifacts recovered from 138 five-foot-square test units within and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John D. Broadwater.

The Apollo Program received a high priority after President John F. Kennedy’s 1961 address to Congress declaring his support for "landing a man on the Moon" by the end of the decade. This ambitious goal was achieved on July 20, 1969, during the Apollo 11 Mission, when astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the Moon. On each mission the Saturn V first stage plunged into the Atlantic Ocean with its five enormous F-1 engines. In March 2013 a scientific team sponsored by Jeff Bezos,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert Church. Daniel Warren. Robert Westrick.

In 2013 and 2014, C&C Technologies, Inc. joined a multidisciplinary team to examine the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on deepwater shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico.  One of the primary components for C&C’s focus within this team was to collect AUV and ROV mounted 3D laser and sonar data of the wreck sites.  The shipwrecks ranged in date and type from nineteenth century wooden sailing vessels to twentieth century steel hull military and commercial vessels.  The water depths of these...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert Westrick. Daniel Warren. Robert Church. Leila Hamdan. Lisa A. Fitzgerald. Melanie Damour. Christopher Horrell. James D. Moore III. Roy Cullimore. Lori Johnston.

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico caused substantial perturbations within the coastal and marine environments.  In 2013, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and other partners initiated a multidisciplinary study to examine the effects of the spill on deepwater shipwrecks.  This poster presents an overview of the ongoing research into the microbial biodiversity and corrosion processes at wooden and metal-hulled shipwrecks within and outside the spill area.  This...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William S. Sassorossi.

The United States was not fully prepared for war in the Atlantic Ocean directly following the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.  Plans and resources were needed to counter Germany's U-boat operations that quickly followed the Japanese attack.  The U.S. Navy acquired ships of all types from both public and commercial sectors and adapted them for military use.  The focus of this study will be on converted fishing trawlers, specifically ones ultimately wrecked off of the coast of North...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew Reeves.

The plantation landscape of Montpelier is one that was rigorously defined by the Madison family.  Set within the mansion’s formal grounds and a model farm were the homes of the enslaved laborers who built and ran this plantation. Four years of excavations at half dozen homes of the enslaved community have revealed much in regard to how both the plantation owners and the enslaved community designed and laid out their homes within this constrained setting.  These include homes for enslaved...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jonathan M Haller. Ashley M Morton.

In 2014 Fort Walla Walla Museum performed a cultural resource survey of the City Hall Parking Lot in downtown Walla Walla, Washington. Archival research, namely Sanborn fire insurance maps, revealed this location to be a major locus of activity including a Chinatown from 1888 and up to around 1905. While Sanborn maps indicate an area in which many Overseas and American-born Chinese lived and ran businesses, other sources like city directories and federal census records show Walla Walla's...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James D. Moore III. Brian A. Jordan.

A combination of oceanographic processes continuously interact with exposed shipwreck hull surfaces.  Wood degradation primarily occurs when organisms break down cell structures, and marine borers and bacteria are the most common wood degraders found at shipwreck sites.  Wood degradation also depends on other factors including the tree species utilized, level of microbial activity, and site-specific environmental conditions.  In addition, the corrosion of steel-hulled shipwrecks does not occur...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lydia Wilson Marshall.

This paper uses two geographically disparate case studies to explore the roles of freedom and coercion in the lives of emancipated and self-emancipated people.  Comparative archaeologies of freedom have much to teach us about the robust and enduring legacies of slavery.  In mid- to late  19th-century Kenya, runaways (in Swahili, watoro) established independent settlements in the hinterlands after escaping enslavement on the coast.  In 1879, hundreds of so-called "Exodusters"— African-American...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dennis Lewarch.

Historians and anthropologists have reviewed the history of problems associated with delineating tribes and tribal territories in Western Washington, noting often uncritical acceptance of historic records at face value, such as failure to consider the context, goals, and cultural viewpoints of those generating records.  Such problems, unfortunately, persist in contemporary contexts where tribes create fictional histories to accommodate modern political and economic goals.  Here I review flawed...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David R. Watters.

