PaleoResearch Institute

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Five sediment samples from two cores collected at site GA426, located approximately 31 miles offshore near Galveston, Texas, were examined for pollen. The site is on an old river terrace that is now submerged in an estuary or back bay. The site is a possible Paleoindian site that is expected to date to between approximately 9,000 and 10,000 BP. The area was above water during the last glacial maximum and was subsequently submerged in the range of 8,400 to 10,000 BP (Patrick Hesp, personal...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Ttao pollen samples were examined representing cultural zones from a stratigraphic column at 41RT267. These sanples represent a Late Prehistoric occupation (post-900 AD) and a Late Archaic occupation (500 BC-AD 900). Pollen analysis was conducted on these two sanples to determine whether full-scale investigation of the stratigraphic column is justified.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two daub samples, possibly representing roofing material, were recovered from within a granary at site 5RB705 in northwestern Colorado. The granary is believed to date to ca. 1,000 BP. Daub samples were analyzed for pollen to determine the origin of the mud used to plaster the granary.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Eight sites along the Mapco pipeline trench in southwestern Colorado were selected for pollen analysis. These sites represent BM III to P II occupations from Dove Creek on the northwest to a point 3 km west of Dolores, as well as a single site near Durango.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Site FA 2-13 is an Archaic or Basketmaker II open campsite located in the Farmington Glade Arroyo system. The site is situated on a stabilized sand dune on the west side of a sandstone cliff in a microecotone between the pinyon and juniper vegetation and the scrub-grassland of the bottom of the Farmington Glade Arroyo where various grasses, sagebrush (Artemisia), rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus), and snakeweed (Gutierrezia--a high-spine Compositae) predominate. Water is currently available only...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site AZ T:4:97(ASM) appears to represent a limited Hohokam occupation sometime during the Sacaton Phase or Sedentary (AD 950-1150) . Feature 1 is an L-shaped rock alignment surrounded by a relatively dense artifact concentration. A single pollen sample was collected for analysis from this feature in an effort to obtain information concerning any potential economic activity in this area.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen samples from the modern environment were evaluated to provide control for interpreting the pollen record associated with hearth 91-1 at Site 48YE380 in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. This hearth contained large concentrations of charcoal, and yielded a radiocarbon age of 2020 + 50 BP. Pollen samples were examined from soil outside the hearth, as well as from hearth fill, to determine any subsistence activities carried out in this basin-shaped hearth.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48SU379 is situated approximately 17 miles southwest of the town of Pinedale, Wyoming in the northern portion of the Green River Basin and approximately 1,000 ft south of the New Fork River on a high terrace overlooking the New Fork floodplain. The site consists of a significant lithic scatter of debitage and thermally altered rock. Fill and groundstone samples from several features present within the site were submitted for pollen analysis. The goal of the analysis was to identify foods...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Fill from four features at four different sites in the Dutch John Privatization Survey was examined to identify any potential that these features were used to process biscuit root. The features all represent Archaic occupations in Ashley National Forest near Vernal, Utah. Combined pollen and starch granule analysis was undertaken to identify use of the features because processing biscuit root can leave information both in the form of Apiaceae pollen and recovery of starch granules typical...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Twenty extramural pits at the Krueger site (NAI9,765) in southern Arizona were examined for pollen. This Classic period Hohokam site may represent either a small village that was permanently inhabited or a seasonally reoccupied camp that appears to have been occupied during the Soho phase (AD 1100-1200).·A·variety of plant/food processing activities are assumed to have been undertaken at this site. Three research questions have been posed for the pollen (and macrofloral) analysis at this...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen analysis was undertaken on five samples from four archaeological sites in the Naval Activities Ordinance Annex. Several rivers run through this hilly area, and the sites examined for pollen evidence are associated with the Maemong and Bonya Rivers. Pollen analysis examined four sites to obtain information concerning prehistoric vegetation at the time of occupation. All four sites exhibit at least some evidence of prehistoric occupation that ranges in time from late Transitional...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 5GN810 is located approximately four miles southeast of the town of Gunnison in the mountains of central Colorado. Three hearths dating between 5690 and 1460 B.P. were sampled for pollen analysis. Pollen was examined from the fill of these features to assist in identifying subsistence activities.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Twenty sediment samples collected from agricultural terraces at Wawakiki along the southern coast of Peru in the Department of Moquegua. Four different time periods are represented at this site, dating from the Early Ceramic (extending to approximately AD 700- 800), the Chiribaya (AD 800-1350), the Early Spanish Colonial Period (AD 1600-1750), and finally the Late Spanish Colonial/Early Modern Era (AD 1750-1900). Although Wawakiki is one of a series of spring-fed agricultural systems north...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Five pollen samples were collected from marine sediments within a shoreline brackish water pond in Pearl Harbor, Hawai'i. The pond was constructed between AD 1200 and 1700 for the purpose of raising fish and was used into the late 19th century. During the 20th century the pond was filled for construction of Pearl Harbor Naval Facilities. Pollen analysis was undertaken to determine plants growing in the area around the harbor and the pond during the time of its use, and immediately prior to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Previous testing on five terraces at Machu Picchu yielded a wide variety of pollen representing grasses, cloud forest plants, and agricultural crops. Previously, pollen samples were examined from three depths on five terraces to assess the quality of pollen preservation, provide a pollen record of plants growing on and near the terraces, and identify the presence of any agricultural crops (Cummings 2000). That study yielded sufficient pollen preservation and a wide variety of pollen...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Five pieces of groundstone collected during the 1987, 1988, and 1991 excavations at Crescent Lake Campground were examined for pollen. This two component lithic scatter included obsidian tool fragments, flakes, groundstone, and fragmented projectile points. Artifacts were recovered from the pre-Mazama paleosol, from a Mazama ash/pumice level, and from unprovenienced locations at the site. These five pieces of groundstone were washed to recover pollen and starch granules that might be...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute. Deborah Truell Steward.

