PaleoResearch Institute

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen samples were collected stratigraphically from Zones A-E from Trench 16 on the coastal plain of the leeward coast of Saipan. Trench 16 on the Nansay property is a backhoe trench dug into the edge of a remnant wetland immediately south of Punton Achugao. A single pollen sample was analyzed from each stratum. In addition, Trench I was sampled at a later date for pollen. This column was richer in preserved organics than Trench 16 and was located lower in the wetland toward the seaward...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Pollen samples were collected stratigraphically from Zones A-E on the coastal plain of the leeward coast of Saipan. Trench 16 on the Nansay property is a backhoe trench dug into the edge of a remnant wetland immediately south of Punton Achugao. A single pollen sample was analyzed from each stratum for this feasibility study. Pollen analysis was undertaken to provide data concerning the past vegetation in this area for Zones A-E. Interpretation of the vegetation will contribute...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Eighteen pollen samples were collected from three trenches at Waiakula Fishpond on the south shore of O'ahu, Hawai'i. This possible fishpond ·was defined by coral-based walls and probably was used in the AD 1400-1600s. The pollen record is a compilation of samples collected from several trenches in an effort to examine a stratigraphic sequence representing accumulation over time.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Six stratigraphic pollen samples were examined from Steel's Pass to provide paleoenvironmental information. These samples represent archaeological excavations during the summer of 1994 in grid Unit 6S/4E. Several paleosols or paleosol-like horizons were recorded along with a tephra lense of Mazama ash. Pollen samples were collected and examined from the paleosol-like horizons and the Mazama ash to examine the pollen signature for prehistoric vegetation.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Seven samples from a variety of locations (Table 1) constituting Batch XXV were submitted for pollen analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48CR9097represents an Early to Late Archaic occupation containing five features and divided into a Prehistoric Camp and Faunal Block. Radiocarbon dates obtained for Feature 1, noted at a depth of 26–34 cmbgs, and Feature 3, recovered at a depth of 53–93 cmbgs are reported as 1800 ± 30 and 5300 ± 30 BP, respectively. Three pollen samples were examined from the Prehistoric Camp block, and two pollen samples were examined from the Faunal Block.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Twelve samples were selected for pollen analysis from 48LNl27 in Lincoln County, Wyoming. This site is a large multicomponent campsite located on a terrace above the Black Fork River in the Green River Basin. Four major soil zones were noted during excavation, the upper three representing the formation of a dune complex overlying a highly weathered hard pan surface.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Fourteen pollen samples were selected for pollen analysis from site 48SW1393 in Sweet Water County, Wyoming. This site is located approximately 600 meters east of the confluence of Deadman Wash and Tenmile Draw, and extends 450 meters south of this point. The site is situated in an extensive stabilized dune complex in a large valley or floodplain area associated with Deadman Wash and Tenmile Draw drainages at an elevation of 6560 feet. This floodplain is generally characterized by low relief,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

POLLEN ANALYSIS OF SITES AT 88, AT 90 AND AT 91 ATOKA COUNTY, OKLAHOMA: Pollen samples from sites At 88, At 90, and At 91 in Atoka County, Oklahoma were submitted to the author for preparation and analysis. The purpose of the preparation and analysis of these samples was to ascertain the components of the environment in the area and to determine whether or not the cultural sequence at the site generated any factors which affected the environment. It was also hoped that information could be...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Six archaeological sites in the vicinity of Bodo Canyon south of Durango, Colorado were sampled for pollen in conjunction with archaeological mitigation. The structures were sampled in an effort to collect subsistence data relating to the exploitation of native and cultivated vegetal resources at these sites. A sampling design was employed to study the distribution of pollen from economically important plants across two of the pithouse floors. The sites vary in age from Basketmaker II...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

A test trench was excavated within the asphalt paved parking area at 2139 Kuhio Ave., Waikiki. Soil samples were collected from the exposed stratigraphic face, three of which were submitted for pollen analysis. Results are used to describe the environment for the periods represented by these sediments.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Pecos and the ruins of Pecos have been known to explorers, adventurers, and travelers for over 400 years and the site has been the scene of intermittent archaeological investigations since 1880 when Adolf Bandelier measured and described the ruins. The first scientific excavations were undertaken by A. V. Kidder (1924) on the North Pueblo in 1915 and since that time Pecos has been subjected to numerous excavations, reexcavations, and stabilization efforts. Although Pecos has been the subject...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48PA175 included evidence of a probable semi-subterranean structure that included two probable hearths, as well as scattered areas of lithics and fire-cracked rock, additional hearths, stone circles, rock alignments, and purple glass fragments. Radiocarbon ages of 3400 ± 70 and 3670 + 50 BP are reported for these probable hearths, placing occupation during the middle Archaic. A stratigraphic profile was sampled for pollen off-site to provide control for interpreting the on-site...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen analysis was undertaken on four samples from modern vegetation communities, as well as sub-surface samples from two different areas. Pollen analysis of the modern control samples was used to define the pollen record for modern vegetation communities which will assist in interpreting paleoenvironmental records. Sub-surface examination of the pollen record was designed to provide information concerning prehistoric vegetation, as well as pollen preservation and the potential of detailed...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