Three and a half decades have passed since the author first observed the historic structures of Barbuda, a low-lying limestone island in the northern Lesser Antilles.  Natural and cultural processes, ranging from hurricanes to stone-robbing, have transformed these buildings, resulting in their structural integrity being compromised.  In many cases, architectural features that were observed as recently as twenty years ago no longer are extant because of the degree of deterioration.  Preserving...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Andrew R Beaupre.

With the increasing concentration in American archaeology on public education and outreach, archeologists are being asked to adapt educational programs to a number of different audiences. Perhaps the most critical of these is the middle schooler. Trapped between the basic skill development of primary school and the content heavy standards of high school, the contentious liminality of middle level education is combined with the turbulent years of adolescence to create an audience starved for...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Leah Stricker. Luke J. Pecoraro.

In January of 1785, George Washington began work to create a western vista that would be visible from his home based on European landscape design principles. This process included developing and redesigning the grounds around the mansion into a single system, reshaping the upper and lower gardens, laying out a bowling green, planting shrubberies and wildernesses, and planning walks around and through these elements. Archaeological investigations in the spring of 2014 focused on the north...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ryan A. Hodges. Kassandra B. Wines. Raynor M. Sebring. Molly M. Trosch. M'Elise F. Salomon. Elizabeth I. Parker. Megan A. Hickey. Anthony M. Cahusac. Lauren T. Greaves. Dorothy H. Trigg.

This poster displays the data found from a phase 1 archaeological survey of a mid-19th century plantation kitchen in Salem, Virginia. The survey was conducted in 2014 by students in Dr. Kelley Deetz's archaeology of slavery course at Roanoke college as well as Tom Klatka from Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Data shows a thick kitchen midden and the artifacts highlight plantation life in the Roanoke Valley. This project is on the Roanoke College campus and will develop into a public...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark Freeman.

The open data movement, inter-site analysis, and the desire for public outreach are encouraging archaeologists to share data, as well as results. Yet the history of archaeological collections provides concerns about access and preservation that extend to managing digital assets. This paper will examine the availability of digital archaeological data in Virginia, based on a recent survey, and examine the strengths and weaknesses of different models of archaeological data publication.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael Hess. Aliya R. Hoff. Dominique Meyer. Dominique Rissolo. Luis Leira Guillermo. Jeffrey Glover. Fabio Esteban Amador. Andrew Vaughn. Falko Kuester.

Located on the remote northeastern tip of the Yucatan Peninsula sits the 16th century church at Ecab, thought to be the first church in Mexico, which is in a fragile state of decay and in need of documentation and conservation. The church as well as the curate's house have been abandoned since 1644 and have both survived centuries of hurricanes and erosion.  The site, also referred to as Boca Iglesias, was a remote encomienda in colonial Mexico and still remains isolated today on a coastal rise...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alexis K Ohman. Catherine C Davis.

Betty’s Hope was a sugar plantation that operated from 1664 through 1944 in Antigua, West Indies. For the majority of that time it was owned by the Codrington family, who were already prominent in the Caribbean due to their success in enhancing the sugar industry in Barbados. This trend continued when they moved to Antigua to take possession of Betty’s Hope in 1671. Since 2007, archaeological investigations have revealed much about the plantation. Current research has turned to digital...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jaroslava M Pallas. Sarah Beste.

This poster presents preliminary analysis of the recently cleaned and catalogued faunal remains from one of the features of the Detroit Renaissance excavation as part of the Unearthing Detroit project at Wayne State University. Unearthing Detroit began as a project to "excavate" our own storage room Grosscup Museum collection. The faunal remains from a privy unit feature from Section J, Level 1 will be focus of analysis. The analysis includes cleaning and preservation methods, examining...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Genevieve Godbout.