Forty-six pollen samples were selected for analysis from five archaeological sites (48SW1695, 48SW1,690, 48CR698, 48DR40, and 48AB18) along the Trailblazer Pipeline in southern Wyoming. These sites are associated with relatively stabilized dunes or aeolian depositions in Sweetwater, Carbon, and Albany Counties. The samples represent stratigraphic columns removed from each of the sites to gather information concerning the paleoenvironment in southern and southwestern Wyoming. These changes...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

In connection with archaeological mitigation for the Colowyo Railroad in Moffat County, Colorado, pollen samples were taken from five sites in an attempt to expand the database for paleo-environmental interpretations in the area. Three of the sites were open sites, including 5MF338 (Upper Round Bottom Site), 5MF340 (Lower Round Bottom Site), and 5MF460 (Perseverance Site). Two rockshelters were also represented; 5MF281 (Empire Park Site) and 5MF435 (Duffy Shelter).

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

This pollen study was undertaken at the northern margin of the northern Mississippi Valley in the Eastern Lowlands, an area which offers unique conditions for studying the paleoenvironment. Four pollen columns were collected in the vicinity of Charleston, Missouri, immediately south of the present confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. Both late Pleisto cene braided stream deposits and Holocene flood plain deposits are noted in this area. Location of the study area at the hinge...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Jaime Dexter.

The Cul-de-Sac Site, 48SW13648, is a prehistoric camp in Sweetwater County, Wyoming. Six radiocarbon dates, ranging from 1540 to 1900 BP, were obtained from hearth features at the site and indicate at least two occupations dating to the Uinta Phase of the Late Prehistoric period. Four pollen samples were recovered from individual hearths in order to determine possible plant resources available to occupants of the site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Four metates from 5ME3969 were selected for pollen analysis. The ground surfaces of the metates were washed to liberate any pollen remaining on them as a result of grinding foods. Pollen analysis was conducted on the metate wash samples in an effort to determine wllat foods may have been processed.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Four metates were collected from SLR144, a deeply stratified site on the bank of Kinney Springs Arroyo. Occupied during the early ceramic or late archaic period (AD 900-1000), this site yielded evidence of a square to rectangular house. These metates were selected for analysis to provide evidence of subsistence activity at the site. Evidence of the growth and use of cultigens (specifically corn) was sought on the metates. In addition, the pollen record addresses evidence of the possible...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Four rock piles recovered at AZ U: 9:117 (ASM) were unidentifiable regarding both cultural affiliation and function. Pollen analysis was undertaken on soil from these rock piles to attempt to identify either cultural affiliation or function, or both.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Four sediment samples were collected during archaeological monitoring of excavations associated with airfield pavement repair in the southern portion of the airfield at Mokapu Peninsula Marine Corps Base, Kaneohe Bay, Oahu. These sediments were sampled in an effort to identify vegetation change during development of wetland and shoreline environments in the southern portion of the peninsula.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Paul M. Miller.