The Mill Iron Site (24CT30) is a Paleo Indian site located in southeastern Montana to the northwest of the Little Missouri River. Projectile points, other chipped stone artifacts, and animal bone were exposed along the slopes of the small ridge or cuesta upon which this site is located. This site lies on a south and west sloping cuesta between a higher mesa on the north and Humbolt Creek on the south. The cuesta appears to have been connected to the mesa as a ridge spur at one time, but...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Mill Iron Site is located near the top of a south and west sloping remnant in a grassland-badland terrain. The vegetation on top of the remnant is presently dominated by sedges (Cyperaceae) and grasses (Gramineae), although sagebrush is also noted. The west slope of the remnant supports more shrubby plants, including rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus-a High-spine Compositae), greasewood (Sarcobatus), and sagebrush (Artemisia). TIle south side of the cuesta is dominated by...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

The Mill Iron Site (24CT30) is a Paleo Indian site located in southeastern Montana to the northwest of the Little Missouri River. This site lies on a south and west sloping cuesta between a higher mesa on the north and Humbolt Creek on the south. The cuesta appears to have been connected to the mesa as a ridge spur at one time, but has been cut off by eastward erosions of a drainage. Projectile points, other chipped stone artifacts, and animal bone were exposed along the slopes of the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Pollen analysis was undertaken at Gran Quivera in conjunction with archaeological investigation of several midden areas. Stratigraphic pollen columns were collected throughout various excavation units within the midden in an effort to sample all of the glaze units represented. Two stratigraphic columns were selected for analysis based on their glaze components. Evidence of differentiation in plant utilization through time was sought within this record. In addition, a generalized...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney. David V. Hill.

Site 45KI724, located near Carnation, Washington, is a stratified, multi-component prehistoric site. Situated on a natural levee on the right bank of the Snoqualmie River, this site currently lies beneath a paved roadway and extends into the road shoulder. Although the site is prehistoric, it is probably less than 2000 years old. No dates are currently available. Pollen analysis of stratigraphic sediments was undertaken to characterize the local vegetation during the time period represented...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen samples were collected at 5 cm intervals through sediment that filled Feature 37, a roasting pit, at the Sand Draw Dump Site (48FR3123). This close interval sampling and analysis was undertaken to examine the pollen record through probable cultural fill and also probable post-occupational fill in an effort to define the appropriate cultural signal and assist future sampling of roasting pits and/or deep pits.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Eight sediment samples were collected on a plateau overlooking Masalok, Tinian. Pollen and phytolith analyses were conducted on these samples to provide paleoenvironmental information.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Nine soil samples were collected stratigraphically for pollen analysis from the Kapi'olani business district in downtown Honolulu. These samples represent Strata II through IV. Pollen analysis was undertaken to identify prehistoric vegetation in the area identified as Kewalo. Since Kewalo was located between two densely populated areas, Kbu and Waikiki, it may have been influenced by activities associated with these areas. The pollen record was examined to identify local activities at...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Five pollen samples were selected from stratigraphic sediments in Boring 4, Transect 7 for analysis. A radiocarbon age of 1280 ± 60 BP (Beta-150200) was returned on organic silt at a depth of 290 cm below the surface in Boring 4. Pollen analysis was conducted to establish the viability of pollen analysis on these types of sediments and to obtain a description of local and regional vegetation for periods represented by the five samples selected for analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two cores were collected using a split spoon sampler on a drill rig from Fort Shafter Flats. Individual pollen samples were examined approximately every half foot between a depth of 8 and 11 feet in Core D. A single sample between 13 and 13 1/2 feet was also examined. Core E represents a continuation in depth and sampling from 14 1/2 to 22 1/2 feet. Since the project area was located in a marine environment, pollen preservation was expected to be poor and pollen recovery was doubtful, at...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen samples were removed from selected depths from a core collected at Glover's Pond in northwestern New Jersey. Ihe pollen record representing stratigraphic sediments extends in depth over one meter below a radiocarbon age of 11,430 + 410 BP to an estimated 14,720 BP. Examination of the pollen record from Glover's Pond includes a record from the Pleistocene, as well as transition from the Pleistocene to the Hblocene, and contiraring until nearly the present. Changes in the local...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Stratigraphic pollen samples were collected from sediments at 48SU1041, the Pine Creek Site, to examine the past vegetation intermittently over the past approximately 4100 years. This site is located at the base of the Wind River Mountains along the shores of Fremont Lake. In addition, a piece of groundstone was washed to recover possible pollen and/or starch evidence of use. Three pollen samples were examined from one feature and two living surfaces to provide evidence of plant processing...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Twenty pollen samples were examined from suspected garden beds or plots associated with the Hamill House in Georgetown, Colorado. A modern surface sample was examined to provide control information concerning modern pollen rain. In addition, fifteen samples were examined from a possible garden plot in the northeast portion of the lot. This plot was slightly lower than the neighboring sodded area. A single sample was examined from the possible sodded area next to the garden. One sample was...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The soil contained in inverted shells was examined for pollen, since this location would provide evidence of pollen associated with midden use and formation, rather than later percolation through the sediments. In addition, tarring pebbles were washed to identify pollen recovered.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen and phytolith analysis was undertaken at the Bandolier Garden can the historic property of El Zaguan to identify plants grown during the early years the garden was cultivated. Pinch samples were collected from three major areas in the garden at three vertical levels to provide information concerning the overall mixture of plants cultivated in the garden. Area 3 exhibited less disturbed soil and is assumed to have been never planted with ornamental flowers, but instead have been...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Gerald K. Kelso.