This paper examines practices of hospitality and convivial dining at the Betty’s Hope plantation, Antigua, between 1783 and 1904. Dinner parties are codified social gatherings that gained popularity in Britain during the eighteenth century, in the context of class emulation and the emergence of consumerism.  Dinner parties figure consistently in accounts of plantation life in the Caribbean, whether in the often satirical and deprecating written accounts of contemporary visitors, or in common...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kimberly A Trickett.

For the past four years the Montpelier Archaeology Department has focused its research on the late-18th and early-19th-century enslaved community representing field hands, domestic servants, and skilled laborers and artisans. This paper will focus on the ceramic assemblages excavated from those areas and will discuss similarities and differences in decorative styles, vessel forms, and ceramic types using a vessel-based analysis. Decorative styles commonly found on white refined earthenwares will...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jack Irion. Frank Cantelas. Amy Borgens. James Delgado. Frederick H Hanselmann. Christopher Horrell. Michael L Brennan.

Roughly 200 years ago, three sailing ships met apparently violent ends in the northern Gulf of Mexico nearly 320 kilometers southeast of Galveston, crashing to the bottom over 1300 meters below.  The three ships were very different: one likely a topsail schooner, fast and armed; one a small merchantman, its hold packed with bales of hides; and the third, the largest, empty of cargo, but sheathed in copper and possibly outfitted for a transatlantic voyage.  These three vessels were among the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Thomas E. Beaman.

Located in southeastern North Carolina, Wilmington was one of the most active trans-Atlantic ports for Confederate blockade runners during the American Civil War.  Second only to Charleston, it was also the most heavily fortified port on the Atlantic Coast.  Four primary forts—Johnston, Caswell, Fisher, and Anderson—were seated along the Lower Cape Fear River between Wilmington and the Atlantic Ocean to protected the port and its brisk trade of blockade running.  While early investigations began...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mary Furlong.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries wealthy American households relied on domestic labor for the running of the home. In the Northeast, this labor was provided by European immigrants, who often moved from job to job seeking better opportunities. While in the South, African Americans continued to perform the same work many had performed under slavery, often staying in the same geographical region as their family and former owners.  In Northern Virginia, these two forms of domestic labor...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jamie J Devine. Delfin A Weis.

The archaeology of childhood has developed over the past two decades, however the full depth of this field of study has not been explored. Prior to the late 1800s, over half the population of the United States was under the age of 20. Toys and artifacts associated with children are often overlooked and marginalized in the archaeological record. It is through children that culture is taught, altered, and created. Childhood is a period of time when personhood is malleable and can be influenced....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jessica L Goodwin.

In 2012, an abandoned well was discovered beneath the porch at the Cyrus Jacobs-Uberuaga House in Boise, Idaho. The house, now a part of the Basque Museum and Cultural Center, is already a cultural and historical landmark, both for its importance to Boise’s early history and its Basque population. The nearly 16,000 artifacts recovered in 2012 shed light on the house’s earliest occupation by the Jacobs family, from 1864-1907. The Jacobs were one of the founding families of Boise and helped shape...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carter C. Hudgins.

Recent research has exposed how Drayton Hall (c.1738) was conceived by wealthy planter John Drayton to operate as a gentleman’s suburban estate at the center of his vast network of commercial plantations that stretched across South Carolina and Georgia.  Drawing from extant architecture, archaeological evidence, landscape features and surviving documentary records, this study will further our knowledge of one of South Carolina’s greatest plantation networks by examining the social, economic and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only James A. Nyman.

French colonial Fort Rosalie, situated in present day Natchez, Mississippi, was the site of intimate cross cultural exchange. Living in the frontier at a distant outpost of the Louisiana colony, the soldiers felt comfortable incorporating Indigenous foods into their diets, eating from Natchezan vessels, and even taking Native wives. Far from idyllic however, the European and Indigenous inhabitants of the Natchez Bluffs were swept up in larger paradoxes of globalization spurred by increasing...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Patrick H. Garrow.