Site 48SW13143 (18-WAS-008) is located on the southeastern slope of a northeast/southwest-trending low ridge complex in the Washakie Basin of Sweetwater County, Wyoming. During data recovery excavation in connection with the Mountain Gas Resources Caprock 1599-23-41H Pipeline Evaluative Testing, three sub-surface basin hearth features, including Features 1 and 3, were discovered within an area (ca. 8 x 6 m) containing four previously recorded, scattered hearth features and a possible ash dump...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Four sites located at the edge of the Mogollon Rim near Show Low were sampled for their pollen content. These sites are located near the vicinity of Show Low within five miles of the Mogollon Rim. in eastern Arizona. All four sites are considered to be farmsteads, which are larger than field houses, but not large enough to be considered residential sites. All of the sites appear to be 4-6 room roomblocks and exhibit extramural features. Sites NA 18, 175 and NA 18, 216 are roughly...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A masonry storage cist at Clinging Cliff Granary (5RB3288) was sampled by collecting pieces of mud joint that should have been exposed to the contents of the cist and washing them in the laboratory to recover pollen adhering to the surface of the mud that was exposed to the cist's contents. Loose floor fill from the bottom of a masonry storage cist at Tres Monadas Cave (5RB3180) was examined for pollen. In both instances, pollen analysis focused on the potential for recovering evidence of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Five manos, one metate, several groundstone fragments, and a donutshaped stone were washed for pollen from SBa-993. Pollen analysis was conducted solely to identify elements of the local vegetation that were processed using these tools. To provide controls for these interpretations, two soil samples from the present ground surface and one soil sample beneath ground stone fragments were examined for their pollen content. These sam ples provide an indication of pollen rain to be expected as...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Curtis Nepstad-Thornberry.

Several groundstone artifacts and one charcoal sample were sent for analysis and identification. The samples were recovered from a slab-lined fire pit during investigations at site 48SU1753 in southwest Wyoming. The radiocarbon dates for the site range from 4280 ± 70 BP to 1500 ± 60 BP, placing the earlier components of the site in of the Pine Springs Phase of the Late Archaic and the later components in the Uinta Phase of the Late Prehistoric. The groundstone artifacts were sent to the lab...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three soil samples and one ground stone artifact from upland sites in the Sandhills of North Carolina were submitted for pollen analysis. The Blackjack Site (31CD1035) and the McFadyen Pond Site (31CD1008), both of which are of unknown cultural affiliation and date, are in vegetational communities dominated by longleaf pine, wire grass, and small oaks. Samples examined from the blackjack site represent a ground stone wash and soil collected from beneath the ground stone artifact. The McFayden...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Several pieces of groundstone from sites 5MF435 and 5MF436 were washed to determine if there was any evidence of their use to grind vegetable foods. Five pieces of groundstone from 5MF435 (Duffy Shelter), including 1 mano, 3 metates, and 1 piece of groundstone, were washed for analysis. The Empire Park Site (SMF436) yielded 6 manos, 4 metates, and 4 pieces of groundstone, which were washed for pollen analysis (Table 1). Sites 5MF435 and SMF436 are both rock shelters. Site 5MF435 is located...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Samples representing groundstone washes and soil controls from the Magic Mountain site, 5JF223, were examined for their pollen content. Levels from which these groundstone were removed yielded radiocarbon ages between 1620 +60 BP and 2890 + 70 BP. Pollen analysis was intended to provide information concerning plants ground using these pieces of groundstone, and therefore insight into subsistence practices of the occupants of the Magic Mountain site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Peter Kováčik. Jammi L. Ladwig.

Wolf Village, 42UT273, is a Fremont site located north of the mouth of Goshen Canyon in Utah County, Utah. Radiocarbon dates on corn from this site range from AD 840 to 1,000. Investigating the subsistence base includes examining four pieces of groundstone for pollen evidence of grinding. Six ceramic pipes also were submitted with the goal of identifying the single best sample for analysis of pollen, phytoliths, starch, macrofloral remains, and organic residue (FTIR). Two more pipe samples...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Samples from five different brands of honey were submitted to Paleo Research Institute, Inc. for analysis and identification of the types of pollen present.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Thomas E. Moutoux. Linda Scott Cummings.

Four pollen samples were collected and analyzed from sites 5RB3566 and 5RB3737 located in Rio Blanco County, Colorado. The two sites contain four hearth features, from which the pollen samples were extracted. Features 1, 3, and 5 at site 5RB3566 provided radiocarbon ages of 1830 + 60 BP, 2190 + 80 BP, and 1490 + 70 BP, respectively. Feature 1 from site 5RB3737 produced a radiocarbon age of 140 + 50 BP. Pollen analyses are used to provide information concerning possible plant resources...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Twenty pollen samples were removed from cores collected in the Ka-mo'omaika'i Fishpond located in Hanalei on the island of Kaua'i. The water is primarily fresh, as the pond is fed by two streams, although Tsunami have inundated this area several times. The fishpond has not been vised since 1940 and has silted in and overgrown with California grass (Brachiaria mutica), bullrush (Scirpus validus), and a native sedge (Cladium leptostachyum). Pollen analysis was undertaken to establish...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. John G. Andrlik. Vinci E. Daro. Nancy J. Hodgson. John R. Hufnagle. Kulisheck Jeremy. Rachel E. Levine. Kirsten L. Puchacz.