Two pollen samples from the Mill Pond Wharf Site (NE03 Trench A, grid h) and two samples of mill pond bottom deposits from the Causeway Street excavations (MP01 Trench A) were examined during Phase II testing (Figure 1) . One mill pond bottom sample appeared to be organic, muddy site best described as "muck", while the other sample consisted of clay with shell and plant fragments. One wharfside sample was taken from a matrix thought to represent dry land deposit, and the other, looking much...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Gerald K. Kelso.

The members of complex societies create their own environments. These environments reflect of the self-image of the people involved and other aspects of their life styles. The vegetation on the cultural landscape is sensitive to human activities, and the flora changes rapidly in response to shifts in land-use practices across relatively short geographic distances and time spans. Documents, the graphic arts, and photography have recorded some of the image enhancing landscapes that socially...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

The Hardtrigger Creek burial site (10OE5968) consists of a single adult male. At present, no radiocarbon age or prehistoric cultural affiliation has been assigned for this burial, which was recovered in the foothills of the Owyhee Mountains of southwestern Idaho. One sample from the lower abdominal cavity area of the burial was examined for pollen evidence of foods this individual might have consumed prior to death. A control sample was examined to facilitate interpretation of the pollen...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

A coiled basket, referred to as the Peek-a-boo basket, was found in a cache (42Sa20209) in the Needles District of Canyonlands National Park. In an effort to determine the original contents of this cached basket, pollen samples were collected in the form of washes from this basket while still at the site. Control samples were also collected to aid in the interpretation of pollen types representing economically important plants recovered.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Eleven pollen samples were selected for analysis from three sites (48CA468, 48CA561, and 48CA566) on the AMAX Eagle Butte Mine near Gillette in central Campbell County, Wyoming. These samples were taken stratigraphically within the sites in an effort to gather paleoenvironmental data. The sites are located on terraces above a complex of intermittent drainages at elevations ranging from 4200 to 4240 feet. Site 48CA468 appears to have Late Paleoindian and Archaic components, while...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen samples were collected at three early historic Navaho sites approximately fifteen miles north of Farmington, New Mexico in conjunction with archaeological mitigation. Pollen analysis was oriented toward a definition of subsistence activities that involved the use of plants at these three sites. With the exception of control samples from the present ground surface, all samples in this study represent hearths or roasting pits. A total of 25 pollen samples was collected from these...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three manos were recovered with a human burial dating between 500 and 800 BP at the Picketwire site (5LA5838) in southeastern Colorado. These manos were washed to recover pollen to identify plants that were ground.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney. Kathryn Puseman. Laura Buethel.