Most of the sites we investigate have architectural remains, middens, and features. Artifacts collected from middens often span the history of the site. Features may represent frozen moments in time, but rarely reflect the total material culture of the household and contain artifacts that have been removed from their household and discarded. The site discussed in this paper contains a residence that was destroyed by fire during the second decade of the twentieth century. The house was occupied...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sean E Devlin.

The role educational programs in the post-emancipatory context is an issue that archaeologists tend to categorize as a disciplinary practice in the Foucaultian sense, where instruction, with its material manifestations as archaeological evidence, were a means to impose control over the former slaves in the new labor system. By adapting the ideas of De Certeau, we can complicate our understanding of how practice was used both strategically by those in power and tactically by the former slaves....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mateusz Polakowski.

The warships that took part in the Battle of the Egadi Islands (241 BC) were highly specialized and advanced ramming warships, yet our understanding of these vessels is limited to vague historical accounts, artistic depictions, and sparse archaeological evidence.  The Egadi Islands Survey Project, a joint project of the Soprintendenza del Mare - Sicily and RPM Nautical Foundation aims to survey and excavate the battle site in order to understand the events of the Egadi Islands Battle. This study...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Montserrat A. Osterlye.

In 1776, Spain sent thirty families from what is now Mexico to establish El Presidio de San Francisco as the northernmost outpost of their empire. Presidial soldiers defended adjacent Catholic missions and policed California Indians in the San Francisco Bay Area. The historical record is largely silent on the lives of colonial families and their relationships with indigenous people. This paper summarizes research at the archaeological site of El Presidio de San Francisco since its discovery in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert Schuyler.

Most places and people who have existed in world history have left few if any primary or personal records (archtectural descriptions, ground plans, inventories, personal letters, journals, diaries, or memoirs). The excavation of a standard 19th Century saloon in Utah and the biography of its owner serve as an example of how multiple ranges of information can be used to reconstruct many average past institutions on both a physical and human level. Only one saloon owner on the Western frontier...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Piotr T Bojakowski. Katie Bojakowski. Perry Naughton. Michael Bianco. Antonella Wilby.

Excavated and recorded in 1989-1990, the two 19th-century submerged barges of the Emerald Bay require continuous attention and monitoring. Located along the south-west shoreline of the Lake Tahoe, California, the barges are of a considerable archaeological, historical, and recreational significance in the area. As they are also part of the interpreted shipwreck site within the California State Parks system, the goal of this 2014 survey was to perform a non-disturbance assessment of the site to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only L. Meghan Dennis.

In 1835, Carmel Baptist Church was established in the rural town of BrickStore, Georgia. Though not a large settlement by modern standards, Carmel drew from a dense population and was located in a built-up and developed area. Only 16 years later, the church combined with another congregation and instead of staying in BrickStore, the new Carmel Baptist Church was moved outside of the settled zone and into an unpopulated area marked only by the junction of two country roads.  The cemetery...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katherine L Brewer.

Personal identity, while always fluid, was especially so in the borderlands that made up seventeenth-century Spanish Florida due to the collision of many different cultures within the colonial system. The Spanish missions set up by the Franciscans who travelled to the frontier of Spanish territory in Florida served as places wherein the Apalachee, the Guale, and the Timucua could negotiate issues of identity such as gender, social status, and age. Analysis of cemetery populations excavated from...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Joss R. Whittaker.

The Aru Islands of the Maluku region in eastern Indonesia have received little attention from historical archaeologists. However, Aruese people and products played a significant role in Maluku before and after European contact. Aruese trade in staples and luxuries often intersected with much larger, better-known trade networks. Each of these larger networks has left a mark on Aruese culture. In this paper, an archaeological survey and an examination of Aru’s post-contact history reveal important...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katherine M.W. Hall. Anna Antoniou. Jess Beck. Jason De León.