Pollen analysis was undertaken on sediment samples from Kiva 5 at Pot Creek Pueblo (TA-1 or LA260) in northern New Mexico. Sediment samples were recovered during the 1993 field school excavations. This kiva is part of Uhit 6 and has an associated roomblock. Occupation is placed between 1250 and 1325 BP.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Pollen analysis was undertaken on four samples from clay lenses within gravel deposits in the South Platte River valley north of Denver. Pollen analysis should provide a record of vegetation for each of these clay lenses. If the pollen record is similar to that expected for the Holocene, then the lens may be assumed to be Holocene; and if the pollen record is similar to that expected for the Pinedale glacial advance, then the deposits may be assumed to be of glacial age.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The West Beach project presents the opportunity to study vegetation change from a time prior to Polynesian settlement, through that settlement, to the present in an area where little previous pollen analysis has been done. Three separate stratigraphic columns were sampled for pollen in the coastal dune and marsh ecozone (I) to establish a pollen record that would document prehistoric vegetation in this area. Three additional stratigraphic columns from the marsh/swamp in Ecozone IV, the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Inscription House Pueblo, located in Nitsin Canyon, a side canyon of Navajo Canyon, in north- central Arizona, was the site of archaeological salvage and stabilization during the summer of 1977. The project sponsored by the National Park Service and carried out by the University of Colorado was designed to stabilize portions of Inscription House and salvage a trash midden which was being actively eroded by an arroyo. During the process of excavation, pollen samples were taken to provide further...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Site CA-SCL-674 represents a large prehistoric site containing over 200 burials and numerous mortars, as well as other artifacts. Four mortars were selected for analysis to provide information concerning food processing and possibly inclusion of foods within burials. To assist in interpreting the record recovering from washing the interiors of the mortars, four control samples were examined from the sediment fill of the mortars. A single bone tube recovered from this site was submitted for...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Mummy Lake has long been the object of debate concerning its function. This feature has been interpreted as a prehistoric reservoir and as a dance pavilion. Additional pollen samples have been examined to address the question of function for Mummy Lake. Samples from the Mummy Lake Drainage Basin were examined to identify any evidence of agriculture. The 25-acre drainage basin feeding Mummy Lake might have been farmed, which would have changed its runoff characteristics, since agricultural...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Three pollen samples were collected from site 39SH68 during an archaeological survey in Badlands National Park, South Dakota. Analysis of these samples was undertaken to address the feasibility of future pollen studies in this area. The samples were collected from the upper and lower fills of Feature 1, a hearth, and a paleosol.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A sediment sample was collected from the Holland Road Pit Site for pollen analysis. An OSL date of 116,000 years was obtained on gray sediments containing gravel that is overlain by beige sand. The till above the gray sediment is probably a weathered version of the black till from the Rosslyn cut-bank that yielded a radiocarbon date of about 42,000 cal BP.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Scott Miller Mammoth site is a wetland located in the San Luis Valley, Rio Grande County, Colorado. Four peat samples were submitted for pollen analysis to determine the paleoenvironment of the site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Twelve pollen samples were selected for pollen analysis in conjunction with the Navajo-Hopi Land Exchange Archaeological Project in the BLM designated Area III. This area contained a scatter of features and artifacts and is located within the Mesilla Bolson--an intermontane lowland--in Dona Ana County, southeastern New Mexico. The site is situated in a copice dune topography above the floodplain of the Rio Grande West of El Paso. Mesquite is the dominant element in this sparsely vegetated...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The area near Lizard Man Village east of Flagstaff might have been used extensively or intermittently as an agricultural area. Examination of three samples collected from two areas best described as depressions that might represent field areas and another possible field area near a field house for pollen evidence of agriculture provided evidence of maize agriculture.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Fifteen sediments samples collected from sediments in a possible ancient field area and canal were examined for pollen. Pollen analysis was used to determine whether or not evidence exists for use of this area for agricultural fields in the past. Traditional pollen counts were made of each sample, then single microscope slides were scanned to search for Zea mays (maize) pollen, since maize is the most likely agricultural crop. Evidence for maize was recovered in eleven of the fifteen...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Seven pollen samples were examined from two sites in the Cave Creek Recreation Area of northern Maricopa County, Arizona. Rock alignments noted at AZ U:1:98 (ASM) and AZ U:1:100 (ASM) may have functioned as check dams, contour terraces or linear borders, retaining walls, diversions walls, rock piles, and/or rock-weighted brush berms. These areas exhibit no evidence of prehistoric canals, and are assumed to have been watered exclusively by hillslope runoff. Examination of pollen samples from...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Project HAENA 5, located in coastal Hā’ena on the north shore of Kauai, discovered possible wet land lo’i taro agriculture sediments. Therefore, pollen analysis was undertaken on the sediments from both this area at site 50-30-02-458 and also from a nearby area that might include agricultural sediments from site 50-30-04-458.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen analysis at Pueblo Colorado (IA476) and IA2091 concentrates on identification of the vegetal portion of the subsistence base. Pueblo Colorado was occupied between the Glaze A and E periods (approximately AD 1300 to the mid 1500s), while IA2091 exhibited evidence of occupation only during Glaze A and B (AD 1300 to the early 1400s). Stratigraphic pollen samples were examined from a midden at Pueblo Colorado to examine utilization of plants through time, and also to provide data...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two ceramic sherds representing a pot and a red bowl were recovered from Tsaghkahovit, Armenia. The cooking pot, recovered from locus 17, exhibited burning on the exterior of the body as well as residue on the inside. The small fineware bowl, found in locus 38, also contained residue on the inside. Residue was scraped from the inside of both of these intact ceramic vessels and submitted for pollen and starch analysis to determine their contents.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen analysis was conducted on samples from two rock piles at an Archaic site (AZ N:7:112) near Glassford Hill in Prescott Valley, Arizona. In addition, a pollen sample was examined as a modern control to establish a record of pollen rain associated with the modern grassland vegetational comnunity. Pollen analysis was undertaken to identify any evidence of subsistence associated with these rock piles or occupation of the site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site LA 89850 consists of three individuals, one female and two males; funerary goods; and a trash midden. Pollen samples were collected and examined from several vessels associated with these burials, as well as one abdominal cavity. Pollen analysis focused on identification of foods that may have been included in the vessels or consumed by the individual prior to death.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