Three manos were recovered from structural fill (Structure 1) dating between 500 and 800 BP at the Picketwire site (5LA5838) in southeastern Colorado. These manos were washed to recover pollen to identify plants that were ground. In addition, two sediment samples were examined from the fill of the hearth and sediment in the structure.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Three samples were collected from a slab-lined hearth (48SU1032) and a pithouse and hearth (48SU1066) for pollen analysis. Pollen analysis at these two sites was designed to assess pollen preservation and identify, if possible, subsistence activities.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three samples, collected at widely spaced intervals from Core 9, were submitted for exploratory pollen analysis. The purpose of this analysis was to document the presence and preservation of pollen from sediments at this location and recover any identifiable botanic remains and ostracods.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Three pollen samples were examined from Lechuguilla Cave to identify prehistoric vegetation in the vicinity of this cave. Samples 2A and 2B were collected from an area that should have produced Pleistocene guano samples, but the material appears to represent primarily debris, rather than guano. Sample 1 was collected from an area that may contain Pleistoene or early Holocene sediments.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

In June of 1977 an intense forest fire took place in Bandelier National Monument and on adjacent United States Forest Service lands burning approximately 15,270 acres. A significant number of archaeological sites were differentially affected by the fire and the La Mesa Fire Study was initiated by the National Park Service to determine the various effects of fire on archaeological sites and materials.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Six sanples were examined from three trenches at Fort Shafter to evaluate the pollen record and the vegetation represented. The stratigraphic pollen record represents an unknown interval of time.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

The Seim/Livingood site includes at least four aboriginal components including Archaic, Middle Woodland, Late Woodland, and Oneota/Plains Village. Located in southwestern Minnesota near the town of Granite Falls, this site represents an area not yet studied for its pollen record. Pollen analysis was undertaken on stratigraphic samples from 21CP29 to identify past vegetation and contribute to a reconstruction of paleoenvironmental conditions.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Site 24TT83 is a tipi ring site located on the north side of the Teton River in an old meander scar at an elevation of 1067 m (3500 ft). The present vegetation is dominated by grasses (blue grama and wheat grass). Occasional prickly pear (Opuntia), small sage (Artemisia), and club moss (Lycopodium) were also observed at the site. The Teton River supports a riparian community, including deciduous trees, some 200-300 m west of the site. Four tipi rings ranging in date from 280 to 1080...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Paul M. Miller.

Site 13DB674 is situated on terrace within an actively cultivated cornfield extending southeast of the junction of east/west-trending Seippel Road and north/south-trending Cousins Road in Dubuque County, Iowa. A lithic artifact concentration consisting of tertiary flake reductions was discovered at the site, with cultural materials recovered from two separate stratigraphic formation members, recognized by geologists as Gunder (c. 10,500–3,000 BP) and Roberts Creek (c. 4,000–500 BP) (Leah Rogers,...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen analysis was undertaken on the fill fran two bell-shaped cists that exhibited oxidation rinds and contained charcoal and ash at IA72387. Radiocarbon ages of 550 BP and 570 BP indicate a Navajo occupation. Pollen analysis was designed to identify any plants that might have been processed within these cists. In addition, two samples from the present ground surface were examined as control samples to identify patterns of modern pollen transport and the modern vegetation community...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen samples were collected and analyzed from two canals at this site to identify both natural and agricultural vegetation growing in the area surrounding the canals. Specific evidence was sought to determine whether or not agricultural fields were in direct association with the canals.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Five pollen samples from two cellars at Hannah's Quarter (9JS195) were examined to identify any evidence of plants that might have been processed or stored. In addition, the pollen record should inform concerning historic vegetation.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two deep basin metates were washed to recover pollen to examine the possibility that these metates were used to process local plants. A single soil sample was also examined to provide a control against which the two metate washes could be compared for interpretation.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen analysis of fill from two hearths from 48UT1623 provides information concerning the local vegetation during the late Deadman Phase of the Late Archaic in southwestern Wyoming. Radiocarbon dates from these two features are reported as 2020 ± 50 RCYBP and 1340 ± 50 RCYBP.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Eleven pollen samples representing two features were examined from Fort Bridger, Wyoming. At the time of excavation the function of these features remained undetermined and pollen andstarch analysis was \H*3ertaken to shed licfit an possible function of both features. These two deep pits were located within the Mormon Compound. Feature 17 was a possible borrow pit located along the northwest end of Feature 3, which was examined for pollen previously. Use of this pit dates between 1843 and...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Fills from two hearth/roasting pits at 48LN2348 were analyzed for pollen to provide information concerning subsistence activities at this site. In the course of this examination, the entire pollen record also yields evidence of local vegetation.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two mano fragments recovered at CA-Ora-83 were examined for their pollen content, in an effort to define what plants might have been ground using these tools.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen analysis of two pieces of groundstane from 5AA1518, a multicomponent prehistoric and possibly historic Ute archaeological site, was aimed at identifying plants that might have been processed. A diverse artifact inventory and location of the site overlooking an open park that provided an excellent game habitat indicate that this site is probably the result of hunter/gatherer subsistence activities. The presence of a Northern Side-notched point indicates a Mj.dd.le Archaic occxpation...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