Since 1998, the remains of over 2,500 undocumented migrants have been recovered along the Arizona-Mexico border. Many of these remains are unidentified due to the rapid rate of decomposition, the disarticulation and dispersal of skeletons by animals, and the tendency of many migrants to travel without identification. In this paper we examine the nexus of taphonomic and political processes and actors that influence the decomposition, recovery, and identification of migrant bodies as well as...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael Polk.

The Central Pacific Railroad was completed in May 1869 due, in large part, to the work of thousands of ethnic Chinese railroad workers. After the railroad was complete, it was necessary to upgrade the railroad and carry out maintenance on the far flung transportation network. Railroad documents, previous excavations of ethnic Chinese worker camps in Nevada and recently recorded camps near Promontory Summit, Utah, show that Chinese workers continued to be employed for decades after 1869. It is...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David Buckley.

The recent archaeological excavations along the former San Francisco waterfront have provided important insights into the cultural and ethnic identity of waterfront residents and maritime workers in 19th-century San Francisco. Excavations from 201 Folsom Street, 300 Spear Street, and relating to the Transbay Terminal (Block 6) have provided archaeological evidence that can be connected with residents involved in a variety of occupations related to maritime commerce. Historical documents,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Richard W. Rogers.

Pacific Cartography establishes three discoveries of the Hawaiian Archipelago during the 16th century. Spanish records note Manila Galleons missing with no trace in the late 16th century and again around 1700. Dutchmen suffered desertion of crewmembers, at islands in the central Pacific at 16 degrees north, in the year 1600 AD. Hawaiian tradition specifically mentions two shipwrecks, with female survivors, and is rife with stories of visitors, many of whom became prominent citizens in an...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Beatrix Arendt. Devin Floyd. Crystal L. Ptacek.

The Joiner’s Shop at Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello was the structure in which highly-skilled free and enslaved craftsmen manufactured decorative woodwork and furniture for Jefferson’s mansion during the late-18th and early-19th centuries.  While the Joiner’s Shop is the largest structure on Mulberry Row, the center of work and domestic life at the Plantation, little is known regarding its construction history, whether the space was divided based on work and domestic activities, or how the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mark A Trickett.

From the timber-framed homes in the South Yard for domestic servants to the log cabins of the Stable and Field Slave Quarters, the housing for the enslaved community at Montpelier mirrored that found on many plantations in the Mid-Atlantic region. Recent excavations at an agricultural structure--the Tobacco Barn--produced a domestic assemblage that suggests the co-option of work structures for temporary worker housing. This paper explores the evidence for variable-duration housing at Montpelier...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert DeMuth.

While racial inequality was frequently the norm in many early 20th century communities, several historians have noted that many central Appalachian coal mining ‘company towns’ tended toward more equitable white/black race relations.  The progressive nature of these histories is opposed to our modern stereotypes of the region, and may provide and important outlet for positive narratives of Appalachia.  This paper draws largely on oral histories and documentary evidence to understand the processes...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Thomas F. Beasley.

Underwater Archaeology started soon after scuba diving began in the early 1950s. For about the next 20 years, divers began to discover, document and analyze shipwrecks. In the early 1970s, those divers began to form groups to work on larger projects and to learn about archaeology. At about the same time, archaeolgy at universities began to offer courses and the discipline of underwater archaeolgy took root. Some of the avocational groups such as the Nautical Archaelogy Society and the Underwater...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bradford Botwick.

Investigations of an African American slave and freedpeople settlement near Savannah, Georgia revealed the sequence of its internal organization between its establishment as a plantation slave quarter in the 1820s and its abandonment at the end of the century.  Reconstruction of the quarter's layout suggested that at the time of its establishment, houses were arranged in an informal cluster according to principles the slaves established. Later in the antebellum period, the quarter took on a...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nicholas J. Nelson-DeLong.