An alternating stratigraphic pollen column was excavated at Hell's Half Acre County Park, 40 miles west of Casper, Wyoming. Fifteen pollen samples, including a modern surface sample, were selected from the column, which represents stratified layers that include multiple occupations. Radiocarbon ages of 1920 ± 40 BP and 1970 ± 50 BP anchor the lowest occupation at a depth of approximately 112 cm, while an age of 1320 ± 80 BP ties in the upper occupation at a depth of 30 cm. Pollen analysis...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Thirteen pollen samples were selected for analysis from 9GE10, a Middle Woodland to Mississippian mound center in central Georgia. Located in the Wallace Reservoir/Lake Oconee area on the Oconee River near Greensboro, Georgia, this site contains evidence of occupation from four time periods (0-100 AD to 550-700 AD). Pollen samples were collected from archaeological features including pits and structures, or mound layers. Analysis focused on recovering data pertaining to local vegetation,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three soil samples from the Yakima Training Center in Washington were submitted to Paleo Research Institute for pollen analysis. Two of the samples were collected from 45KT44, and the bighorn sheep skull was noted in the vicinity, but not associated with any archaeological site in the area. Site 45KT44 is a large village site occupied for much of the past 8,000 years. Two samples were collected from trenches "to investigate the geomorphology of the site" (Kimberly Dawson, personal...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site Koloa-26 yielded a single possible pre-contact soil sample for pollen analysis. The purpose of the analysis is to determine if the sample area was utilized by pre-contact (pre-AD 1778) traditional Hawaiians for the cultivation of wetland taro or as a pond to raise fish. In addition, a signature of the pre-AD 1778 vegetation, prior to the modern human-induced changes to the landscape, is sought.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Indian Creek Spring site (24LC0099) is a prehistoric short-term occupation site located at the head of Indian Creek in Helena National Forest, Montana. The site surrounds a spring and extends along the bottom and up the adjacent benches bordering Indian Creek. A modern Forest Service road, along with features and trails associated with cattle ranching, have impacted the site. Excavations have recovered hundreds of flakes, three projectile points, and two scrapers. Soil samples collected from...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Lahaina Bypass 1, CSH2 site is a pre-contact agricultural terrace complex situated on the south bank of Puamana stream adjacent to CSH1 (Feature A). A minimum of 19 agricultural terraces were noted. Two pollen samples were collected and analyzed from TU-4 and TU-6 within Stratum II to search for evidence of agriculture.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Five archaeological sites represent Taino occupation in Jamaica during the late prehistoric period, dating between 900 and 1500 AD. Eight pollen samples were examined from cultural contexts within middens from these five sites to examine plants that were discarded. Pollen analysis was undertaken to identify both local vegetation and plants that were used and subsequently discarded in the middens during the Taino occupations.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen analysis ofthree samples from CA-KER-4040 and three samples from EAFB-434 was directed towards identification of plants that might have been processed using the two metates recovered from these sites.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site LA 80924, located in northwestern New Mexico, yielded two samples for pollen analysis. A sample from the floor of a Navajo bell-shaped pit (F. 13) and from a profile of sediments comprising the Archaic component of the site were examined for pollen. In addition, a modern ground surface sample was analyzed for comparability.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Lava Ridge Ruin and Granary House, located on the Shivwits Plateau in northern Arizona, were excavated and sampled for pollen during the summer of 2007. Floors were difficult to define at both villages, so pollen samples were collected from fill that represented occupation and might be associated with floors. Pollen analysis was undertaken to identify foods processed and cultigens grown at these two small villages.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Sixty-four samples were collected from funerary urns that held cremations at Győr-Ménfőcsanak (Eperföldek). The locations of individual samples have not yet been disclosed. In addition, 12 control samples were collected during excavation by setting out containers with paper smeared with suntan cream to hold the pollen.