Two pollen samples were collected from inside a mine entrance in Montrose County, Colorado. Pollen analysis was undertaken in an effort to establish a pollen signature that was appropriate for the various radiocarbon-dated intervals that were sampled and to explore differences in the pollen signatures for the two samples examined. Radiocarbon ages of 595 BP and 7100 BP are reported for samples 14 and 16, respectively.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two pollen samples were examined from testing at the Gila Butte site (AZ U:13:8 [ASM]) . These samples represent a clay-loam A horizon suspected to have been used prehistorically as an agricultural field. This possible field was located to the north of the habitation locus at the large ball court: village. Pollen analysis was undertaken in an effort to recover evidence of agriculture in this area.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

Pollen samples were collected for analysis from an historic-recent agricultural field at the Ak-Chin Indian Community. Both samples were removed from the plowzone. Pollen analysis was oriented toward finding evidence of cultivated crops, rather than identifying specific plant communities.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Two pollen samples representing a pithouse and an extramural pit were examined for evidence of economic activity. Site AZ EE:9:117(ASM) is situated within the semi-desert grassland on the southwestern side of the Santa Cruz River approximately 3 miles northeast of Nogales, Arizona. This site represents an occupation between approximately 850-1150 AD.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

Pollen samples were collected from two small piles of fire-cracked basalt rock at sites 5ME11766 and 5ME11767 to identify plants that might have been processed in these features. The sites are located near Whitewater, Colorado.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

Pollen analysis of samples from the Brady Site (5RB726) and the Dripping Brow Cave Site (5RB699) was undertaken in conjunction with archaeological investigations of these sites. Both sites are located in the Canyon Pintado Historic District in Rio Blanco County, Colorado. The Brady Site is a large campsite located along the exposed edges of the main Douglas Creek arroyo, at an elevation of 5410 feet and dates from before A. D. 200 to the protohistoric period. The Dripping Brow Cave Site is...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Two pollen samples were selected for analysis from the present ground surface in the vicinity of sites LA 71835 and LA 80846 as control samples. Results of these control samples are reported below.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Single mano and metate fragments from the Eberhart Site, CA-CRA-85, were washed for pollen to help identify plants that may have been ground using these groundstones. Two projectile points, also from CA-ORA-85, were analyzed for possible blood residues, along with two soil control samples. These analyses may provide insight into processing and/or other activities that the occupants of this site pursued.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Recent archaeological work at Kahaluu Ahupua’a, located on the western coast of Hawai’i Island, recovered sediment samples from Po’o Pond. Two samples, one from the southern portion and one from the central portion, collected from one meter below the water table, were submitted for pollen analysis to determine use of the area (Trevor Yucha, personal communication June 29, 2015). Previous pollen analysis for this site examined three sediment samples from open air water wells (Scott Cummings...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

One hundred pollen samples were analyzed from 10 sites on the Pine Creek Project. Pollen analysis was undertaken to provide information on the subsistence base, as well as subsistence activities. Pollen samples were examined from a variety of features, including roasting pits, shallow pits, hearths, inhumations, cremations, extramural activity areas, house floors, rock alignments, trash deposits, rockpiles, and ground stone. Identification of processing activities involving both agricultural...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. R.A. Varney.

A single sample from the Eglington Fault in Las Vegas, Nevada, was analyzed for pollen and charcoal identification. This sample was collected from a colluvial wedge in the last rupture at the EI Campo Grande site of the Eglington Fault. Pollen analysis was used to determine the local vegetation at the time of the rupture. Charcoal in the sample was identified and submitted for an AMS radiocarbon date.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Thomas E. Moutoux.