The study of privateers during the War of 1812 and Baltimore Schooners are directly linked to one another because it was during this time that the swift sailing vessel reached the pinnacle of its design, which provided the means for America’s private navy to be successful. The purpose of this essay is to examine the Baltimore Schooner during the War of 1812 and the replica ships Lynx and Pride of Baltimore II, to better understand maritime material culture both then and now. The replica...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carol Poplin.

In 1720, Scotsman Alexander Nisbett boarded a ship bound for Charles Town. Three thousand miles away, captive Africans were forced onto ships bound for a place unknown to them. The lives of Europeans and Africans converged in South Carolina. At a place called Dean Hall, Alexander Nisbett and his enslaved laborers built a plantation to grow rice. Two hundred and eighty years later archaeologists came to the site of the old plantation to unearth the history of the people who created Dean Hall. ...

DOCUMENT Citation Only C. Andrew Buchner.

  The town of Jacksonport, Arkansas was established in the late 1830s near the confluence of the White and Black rivers, and rose to prominence during the 1850s to 1870s as a key steamboat town and as the Jackson County seat.  However, after being bypassed by the railroad the town declined and by 1892, it was largely deserted.   In 2009, the planned construction of a collection management facility lead to data recovery excavations within two town lots, as well as the recovery of detailed...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michelle D. Sivilich.

The field of conflict archaeology has begun embracing KOCOA as a regular part of battlefield analysis. However, I argue KOCOA can be further expanded to include indirect expressions of warfare and incorporate them into a meaningful discussion of their role in the outcome of conflict. To accomplish this, I develop a model that allows for the investigation of hypotheses about decision-making processes and their effectiveness using the Second Seminole War (1835-1842) in Florida as a case study. In...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah C Heffner.

Chinese laborers on the North American transcontinental railroads performed dangerous and labor-intensive work, and many died or were seriously injured as a result of explosions, cave-ins, and severe and unpredictable weather. These workers received meager wages and may have faced additional health risks from ethnic violence and malnutrition. Little is known about how these individuals treated their injuries and ailments and, to this date, not a single document written by a Chinese railroad...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Heffner.

Chinese laborers on the North American transcontinental railroads performed dangerous and labor-intensive work, and many died or were seriously injured as a result of explosions, cave-ins, and severe and unpredictable weather. These workers received meager wages and may have faced additional health risks from ethnic violence and malnutrition. Little is known about how these individuals treated their injuries and ailments and, to this date, not a single document written by a Chinese railroad...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kaitlin Scharra. Krysta Ryzewski. Kate E Korth. Samantha Malette. Mark Jazayeri. C. Lorin Brace.

Over the past year, members of the Unearthing Detroit project at Wayne State University have created digital and public initiatives to increase project outreach.  We presented Detroit archaeology to local schools, invited the public to a special outreach day during our local field school excavation, and provided opportunities to volunteer in the museum and lab.  Our concurrent digital outreach materials include a webpage, a weekly blog, and an interactive social media platform.  The integration...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mary Anne Davis. Susie Osgood.

The Boise National Forest and the Idaho City Historical Foundation formed a partnership to restore the Pon Yam Store to its original character as a nineteenth century Chinese merchant’s shop, and adapt the building for use as a museum and research center.  An opportunity to excavate under the floor boards in the store by FS archaeologists and volunteers provided a look at artifacts not usually found in archaeological sites due to a lack of preservation.  Firecrackers, incense sticks, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Heather Trigg. Kyle W. Edwards.

Reshaping the settlement landscape is a significant aspect of the colonial encounter in that it provided the ecological context for social interactions. In the American Southwest, the Spaniards’ introduction of Eurasian plants and animals as well as new land use practices had a profound effect on the physical and cultural environment. We use palynological data from a 500-year period that illustrates both the impact of indigenous Pueblo peoples’ engagement with the pre-colonial landscape as well...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ericha Sappington.