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Kawai Nui marsh is located on the northeast coast of Oahu. This site is described as having been used traditionally for taro cultivation. Two cores were taken from the marsh, and individual pollen samples were extracted from the cores and submitted for analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site LA 151618, originally described as a Classic period Ancestral Pueblo artifact scatter with features when it was recorded in 1987, was reexamined and assigned to the Coalition period. Artifacts were varied and included ceramics, lithics, ground stone, bone tools, pendants, beads, and a needle. Feature types identified during data recovery include pit structures, thermal features, post holes, storage pits, and a burial pit. Pollen analysis of sediments collected from pit house and pit...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48CR10089, the Hugus Cliffs Site, is located in the northwestern portion of the Kindt Basin. Situated on an alluvial fan at the base of Hugus Cliff and along the western margin of an unnamed tributary of Little Sage Creek, this site represents a Middle to Late Archaic open camp. Twelve features are situated within an extensive stain. Radiocarbon dates obtained from seven hearths place occupation generally between 4260 ± 30 and 4030 ± 30 BP, with a single intrusive hearth dating 1520 ± 30...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Prehistoric camp site 48SU7579, situated on a northwesterly extending ridge finger, lies at an elevation of 7030 ft overlooking the Alkali Creek drainage valley. Two areas, Blocks A and B, date to the Opal Phase of the Early Archaic. Feature fill was collected from four features for pollen analysis to assess their use and provide paleoenvironmental information. A modern control sample assists with interpretation of prehistoric use.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48SW3006, located in southwestern Wyoming south of the Chain Lakes Rim and north of Wamsutter, represents multiple hunter-gatherer open camp fire pits. Ten thermal basins were selected for pollen analysis. Radiocarbon dates for these features range from 5430 ± 30 BP to 1090 ± 30 BP. Two stratigraphic samples and a modern surface sample complete the pollen record for this site.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Thomas E. Moutoux. Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 5GN2478 is located near the Blue Mesa Reservoir within the Curecanti National Recreation Area, Colorado. The site contains a pithouse structure (Feature 7), approximately 3 meters in diameter. There is currently no age associated with this feature. A probable metate was recovered from within Feature 7 and was washed for pollen. Pollen analysis of the wash residue was undertaken in order to help determine possible plant types processed on the metate and within Feature 7.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three pollen samples were submitted from sediment samples from site CA-SDI-8654 in the San Ysidro Mountains. These samples were collected stratigraphically for the purpose of examining the record of past vegetation.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three archaeological sites in San Juan County, southeastern Utah, were examined for pollen to identify plants processed both at the sites and in association with specific features. Site 42Sa24852, exhibits evidence of both Basketmaker III and Pueblo II occupations. A complex habitation structure (Feature 4) contained several storage bins and a central hearth that were sampled to better understand life and food processing of people living in the structure during Basketmaker III times. The...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Sites 5EP46 and 5LA10370 on the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site were sampled for pollen to identify evidence of food or plant processing.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Nine pollen samples were collected from the Military Leaseback Area on Tinian in conjunction with a Cultural Resources Survey. Eight samples represent stratigraphic sediments from Test Unit 2 of archaeological site TN-4-1122 (T-22), located in survey Area 6. The ninth sample was collected during excavation of Test Unit 2 of site TN-1-1189 (T-117), Feature 2, located in Survey Area 7. Pollen analysis was conducted to establish a pattern of vegetation through the depth of sediments represented.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Blue Rim Site is a prehistoric open camp located on a finger ridge extending from the south flank of Blue Rim towards the highway. This site includes a disperse scatter of lithic debitage, a concentration of FCR, and three areas of cultural staining (Feature 2). Radiocarbon dates obtained from fire hearths indicate occupation within the Opal phase of the Archaic period (6500-4300 BP). Pollen samples were collected and examined from ten features representing four periods of occupation at this...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Single pollen samples from ten cores from the Cheyenne River area in South Dakota were examined in search of evidence that might indicate that these sediments accumulated during the historic era. Pollen evidence for the historic era includes pollen from plants known to have been introduced into the western United States during the historic era and are not native to this area. Examples include common weeds such as Erodium cicutarium (cranesbill), Cirsium (Russian thistle), Trifolium...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