One pollen sample and one charcoal sample were recovered from the fill of a hearth feature at LA 112366 in southeastern New Mexico. Two lithic flakes from the site surface also were submitted for protein residue analysis. This site consists of a surface artifact scatter and is believed to represent a short-term habitation site that was utilized on multiple occasions for hunting and gathering activities. Pollen analysis of the hearth fill is used to determine possible plant resources...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Research at the Bluff Great House seeks to explore the relationship of this site to Chaco Canyon, some 125 miles to the southwest. The Bluff Great House exhibits characteristics typical of a Chacoan settlement, including an earthen berm that included trash midden deposits, surrounding the Great House. Research questions focus on determining the relationship of the Bluff Great House to Chaco Canyon, understanding the role of the Bluff Great House in the Northern San Juan region, comparing...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Ten samples were collected stratigraphically from four different strata at Site 002-160, Area 2, Ordnance Annex in Guam. Pollen analysis was undertaken to identify pre-Contact vegetation associated with this area. Site 02-1660 is located on a wide, grassy terrace in an abrupt interface between a karstic landform under limestone forest and sloping savannah. Savannah in this area is dissected by deep ravines that support forests. In addition, a sink filled with water approximately 15 m west...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Pollen and macrofloral samples were submitted from features at sites 42Ws1803, 42Ws1804, and 42Ws4458 in Washington County, Utah. All three sites exhibit evidence of Virgin Anasazi occupations, and site 42Ws4458 also contains evidence of a Basketmaker II-Pueblo I habitation. Pollen and macrofloral analyses will be used to provide information concerning plant resources that were processed by occupants of these sites. AMS radiocarbon dates provide information on the time of occupation of three...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen and macrofloral samples were examined from site 26Or3 for the Carson City Freeway project in Carson City, Nevada. Twenty-two pollen and twenty macrofloral samples were analyzed during Phase II testing. An additional 60 pollen and 71 macrofloral samples were examined for Phase III. Radiocarbon dates suggest eight occupation periods. The earliest occupations of the site from AD 230 to AD 410 and AD 410 to AD 620 appear to have been fairly minor periods of site use. Five features are...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Sanjay Eksambekar. Rosa Maria Albert.

Pollen and phytolith analysis of two samples from a tumulus at La Revive, France, raised questions concerning the interpretation of the sediments and reproducibility of results. In an attempt to answer specific questions, three additional samples were submitted for pollen and phytolith analysis during 2005. These three samples also were floated to recover charcoal fragments that were AMS radiocarbon dated. Specific questions included dating Strata 4, 8, and 9. Stratum 4 might have been a...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Seventeen pollen and a single botanic sample were submitted for analysis from the Stone Ball Site (48SW11666). Seven pollen samples represent hearth fills, six samples represent the cultural level and ash/rock middens, and four samples represent washes of rock slabs used as lining for slab-lined hearths. Two of these washes were examined from each component. Two components were noted at this site. Component B, the oldest, is anchored by calibrated radiocarbon ages of 5480 to 4570 BP. This...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Two Dolores corrugated grayware ceramic vessels were recovered from a small sheltered alcove at the Bernstein-Dierking Discovery site, 42SA24364, in eastern Utah. Ceramics and radiocarbon dates suggest occupation during the Pueblo II period. Fill inside the North Pot was sampled at 5 cm intervals for pollen and/or botanic remains to provide information concerning paleoenvironmental conditions as this vessel filled. In addition, a wash was collected from the interior of the pot to determine...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Two Dolores corrugated grayware ceramic vessels were recovered from a small sheltered alcove at the Bernstein-Dierking Discovery site, 42SA24364, in eastern Utah. Ceramics and radiocarbon dates suggest occupation during the Pueblo II period. Fill inside the North Pot was sampled at 5 cm intervals for pollen and/or botanic remains to provide information concerning paleoenvironmental conditions as this vessel filled. In addition, a wash was collected from the interior of the pot to determine...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48SW19958 (21-WAS-008), situated on a narrow ridge and gentle north slope, overlooks Fillmore Creek to the east and moderately large tributaries of Fillmore Creek to the north and south. This site contained 21 scattered fire hearth features and various artifacts that included faunal bone, projectile points, and debitage. This multi-occupation site returned radiocarbon dates suggesting an estimated seven occupations during the Uinta phase of the Late Prehistoric and one occupation...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 48SU1002 is located on a colluvial footslope at the base of Pleistocene terraces immediately above the Green River. A stratigraphic pollen column was collected to examine the paleoenvironment from prior to occupation, from near 4000 BP to the present. In addition, pollen and charcoal samples were collected from Features 5 and 5A, both large roasting pits. The roasting pits were examined for evidence of foods processed and wood used for fuel.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Stratigraphic pollen and individual charcoal samples were examined from site 50-80-11- 4933 at the Marine Corps Base Hawaii, Kane'ohe Bay, Oahu. Pollen analysis was conducted to identify the three environments labeled zones 1 to 3 and their relationship to one another. These three zones include agricultural wetlands upstream, fluctuating tidal wetlands, and a riverine, estuary-type regime. Charcoal recovered from archaeological deposits were identified and imaged prior to being submitted...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Makua Valley is situated on the west side of the island of Oahu. This dry area is located in the leeward rain shadow of the Waianae Mountains. Modern vegetation includes primarily grass, which is maintained by annual burning. The surrounding slopes and ridges of the valley are forested with a variety of trees typical of leeward Hawai' i, including Kaa haole (Leucaena), Kiawe (Prosopis), and Kukul (Aleurites). Pollen and charcoal samples were examined from this column to provide a baseline...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Twenty four stratigraphic samples were examined for pollen and charcoal from two arroyos in northern New Mexico. This study was designed as a pilot study to examine the possibility of sampling these locations at closer intervals to refine any paleoenvironmental interpretations deemed possible through this analysis. Pollen analysis provides a look at vegetation, while charcoal counts provide a means of assessing fire history. In addition, an archaeoclimatic model was examined to provide...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Barbara Winsborough.