By the end of the eighteenth-century, the boundaries of Spain’s La Florida territory were informally defined by a series of outposts ranging west from St. Augustine to Pensacola. These outposts were strategically placed in order to secure supplies and regulate trade while maintaining Spanish-Indian relations in the territorial borderlands. Within these borderlands lay the fortified port of San Marcos de Apalache, initially established in 1677 in order to monitor the shipment of supplies from...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jordan E Pickrell.

Popular depictions of cowboys and Indians on an open range downplay the complex processes involved in the settlement of the American West. An archaeological study in Bent County, Colorado examines the county as a microcosm of the American West and reveals valuable information about the development of urban communities on the frontier. This paper analyzes documents written by and about families living in the county between 1862 and 1888. Personal journals of settlers and visitors are juxtaposed...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jacqueline Y. Cheung.

Approximately 60 Modoc warriors and their families occupied and held off over 600 U.S. Army soldiers and volunteers at Captain Jack’s Stronghold during the 1872-1873 Modoc War. A 2008 wildfire revealed a remarkably intact Indian War battlefield that includes Modoc and U.S. Army camp areas, stacked rock fortifications and artillery emplacements. The 2008-2010 archaeological survey identified, mapped, and documented hundreds of features and artifacts, which provide insights into how the Modocs...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ann E. Danis.

Is sensory archaeology queer archaeology? This paper uses examples from the historic archaeology of confinement and enculturation to explore the potential of a sensory approach as a queer methodology. The primacy of vision has been challenged by both sensory archaeologists and queer theorists, and both acknowledge a multiplicity and fluidity of the senses. Envisioning a multi-sensorial subject allows archaeologists to approach the queerness of individual and group experience outside the confines...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Suzanne Spencer-Wood.

Research on landscapes of colonization and colonialism has been predominantly ungendered. Feminist post-colonial theories and research have revealed the centrality of gender and sexual systems and power dynamics in the formation of landscapes of colonization and colonialism.  Colonization involves what I call external colonialism, involving invasion and territorial conquest, which was a gendered and sexual landscape process called the conquest of women by the Spanish, and involving English...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sean E McMurry.

In 2012-2014, AMEC successfully balanced the needs of the National Park Service (NPS), the Presidio Trust, and regulators to preserve historic resources, maintain public relations, engineer safe and effective solutions, and address environmental concerns during remediation activities to remove contaminated soil at the Presidio of San Francisco, a NHLD and NRHP-listed property. For over 150 years, the Presidio, located near the Golden Gate Bridge, was used by the U.S. Army to protect San...

DOCUMENT Citation Only E. Nadia Kline.

During the summer of 2014, a group of archaeologists, volunteers, and students excavated at a former house site at Strawbery Banke Museum in Portsmouth, NH. Archaeological excavation was undertaken with the goal of locating a mikveh (Jewish ritual bath) in the basement. Physical evidence of this important component of Jewish community life and ethnic identity was undocumented, and the only proof of its existence was from oral histories.  A former resident of the house still living in Portsmouth...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Glenn J. Farris.

At the Russian American Company settlement of Fort Ross on the California Coast was a village housing a vibrant community of Russians, Native Californians, Native Alaskans, and Creoles. Using a drawing of the village made in 1841, along with various visitors’ accounts and inventories of the settlement, we are able to reconstruct a partial image of this community. However, in order to locate the old village on the ground, a composite research group of students and professors from UC Berkeley,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lori Lee.

In the context of enslavement, supply constrained individual expression and consumer choice at varying scales. Within a plantation household, supply took the form of provisions selected by the master for enslaved laborers. At the scale of local markets and stores, supply and variable adherence to laws constrained which goods were available to slaves who were able to purchase or trade for them. In this paper, I synthesize historical and archaeological evidence to consider how supply and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robyn P Woodward.

Every empire needs an ideology, and the Spanish Crown and the Catholic Church found their sense of justifying mission in the obligations to uphold and extend their faith and by extension a civilized way of life.   Lacking lucrative mineral resources, Jamaica was destined to become the first primarily agricultural colony established by the Spanish during the contact period. Founded in 1509 as the capital of the island, Sevilla la Nueva prospered briefly as a supply base for other Spanish...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Douglas W. Sanford. Andrew P. Wilkins.