The Depression Site (48SW13490) is located southeast of Point of Rocks at the eastern edge of the Rock Springs Uplift in Sweetwater County, southwestern Wyoming. Rose Springs points recovered from the Trench 7 block indicate a Late Prehistoric occupation. The Trench 8 block yielded evidence of two occupations, an Upper component, which is attributed to Rose Springs people of the Late Prehistoric, and a Lower component that appears to represent an Archaic occupation. Calibrated radiocarbon...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Fairbanks Spring Site (26NY1729), located in Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge in Armagosa Valley was sampled for pollen to provide subsistence information. The site contains evidence of prehistoric, Virgin Anasazi and Southern Paiute, and historic occupation. Artifact scatters of fire-cracked rocks and areas with midden soils, as well as a possible pit structure, an occupational surface, and an historic dugout were noted. Pollen samples were collected for analysis from the modern...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Fossil Creek Site (FCT2-1) is a geological site located on a grassy terrace in the Fossil Creek Basin, Larimer County, Colorado. Four buried soil samples were collected from the fill on the T-2 Terrace. Sample Ab1 correlates to a former floodplain, whereas Samples Ab2, Akb3, and Ab4 represent a possible abandoned meander and buried oxbow lake sediments. These four buried soil samples were submitted for pollen analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen analyses collected from sediments exposed in trenches for the Kalihi 22 project were conducted in an effort to define the past environment and identify evidence of agriculture. The project is located in the greater Waikiki area on the south shore of Oahu. Samples from trenches in the city center and airport sections have been examined to date.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Sediment samples collected during a Phase II mitigation of the Honolulu High-Capacity Transit Corridor Project on O’ahu Island, Hawai’i were examined for pollen. The samples were collected from buried deposits thought to represent traditional Hawaiian wetland taro agriculture (lo’i) (Matt McDermott, personal communication, March 2, 2011). Pollen analysis was used to search for evidence of taro agriculture.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Phalanx Pho Site (48SU7506) is located on a large upland bench overlooking the New Fork River in the upper Green River Basin. Site discoveries included 22 scattered features, three semi-circular-shaped feature clusters, and three large charcoal-stained sandy areas. Radiocarbon dates ranged from 5720 ± 30 to 4110 ± 30 BP. Data recovery focused on Stains 4–6, which were sampled for pollen analysis. Single samples were submitted from each stain, then two hearths within each stain were selected...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two soil samples representing features from the Siren Site (41WM1126) were submitted for pollen analysis. Recovery of Scallorn arrow points from the sample, combined with a radiocarbon date of 1260-550 cal yr BP from the 2009 survey, indicate a Late Prehistoric I and II Austin Phase occupation. In addition, a Transitional Archaic occupation lies below this level (Steve Carpenter, personal communication, February 14, 2011). Pollen analysis of these samples was undertaken to provide information...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen analysis was conducted on six samples from a prehistoric Chumash site (CA-SBA- 1823) in the western Santa Ynez Mountains. A cache of lithic tools that included groundstone was ·recovered. Pollen analysis of washes of two manos was compared with samples from the sediment within the rock cache, sediment outside the rock cache, and two modern control samples.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three samples were collected and submitted for pollen analysis from sediments from Cueva Encantada in northeastern Mexico. A travertine layer, as well as sediments above and below the travertine layer were sampled. These samples were examined in an effort to obtain information concerning local vegetation and to provide any information concerning drastic differences noted in preservation above and below the travertine. Fibers were abundant in the cave and restricted to deposits in 60 cm of...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The pollen record for Harper's Well in southeastern California is derived from samples collected at 2 cm intervals to provide good resolution for identification of vegetation in sediments thought to represent the historic era at the top of the column and prehistoric levels prior to Spanish exploration and grazing at depths of 12 cm and below. Native Americans settled this area between 1600 and 1774 AD. DeAnza's expedition in 1774 provides our first written records. Prior to 1600 AD, Lake...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Pine Island Site Complex (8LL33), located on Pine Island along the southwestern Gulf Coast of Florida, includes a group of related sites. This complex is located within a large estuarine system comprising Charlotte Harbor, Pine Island Sound, and San Carlos Bay. Two prominent midden-mound complexes, Brown’s Complex and Randell Complex, include anthropogenic water features. Three sediment samples collected from within lightning whelks obtained from a context dating to approximately AD...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Ward Block F Project is located in the Kaka’ako neighborhood of the city of Honolulu, O’ahu, Hawai’i, along the coast between Downtown Honolulu and Waikiki. Excavation of Site CSH 2 uncovered berms and pans related to historic period (post-1778) salt production below 20th century fill deposits. Eleven sediment samples were collected from Site CSH 2 for pollen analysis to determine the extent of historic human modification of the coastal landscape into salt production complexes.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three pollen samples were collected along a pathway currently bounded by boxwood. These samples were examined to identify pollen that might represent historic vegetation in the gardens at Gunston Hall Plantation in Virginia. Samples were collected at a depth of approximately 5-6 inches below the surface in an effort to recover evidence of historic plants.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Sediment removed from two glass jars recovered from the Late Roman necropolis of Can Bel, Pineda de Mar, in the province of Barcelona were examined for pollen. This analysis was undertaken to identify evidence of plants present in these glass jars.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Thirteen pollen samples from Wadi Mataha, and six from Wadi Mataha 2, Jordan, were examined for pollen content. A few of these samples represent modern deposits examined as controls to understand pollen dispersal and representation of local and regional vegetation. In addition, archaeological samples represent Early Natufian, Late Natufian, and Kebaran occupations. One sample was examined from a burial. Examination of these samples was aimed at defining recovery of pollen and obtaining a pollen...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Thirteen pollen samples from Wadi Mataha, and six from Wadi Mataha 2, Jordan, were examined for pollen content. A few of these samples represent modern deposits examined as controls to understand pollen dispersal and representation of local and regional vegetation. In addition, archaeological samples represent Early Natufian, Late Natufian, and Kebaran occupations. One sample was examined from a burial. Examination of these samples was aimed at defining recovery of pollen and obtaining a...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