Four trenches were cut through a low lying playa surrounded by large eolian dune piles and sand sheets in the Tularosa Basin of New Mexico. Six sediment samples from three of the trenches (Geological Trench 1 and 2 and FB 16008) were submitted for pollen and diatom analysis.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Barbara Winsborough.

Nineteen additional pollen and two diatom samples were collected from trenches 2 and 3 at Kobler-2. Previous pollen analysis examined pollen from stratigraphic layers in Trench 1 (Cummings 1999), providing information concerning prehistoric vegetation in the area near Lake Susupi. Radiocarbon ages of that study indicate the record included sediments that accumulated prior to AD 260-560 until the historic era. Stratigraphic pollen samples from Trenches 2 and 3 examine sediments to the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

A total of seven pollen samples and one sample for diatom analysis were submitted from Metamorphose Point (Site BHT 8). These samples were collected from two different sections of a trench cut. Two sections were sampled at the site. Section 1 included a paleosol (2Ab) that was sampled at the bottom, middle, and top for pollen analysis to better understand the local paleoenvironment. Section 2 is represented by pollen samples from the bottom, middle, and top of possible playa deposits. In...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Eight stratigraphic pollen samples were examined from sediments within the area bordered by the Mormon Wall at Fort Bridger. This analysis was designed to identify plants growing in this area throughout civilian and military occwpations. The stratigraphic column represents the Jim Bridger or fur trade occupation through the military occupation, to possibly the early 20th century. In addition, three wood specimens and two seeds were identified.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute. Rood Ronald J.

Sites 5MT8794, 5MT7084, 5MT7044, 5MT7036, and 5DLl08l were mitigated in connection with trenching for the construction of laterals for the Fairview Laterals project in conjunction with the Dolores Project. Site 5MT8794 contained both a small surface room and an isolated hearth which were sampled for pollen in an effort to define patterns of subsistence activity. Sites 5MT7048, 5MT7044, 5MT7036, and 5DLl081 contained only isolated features, some of which were sampled for pollen in an effort...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Sites 5MT2433 (Aulston Kiva) and 5MT7060 were mitigated in connection with trenching for the construction of laterals for the Fairview Laterals project in conjunction with the Dolores Project. Site 5MT2433 exhibited both a kiva and a shallow rectangular mealing room, which were sampled in an effort to define activities within the structures. In addition, bone was collected during excavation of the kiva and during trenching of 5MT7060 and identified.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

The McEndree Ranch Site, 5BA30, is a Late Archaic village located in the cutbank of a large ephemeral stream in northwest Baca County, Colorado. The excavated portion of the site consists of four hearths and a semi-subterranean house floor along a section of approximately 140 meters of cutbank exposure. Two fire features were radio carbon dated to 2350 - 65 BP (Die. 1254) and 2170 t 55 BP (Die. 1258) (Shields 1980;1). Bison bones and lithic material recovered at the site suggest a wide...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

The Bisti sites are located in northwestern New Mexico near the town of El Huerfano. Site elevations range around 5900 feet above sea level. The surrounding predominant plant community is open grassland with a few scattered juniper. Associated plants include: four-wing saltbush (Atriplex canescens), wolfberry (Lycium sp.), snakeweed (Gutierrezia sp.), yucca (Yucca sp.), and various grasses. The area has been heavily overgrazed. The distributions of snakeweed, yucca, and probably juniper...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Curtis Nepstad-Thornberry. Thomas E. Moutoux. Kathryn Puseman.

Site 48SW11644 exhibits two occupational components reflecting occupation during the Opal phase (6290-5920 BP) and again much later during the transition between the Deadman Wash and Uinta phases (1830-1535 BP). Pollen and/or macrofloral analyses were conducted on sediment removed from large, slab-lined hearths, slabs lining the hearths, occupational surfaces, and groundstone to understand plant processing activities associated with these features and tools.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Five samples were collected for pollen and macrobotanical analysis from feature fill along the side walls of auwai (an irrigation channel). Radiocarbon ages are associated with all samples examined. Pollen and macrobotanical analyses were undertaken to identify crops grown in this area by any of the earlier inhabitants.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Fourteen pollen and macrofloral samples represent six sites and ten features from the North Kohala area. Radiocarbon ages are not available to assign dates to these agricultural outcrops, terraces, alignments, and enclosures. Pollen and macrobotanic analysis was undertaken to identify any possible cultigens recovered from the probable agricultural features examined. In addition to possible cultigens, plants that might have been used medicinally or as fuel were of interest.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Uploaded by: Linda Scott Cummings