Studies of plantation landscapes often focus either on the siting of mansions, quarters, and other structures across the plantation at a large scale by the owner, or attempts by the enslaved to exert control over the small-scale spaces of their own houses and yards.  This paper adds to the consideration of how examining and comparing small-scale landscapes can contribute to a discussion of the creation and negotiation of intermingled racial and class-based boundaries within plantation contexts. ...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jeff Enright. Joseph J Grinnan. Matthew Hanks. Ray Tubby. Nick Linville.

SEARCH, in partnership with Alabama Port Authority and other local, state, and federal agencies, conducted a maritime archaeological assessment of Mobile Bay, Alabama, including archival research and a marine remote sensing survey. As a result of this investigation, archaeologists documented numerous navigational obstructions placed in upper Mobile Bay during the American Civil War. These obstructions consist of shipwrecks, bricks, and wood pilings. This Confederate obstruction provides a unique...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Olivia P. Waterhouse. Polina Hristova. Andrea Dantus. Marcela Dorfsman-Hopkin. Jason De León.

While crossing the desert clandestinely, migrants routinely experience a broad range of physical injuries including dehydration, hyperthermia, exhaustion, cuts, bruises, and blisters, all of which are conceptualized by federal law enforcement to act as forms of deterrence.  Drawing on a combination of interviews with migrants and experimental research on hiking injuries, we highlight the many ways that the desert hurts people and the various coping strategies that border crossers have developed....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Amber J Grafft-Weiss.

Extensive excavation at Kingsley Plantation (within the Timucuan Ecological and Historical Preserve National Park in Jacksonville, Florida) has yielded a wealth of data through which to interpret the lifeways of enslaved Africans who lived and worked there between 1814 and the Civil War.  Located on Fort George Island, Kingsley Plantation offered an environment rich in terrestrial as well as estuarine faunal resources.  Through preliminary analysis of faunal samples collected from cabin...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Massimiliano Secci. Massimiliano Secci.

Since their invention computers have affected, influenced and often eased several processes in archaeological research. Photogrammetry has long being exploited in underwater archaeology for recording in situ underwater cultural heritage. Moreover, the opportunities offered by computer vision are now being tested and fully exploited by archaeologists and heritage researchers. The present paper discloses the results of a test produced with two softwares combining Structure from Motion and Image...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Martin ELOUGA.

Shortly after settling in the upper Mbam catchment due to migration which took them from the Adamawa highlands to their current habitat, the Tikars faced attacks from neighboring and distant ethnic groups. The fortifications that encircle the chiefdoms created indicate the conflicts that marred relations with other social groups. These fortifications which could be seen as factors of reconfiguration of space in the chiefdoms, were temporal borders put in place to ensure the safety of property...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Daniel Brown.

This paper presents the final report of the Corolla Wreck, North Carolina's oldest ship remains. Included is a historical archaeological analysis of the wooden structural remains comprising just ten partial frames and less than two dozen associated artifacts. 

DOCUMENT Citation Only April Kamp-Whittaker.

During World War II thousands of Japanese American families were relocated from the west coast to the interior of the United States. Internment along with rampant racism and cultural stereotyping focused public attention on individuals of Japanese descent in this county and raised questions about identity and national allegiance. Research from Amache, the internment camp located in Colorado, is used to explore issues of children’s national identity and broader understanding of the war. ...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael C Bumsted.

Historians and archaeologists in North America have expended much energy studying the fur trade.  The role which beaver played in this is especially well discussed, and the importance that it had to European expansion into the North American interior has been thoroughly examined.  The same cannot be said for what happened to the goods Europeans acquired once they took them back to Europe.  Beaver, and the other Hudson’s Bay Company imports, had social and economic impacts on the British end of...