Beaver Creek rock shelter is located in on the west flank of the Big Belt Mountains at the confluence of Beaver Creek and an unnamed intermittent drainage. This site exhibited nine pictographs located on a secondary terrace and contained a stratigraphic record of deposits approximately 250 cm deep. Pollen samples were collected from eight of the eighteen levels within the shelter and examined to form a record of the paleo environment (Table 1). In addition, a projectile point recovered from...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Five sediment samples from Project Independence in Washington County, Georgia were submitted for pollen and starch analysis. The samples were collected at Project Independence, Washington County, Georgia and represent a deeply buried channel infilling sequence from an oxbow.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Four sites representing a temporary camp of unknown prehistoric affiliation (42Ka2042), an Archaic and Virgin Anasazi temporary camp (42Ka2044), a Late Prehistoric lithic scatter and Historic habitation site (42Ka2068), and an Archaic lithic scatter (42Ka6104) were sampled for pollen to identify local past vegetation, as well as subsistence practices. Fourteen sediment samples, including four control samples, were submitted from these four sites in Kane County, Utah for pollen analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Melissa K. Logan.

Three sediment samples from the excavated profile of the Camarones 14 site in northern Chile were submitted for pollen analysis. The site is believed to represent a middle Holocene occupation associated with the Chinchorro Tradition. These three samples were examined in an effort to provide subsistence information.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Pollen analysis of three samples from site 41 MQ73 focuses on recovery of pollen in sufficient quantity and preservation for analysis. In addition, nutshell fragments were submitted for analysis. This site is located in southeastern Texas where pollen preservation is expected to be poor. In addition, two ceramic sherds exhibiting residue were examined for their phytolith content to determine what foods might have been cooked in these vessels.

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The H.L. Hunley was a Confederate submarine that sank in February of 1863 just outside Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Six pollen sample were collected from a sediment column approximately 85 cm deep that had accumulated atop the H.L. Hunley after its demise in 1863. Analysis of these six samples should assist in identifying the nature of the sediments, particularly with respect to timing of sedimentation. In addition to the six pollen samples, a single piece of wood recovered from near...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Kuwili Fishpond (50-80-14-5368) is located under a large empty lot near the present day Honolulu Harbor. This fishpond, which might have been constructed as early as AD 1100, was used until at least the late 19th century. Radiocarbon ages concerning construction dates are problematic, so the archaeological project that produced the samples examined for pollen and microscopic charcoal will focus on obtaining new dates to document the date of original construction. Pollen and microscopic...