Archaeological excavations were conducted in damaged areas at Wahajhamka, Site AR-03-10-03-537, in the Santa Fe National Forest, New Mexico. This site is a large pueblo on a high mesa top, and is believed to have been occupied during the Pueblo IV or Early Classic (Paliza Phase), approximately 1350-1425 A.D., based on the ceramic assemblage. The site is part of an area that would be affected bythe proposed Paliza Canyon timber sale. Pollen and flotation sanples were collected from areas...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Site 32MZ936 is a iroilti-^xxiponent site noted by a sparse scatter of lithic artifacts in rolling grasslands overlooking the Little Missouri River badlands in western North Dakota. Only one of the occupation levels yielded radiocarbon ages of 3680 BP and 4010 EP, representing two separate occupations within Level 3. Knife River Flint flaking debris was common. Site 32DU909 exhibited two small scatters of lithic artifacts and was located in a short-grass prairie along the top of a ridge...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Samples from Sites AZ-P-60-116, AZ-P-60-118, andAZ-P-60-123 were examined for pollen and macrofloral remains. All three sites are located in the Puerco River drainage of northeastern Arizona, and represent Pueblo II and Pueblo III occupations, approximately 700-1200 AD. Samples were examined from several features at each site in order to identify subsistence activities.

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman.

Samples from Site 5DV3017 were examined for pollen andmacrofloral remains. Radiocarbon dates suggest that this site is a multicoannpanent site, and place use of the features at different times during the Mid-Archaic to Mid-Ceramic, approximately 3520 to 630 B.P. Samples were taken from pithouse, hearth, and storage features to identify subsistence activities at this site. In addition, pollen samples were examined from one surface area and from two control columns to provide modern control...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

Site AZ B:16:0911 is located at the bottom of the Grand Canyon near the mouth of Monument Creek. Fill from a small masonry structure was examined for pollen and macrofloral remains. Macrofloral analysis also was conducted on fill from an ash lens in the masonry structure and from a small thermal feature. Mesquite charcoal in the macrofloral sample from the masonry structure was submitted for AMS radiocarbon dating. Pollen and macrofloral analyses provide information concerning plants utilized by...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

A tipi ring site, 320L270, located at the Glenharold Mine south of Stanton, North Dakota, was the subject of archaeological mitigation. Pollen and macrofloral samples were taken during the course of the excavation in an effort to provide subsistence information. The site is located within the Missouri River Breaks physiographic zone on a low finger ridge approximately 100 feet below the upland terrace. The site is bordered on the east by a wooded ravine containing a spring and on the west...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute. D. Kate Aasen Rylander.

Site 48SU1102 is located on the western edge of the Green River floodplain in the southwest corner of Sublette County in southwestern Wyoming. Both pollen and macrofloral remains were analyzed in conjunction with archaeological mitigation. Two activity areas were sampled for pollen; the eastern excavation block and western excavation block. Stratigraphic pollen samples from both excavation blocks were examined to assess the local paleoenvironment. In addition, pollen and macrofloral...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Site 48SW5175 is a Late Altithermal site located approximately 5 miles south of Rock Springs, Wyoming. The site is composed of a house pit containing a slab-lined hearth, an exterior slab-lined hearth, numerous small exterior hearths, a midden area, and several humic stains. Three radiocarbon dates from this site indicate a date range of 3710 + 60 BP to 5130 ± 90 BP, with an intermediate date of 4310 + 200 BP. Pollen and macrofloral analyses were undertaken at this site in an effort to...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

Pollen and macrofloral analyses were conducted in conjunction with archaeological mitigation at 5AH380. This multi-component site yielded features that dated between AD 330 and AD 920. As least four occupations are represented at this site and a paleosol was recovered the same level as Feature 9, which yielded a radiocarbon age of 1070 + 100 BP (AD 880). Pollen samples were collected from a stratigraphic profile in Trench 5 to address paleoenvironmental conditions on the Plains for the...

DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

Pollen and macrofloral analysis was undertaken at four sites in the Abiquiu Reservoir Multiple Resource Area in north-central New Mexico. The vegetation in the Abiquiu area varies from short-grass prairie to pinyon/juniper woodland, depending largely on elevation, slope exposure, and soils. Common vegetation within this area includes Pinus edulis (pinyon pine), Juniperus monosperma (one-seeded juniper), Graminae (grasses), Gutierrezia sarothrae (snakeweed), Chrysothamnus nauseosus...